Chapter Six:Chapter Six:Early IndiaEarly India

Section TwoSection Two

Hinduism and BuddhismHinduism and Buddhism

Chapter 6 Section 2 Chapter 6 Section 2 VocabularyVocabulary

Siddartha GautamaSiddartha Gautama Born 530 BC Born 530 BC Founder of Buddhism Founder of Buddhism Known as Buddha or Known as Buddha or

“enlightened one”“enlightened one”

Chapter 6 Section 2 Chapter 6 Section 2 VocabularyVocabulary

Dalai LamaDalai Lama Lama or Buddhist leader who Lama or Buddhist leader who

headed the government and is headed the government and is considered the reincarnation of the considered the reincarnation of the BuddhaBuddha

Chapter 6 Section 2 Chapter 6 Section 2 VocabularyVocabulary

NepalNepalSmall kingdom near the Small kingdom near the Himalaya mountains Himalaya mountains

Home of the Buddha Home of the Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama)(Siddhartha Gautama)

Chapter 6 Section 2 Chapter 6 Section 2 VocabularyVocabulary

TibetTibetA country in Central Asia A country in Central Asia where Mahayana where Mahayana Buddhism beganBuddhism began

Chapter 6 Section 2 Chapter 6 Section 2 VocabularyVocabulary

ReincarnationReincarnationThe idea of being born into The idea of being born into many lives (never dying) to many lives (never dying) to reach the Brahman level of reach the Brahman level of Hindu societyHindu society

Chapter 6 Section 2 Chapter 6 Section 2 VocabularyVocabulary

DharmaDharma

Divine law that requires people Divine law that requires people to do the duty of their jati (level to do the duty of their jati (level in the caste system) in the caste system)

Chapter 6 Section 2 Chapter 6 Section 2 VocabularyVocabulary

KarmaKarma

The consequences of how a The consequences of how a person lives in relation to their person lives in relation to their dharma (duty)dharma (duty)

Chapter 6 Section 2 Chapter 6 Section 2 VocabularyVocabulary

NirvanaNirvana

Not a place but a state of Not a place but a state of wisdom that a person wisdom that a person reaches if he gives up all reaches if he gives up all desiresdesires

Beginning Location

HinduismHinduismIndiaIndiaBuddhismBuddhismSmall kingdom near the HimalayaSmall kingdom near the Himalaya

now present-day southern Nepalnow present-day southern Nepal

Date Founded

HinduismHinduism1500 B.C.E. (approximate)1500 B.C.E. (approximate)BuddhismBuddhism600 B.C.E. (approximate)600 B.C.E. (approximate)

Founder

HinduismHinduismThe AryansThe AryansBuddhismBuddhismSiddhartha Gautama Siddhartha Gautama (“The Buddha” also called “The (“The Buddha” also called “The Enlightened One”) Enlightened One”)

Major Deity/Deities(gods)

(not on study guide)

HinduismHinduismBrahma Brahma (Other deities include Vishnu, Shiva, and(Other deities include Vishnu, Shiva, and

Krishna)Krishna)

BuddhismBuddhismThe BuddhaThe Buddha

Holy Book

HinduismHinduismUpanishads and Rig VedasUpanishads and Rig VedasBuddhismBuddhism• Four Noble TruthsFour Noble Truths• Eight Fold PathEight Fold Path

Holy City

HinduismHinduismVaranasi Varanasi BuddhismBuddhismNone None (Lhasa is now considered “holy” (Lhasa is now considered “holy”

because it isbecause it is

the home of the Dalai Lama.) Some cities are the home of the Dalai Lama.) Some cities are

considered “holy” based upon The Buddha’s life. considered “holy” based upon The Buddha’s life.

Most Important Teachings of Hinduism

Karma:Karma: The good or bad energy a person builds The good or bad energy a person builds

up based upon whether or not he or she up based upon whether or not he or she has lived a good life.has lived a good life.

If Hindus have done their duty and lived If Hindus have done their duty and lived a good life then they will have good a good life then they will have good karma and will move closer to Brahma.karma and will move closer to Brahma.

