CHROMATOGRAPHY

Nur Eliya JasmiNur Amalina Mohd Noor

Nur Hamizah SalimNur Azirah Norzaini Tan

What is CHROMATOGRAPHY ?

colour

to write

WHAT IS CHROMATOGRAPHY ?

• A technique for separating mixtures into their components in order to analyze, identify, and

purify the mixture or components.

DEFINITION

• Analyze : To examine the mixture or structure or something especially by separating it into its parts.

• Purify : To make something pure by removing substances that are not wanted out of another substances that contains it.

• Identify : To recognize something and to determine the identity of mixture.

CHROMATOGRAM

• The visual output of the chromatograph. Different patterns on the chromatogram correspond to

different components of the separated mixture

• The visual output of the chromatograph. Different patterns on the chromatogram correspond to

different components of the separated mixture

CHROMATOGRAM

x axis – Retention time

y axis – Solute concentration that leaving a chromatographic

column.

x axis – Retention time

y axis – Solute concentration that leaving a chromatographic

column.

Retention time :Time taken for the analyte to

pass through the system under set conditions.

Retention time :Time taken for the analyte to

pass through the system under set conditions.

PHASE IN CHROMATOGRAPHY ?

STATIONARY PHASE

ADSORBENT : atoms that accumulate on the surface of the material

ADSORBENT : atoms that accumulate on the surface of the material

TYPE OF STATIONARY PHASE

MOBILE PHASE

ELUENT : solvent that carry the

analyte in elution.

ELUENT : solvent that carry the

analyte in elution.

MOBILE PHASE

SUPER CRITICAL FLUID: mobile phase is a fluid above

and close to its critical temperature and pressure.

SUPER CRITICAL FLUID: mobile phase is a fluid above

and close to its critical temperature and pressure.

COMPARISON OF THE PHASE

MOBILE PHASE

GASGAS CROMATOGRAPHY

(GC)

LIQUIDLIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

(LC)

STATIONARY PHASE

LIQIUDGAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

(GLC)

SOLIDGAS-SOLID CHROMATOGRAPHY

(GSC)

LIQUIDLIQUID-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

(LLC)

SOLIDLIQUID-SOLID CHROMATOGRAPHY

(LSC)

ANALOGY…

RF VALUE

It is the distance travelled by the sample or analyte divided by distance travelled by the

solvent front in chromatography.

It is the distance travelled by the sample or analyte divided by distance travelled by the

solvent front in chromatography.

EXAMPLE OF RF VALUE

MECHANISME OF CHROMATOGRAPHY

ADSORPTION

• Surface phenomenon where interaction takes place only on the surface of one substance.

ABSORPTION <> ADSORPTION

ABSORPTION <> ADSORPTION

ELUTION

• The process of extracting a substance that is adsorbed to another by washing it with a

solvent. •

ELUTION

PARTITION

Saq <==> SorgSaq <==> Sorg

PARTITION

SUMMARIZE OF CHROMATOGRAPHY

IF COLOURLESS ???

ULTRAVIOLET DETECTOR

ULTRAVIOLET DETECTOR MECHANISM

THE END