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Chemistry PresentationSalt as a Raw material for Chemicals.
Group-2Syed Ather Aaron AbhramWazir ZiadNoufal HassanStanley
James.
Common salt a raw material for chemicals.Common Salts
(NaCl)areIronic compoundsthat result from theNeutralizationreaction
of anAcidand aBase.Common Salt is an important raw material for
Various materials in our daily life.A few of the materials are
1.Sodium Hydroxide. 2. Bleaching powder(Calcium Oxy chloride)3.
Baking Soda(Sodium bicarbonate). 4. Washing Soda(Sodium
carbonate)
1. Sodium Hydroxide(NaOH)When electricity passes through an
aqueous solution of Sodium Chloride (Also known as Brine)it
decomposes to from NaOH, This process is called Chlor-Alkali It is
known as chlor-Alkali because the products form Chlor for Chlorine
and Alkali for NaOHChlorine gas is given off at the Anode, and
Hydrogen gas at the Cathode. These gases Are very useful to us.
Process of Electrolysis.
Properties of NaOH.It Has an Acidity of 13.Reacts with Carbon
Dioxide to form Sodium Carbonate.Also reacts with other Acids to
form pure water and salts.Chemical Equation: 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O Gives
2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2(g).
Bleaching powder(CaOCl2).We know that chlorine is produced
during electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride(brine).This Chlorine
gas is used for manufacture of bleaching power(CaOCl2).Bleaching
powder is produced by the action of chlorine on dry Slaked
Lime(Ca(OH)2).
Uses of CaOCl2It is used for bleaching cotton and linen in the
textile industry, for bleaching wood pulp in paper factories and
for bleaching washed clothes in laundryas an oxidizing agent in
many chemical industries; andfor disinfecting drinking water to
make it free of germs.
Bleaching Powder
Baking soda(Sodium Bi-Carbonate)The soda commonly used in the
kitchen for making tasty crispy pakoras is baking soda. Sometimes
it is added for faster cooking. The chemical name of the compound
is sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3). It is produced using sodium
chloride as one of the raw materials.NaCl + H2O + CO2 + NH3 Gives
NH4Cl + NaHCO3It is a mild non-corrosive base.2NaHCO3 Gives Na2CO3
+H2O+CO2
Uses of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCo3)For making baking
powder, which is a mixture of baking soda(sodium hydrogen
carbonate) and a mild edible acid such as tartaric acid. When
baking powder is heated or mixed in water, the following reaction
takes place NaHCO3 + H+ CO2 + H2O + Sodium salt of acidCarbon
dioxide produced during the reaction causes bread or cake to rise
making them soft and spongy.
Uses of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCo3)Sodium hydrogen
carbonate is also an ingredient in antacids. Being alkaline, it
neutralizes excess acid in the stomach and provides relief.It is
also used in soda-acid fire extinguishers.
Sodium Bi-Carbonate.
Washing sodaAnother chemical that can be obtained from sodium
chloride is Na2CO3.10H2O (washing soda). You have seen above that
sodium carbonate can be obtained by heating baking soda;
recrystallization of sodium carbonate gives washing soda. It is
also a basic salt.Na2CO3 +H2O Gives Na2CO3.H2O
Uses of washing sodaSodium carbonate (washing soda) is used in
glass, soap and paper industries.It is used in the manufacture of
sodium compounds such as borax.Sodium carbonate can be used as a
cleaning agent for domestic purposes.It is used for removing
permanent hardness of water.
Sodium Carbonate
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