Classification Mr. Binder

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Classification

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•There are an estimated 8.7 million species of organisms on earth.

•New organisms are still being discovered and identified

Species of Organisms

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What is Classification?

Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities

Classification is also known as taxonomy

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Benefits of Classifying

•Classifying ensures organisms are named accurately & uniformly•Prevents misnomers (such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish) •Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names

Sea”horse”??

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Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names

copyright cmassengale

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Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists

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Early Taxonomists

•2000 years ago, Aristotle was the first taxonomist

•divided organisms into plants & animals

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Carolus Linnaeus1707 – 1778

•18th century taxonomist

•Classified organisms by their structure

•Developed naming systemstill used today!!


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Standardized Naming

•Binomial nomenclature used

•Genus species

•Latin or Greek

•Italicized in print

•Capitalize genus, but NOT species

Turdus migratorius

American Robin

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Binomial Nomenclature

Which TWO are more closely related?

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Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups

DomainKingdom

Phylum (Division – used for plants)Class

OrderFamily

GenusSpecies

BROADEST LEVEL

Most Specific

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Dumb

King

Phillip

Came

Over

For

Great

Spagehtti!

Dude…

King

Phillip

Came

Over

For

Great

Sushi!

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•Three domains:1. Archaea

2. Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles)

3. Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Domains


Archaea Eubacteria Eukarya

Archaebacteria Eubacteria Animalia

Plantae

Protista

Fungi

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Domains

Kin

gd

om

s

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ARCHAEA

•Probably the 1st cells to evolve

•Live in HARSH environments

•Found in:–Sewage Treatment Plants

–Thermal or Volcanic Vents

–Hot Springs or Geysers that are acidic

–Very salty water (Dead Sea; Great Salt Lake)


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ARCHAEAN


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EUBACTERIA

•Some cause DISEASE

•Found in ALL HABITATS

•Important decomposers for environment

•Commercially important


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Live in the intestines of animals

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Domain Eukarya and its 4 Kingdoms

•Protista (protozoans, algae…)

•Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …)

•Plantae (multicellular plants)

•Animalia (multicellularanimals)

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Kingdom: Protista

•Most are unicellular

•Some are autotrophic, while others are heterotrophic•Aquatic

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Kingdom: Fungi•Multicellular,except yeast

•Cell walls made of chitin

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Kingdom: Plantae

•Multicellular

•Autotrophic

•Absorb sunlight to make glucose –Photosynthesis

•Cell walls made of cellulose

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Kingdom: Animalia

•Multicellular•Heterotrophs (consume food & digest it inside their bodies)•Feed on plants and/or other animals

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Basis for Modern Taxonomy

•Evolutionary relationships1. Homologous structures (same structure, different function)

2. Similar embryo development

3. Molecular Similarity (DNA)

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Ex. Homologous Structures (BONES in the FORELIMBS) shows Similarities in mammals.

Education

Classification Mr. Binder