(continued)(continued)

Most Important Teachings of Hinduism

Reincarnation:Reincarnation:In Hinduism, the rebirth of the In Hinduism, the rebirth of the soul or spirit in different soul or spirit in different bodies over time.bodies over time.

(continued)(continued)

Most Important Teachings of Hinduism

Dharma:Dharma:In Hinduism, it is the divine law that In Hinduism, it is the divine law that

requiresrequirespeople to perform the duties within theirpeople to perform the duties within theircaste so that they may earn the rewardcaste so that they may earn the rewardof a better life in the next life.of a better life in the next life.

(continued)(continued)

Most Important Teachings of Hinduism

Religion is not one set of particular Religion is not one set of particular beliefs, but how they choose to beliefs, but how they choose to worship. worship.

A Way of lifeA Way of life

Most Important Teachings of Buddhism

NirvanaNirvanaThe Four Noble TruthsThe Four Noble TruthsThe Eightfold PathThe Eightfold Path

Most Important Teachings of Buddhism

NirvanaNirvanaNirvana is a state of wisdom that a Nirvana is a state of wisdom that a

Buddhist achieves when he or she hasBuddhist achieves when he or she has

given up all desires for worldly things.given up all desires for worldly things.

If one does this, then pain and sorrowIf one does this, then pain and sorrow

will vanish.will vanish.

Most Important Teachingsof Buddhism

The Four Noble TruthsThe Four Noble Truths1.1. Life is full of suffering.Life is full of suffering.2.2. People suffer because theyPeople suffer because they desire worldly things and self-desire worldly things and self- satisfaction. satisfaction.

(continued)(continued)

Most Important Teachingsof Buddhism

The Four Noble Truths The Four Noble Truths (continued)(continued)1.1. (Previous slide)(Previous slide)

2.2. (Previous slide)(Previous slide) 3.3. The way to end suffering is to stop The way to end suffering is to stop

desiring things.desiring things.4.4. The only way to stop desiring things is The only way to stop desiring things is

to follow the Eightfold Path.to follow the Eightfold Path.

(continued)(continued)

Most Important Teachingsof Buddhism

The Eightfold PathThe Eightfold Path

Know and understand The Four Know and understand The Four Noble Truths.Noble Truths.

Give up worldly things and don’t Give up worldly things and don’t harm others.harm others.

Tell the truth, don’t gossip, and Tell the truth, don’t gossip, and don’t speak badly of others.don’t speak badly of others.

(continued)(continued)

Most Important Teachingsof Buddhism

The Eightfold PathThe Eightfold Path Don’t commit evil acts like killingDon’t commit evil acts like killing stealing, or living an unclean life.stealing, or living an unclean life. Do rewarding work.Do rewarding work. Work for good and oppose evil.Work for good and oppose evil. (continued)(continued)

Most Important Teachingsof Buddhism

The Eightfold PathThe Eightfold Path Make sure your mind Make sure your mind

keeps your senses under keeps your senses under control.control.

Practice meditation as a Practice meditation as a way to understand reality.way to understand reality.

How did the religion spread?Hinduism

As India’s population grew As India’s population grew andand

spread, so did Hinduism. spread, so did Hinduism.

How did the religion spread?Buddhism

Buddhist teachers andBuddhist teachers and

merchants spread their ideas merchants spread their ideas ofof

Buddhism throughout southBuddhism throughout south

eastern Asia. eastern Asia.

Describe how Mahayana Describe how Mahayana Buddhism differs from Buddhism differs from traditional Buddhism.traditional Buddhism.

They worship Buddha as a person who They worship Buddha as a person who came to save peoplecame to save people

They feel that the Eight Fold Path is too They feel that the Eight Fold Path is too hard to follow and they will go to heaven hard to follow and they will go to heaven and then be able to follow the Eight Fold and then be able to follow the Eight Fold Path to reach nirvanaPath to reach nirvana

They appreciate the bodhisattvas, a group They appreciate the bodhisattvas, a group of enlightened people who have reached of enlightened people who have reached nirvana, but stay on earth to help people.nirvana, but stay on earth to help people.