WHAT IS THE FACTOR CONNECTING TWO OF THE

MOST CATACLYSMIC GLOBAL PANDEMICS: BLACK DEATH

AND AIDS

• BY VISITH DANTANARAYANA OF GROUP 101

• UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF MISS OLGA

BLACK DEATH

FROM 1346- 1352AD

BLACK DEATH AS A GLOBAL PANDEMIC

YERSINIA PESTIS

ABOVE: ORIENTAL RAT FLEA

LEFT: YERSINIA PESTIS

AIDS

The abbreviation of Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus.

CAUSED BY HIV OR HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

HISTORY BEHIND HIV

HIV IS BELIEVED TO HAVE EVOLVED FROM THE CLOSELY RELATED

SIV OR SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY

VIRUS.

TWO TYPES OF HIVHIV -1 HIV -2

FROM CHIMPANZEES OR GORILLAS TO HUMANS THROUGH ZOONOSISEXPLAINED BY THE BUSHMEAT THEORY

FROM SOOTY MANGABEYES TO HUMANS

FATALITY IS HIGH FATALITY IS LOW

HIV/AIDS AS A GLOBAL PANDEMIC

THE CRITICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN AIDS AND THE BLACK DEATH

THE CRUCIAL CONNECTION IS CHEMOKINES

CHEMOTAXIS

TYPES OF STRUCTURE

WHY IS CHEMOKINE THE CONNECTION?

IN 1346 WHEN THE PLAGUE BROKE OUT IT CAUSED A MAJOR GENETIC SHIFT.

DURING THE PLAGUE THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION SUFFERED THE HEAVIEST CASUALTIES.

CONTRASTINGLY THEY ARE RESISTANT TO HIV-1.

THE CYSTEINE-CYSTEINE CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR5 HAS THE ANSWERS

A protein found on the surface of white blood cells that is involved in the immune system as it acts as a receptor for Chemokines.

HIV-1 uses CCR5 to open a pathway into the T - Lymphocyte

THE CRITICAL MUTATION

THE RESULT WAS A GIFT OF NATURE.THE ABILITY TO RESIST TWO OF THE MOST FATAL DISEASES SMALL POX AND

AIDS.

GET THE GIST

MODERN TREATMENT BASED ON THIS THEORY

• Maraviroc

• Enfuvirtide

ROLE OF GENETIC ENGINEERING