Chapter 9Chapter 9

NomenclatureNomenclature

(naming stuff)(naming stuff)

Chemical Reactions are Chemical Reactions are cool!cool!

A new substance with a new A new substance with a new property will be made!property will be made!

Seriously?! Chemical what?!

Monoatomic IonsMonoatomic Ions Mono means one.Mono means one. When the metals in groups 1A, 2A and 3A When the metals in groups 1A, 2A and 3A

lose electrons, they form cations with lose electrons, they form cations with positive charges equal to their group positive charges equal to their group number.number.

They keep their names and just put the They keep their names and just put the word “ion” after it.word “ion” after it.

Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to form Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to form anions.anions.

The charge of any anion is determined by The charge of any anion is determined by subtracting 8 from their group number.subtracting 8 from their group number.

Elements in group 7A have a -1 charge and Elements in group 7A have a -1 charge and so on.so on.

Their names will have the ending –ide.Their names will have the ending –ide. For example, oxide, nitride, phosphide….etcFor example, oxide, nitride, phosphide….etc

Ions of Transition MetalsIons of Transition MetalsThe metals of groups 1B-8B form more The metals of groups 1B-8B form more

than one cation with different charges.than one cation with different charges.The charges of the cations of many The charges of the cations of many

transition metal ions must be transition metal ions must be determined from the number of determined from the number of electrons lost.electrons lost.

To name these ions, a Roman numeral To name these ions, a Roman numeral is used in parentheses after the name is used in parentheses after the name of the element.of the element.

For example, FeFor example, Fe+3 +3 would be called would be called iron(III).iron(III).

Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic IonsSome ions, called polyatomic ions, Some ions, called polyatomic ions,

are composed of more than one are composed of more than one atom.atom.

The names of polyatomic ions end in The names of polyatomic ions end in –ite or –ate.–ite or –ate.

There are three other ions that have There are three other ions that have different endings cyanide, different endings cyanide, ammonium and hydroxideammonium and hydroxide

All ions with oxygen in them end with All ions with oxygen in them end with an –ite or an –ate.an –ite or an –ate.

Refer to your polyatomic table for the Refer to your polyatomic table for the names and charges.names and charges.

Let’s Practice!Let’s Practice!Write the name for the following:Write the name for the following:CaCa+2+2

FeFe+2+2

CuCu+1+1

LiLi22C0C033

NHNH44++

NONO33--

BrBr--

NHNH44NONO33

I’M READY!!

ANSWERS!ANSWERS!Write the name for the following:Write the name for the following:CaCa+2 +2 calcium ioncalcium ionFeFe+2 +2 iron(II) ioniron(II) ionCuCu+1 +1 copper(I) ioncopper(I) ionLiLi22C0C03 3 lithium carbonatelithium carbonate

NHNH44+ + ammonium ionammonium ion

NONO33- - nitrate ionnitrate ion

BrBr- - bromide ionbromide ionNHNH44NONO3 3 ammonium nitrateammonium nitrate

HIGH FIVE!HIGH FIVE!

SUM IT UP!SUM IT UP!

Name the following:

NaClO4

HCN

NH4H2PO4

Writing Formulas for Ionic Writing Formulas for Ionic CompoundsCompounds

A binary compound is composed of two A binary compound is composed of two elements and can be either ionic or molecular.elements and can be either ionic or molecular.

To name any binary ionic compound, place the To name any binary ionic compound, place the cation first and then the anion name.cation first and then the anion name.

To write a formula for a binary compound, write To write a formula for a binary compound, write the symbol of the cation and then the anion.the symbol of the cation and then the anion.

Add whatever subscripts are needed to balance Add whatever subscripts are needed to balance the charges.the charges.

BALANCING THE CHARGES IS IMPORTANT!!!!BALANCING THE CHARGES IS IMPORTANT!!!!

Balancing Charges Using the Balancing Charges Using the Crossdown MethodCrossdown Method

Write the cation first with its charge.Write the cation first with its charge.Then write the anion with its charge.Then write the anion with its charge.The charge of one ion becomes the The charge of one ion becomes the

subscript for the other ion.subscript for the other ion.You “cross” them down.You “cross” them down. If the charges match, then no If the charges match, then no

numbers are needed.numbers are needed.Remember, each compound wants to Remember, each compound wants to

have a net charge of zero.have a net charge of zero.

Let’s Practice!Let’s Practice!Write the formulas for the following Write the formulas for the following

binary compounds.binary compounds.Barium sulfideBarium sulfideCalcium nitrideCalcium nitrideLithium oxideLithium oxideCopper(II) iodideCopper(II) iodide Iron(III) oxideIron(III) oxide

ANSWERS!!ANSWERS!!Write the formulas for the following Write the formulas for the following

binary compounds.binary compounds.Barium sulfide BaSBarium sulfide BaSCalcium nitride CaCalcium nitride Ca33NN22

Lithium oxide LiLithium oxide Li22OO

Copper(II) iodide CuICopper(II) iodide CuI22

Iron(III) oxide FeIron(III) oxide Fe22OO33

Compounds with Polyatomic Compounds with Polyatomic IonsIonsWrite the symbol and charge for the Write the symbol and charge for the

cation.cation.Write the polyatomic formula and the Write the polyatomic formula and the

charge.charge.Cross down the charges.Cross down the charges.Remember, they must balance to zero.Remember, they must balance to zero.Pretend the polyatomic ion is one Pretend the polyatomic ion is one

atom.atom. If more than one polyatomic ion is If more than one polyatomic ion is

needed, put parentheses around the needed, put parentheses around the polyatomic formula.polyatomic formula.

Let’s Practice!Let’s Practice!Write the formulas for the following:Write the formulas for the following:

Calcium nitrateCalcium nitrate

Sodium carbonateSodium carbonate

Calcium phosphateCalcium phosphate

ANSWERS!ANSWERS!Write the formulas for the following:Write the formulas for the following:

Calcium nitrate Ca(NOCalcium nitrate Ca(NO33))22

Sodium carbonate NaSodium carbonate Na22COCO33

Calcium phosphate CaCalcium phosphate Ca33(PO(PO44))22

Hey wait! I think I got those

problems right!

SUM IT UP!SUM IT UP!

Write the formula for:

Potassium sulfide

Calcium carbonate

Naming and Writing Formulas for Naming and Writing Formulas for Covalent (Molecular) CompoundsCovalent (Molecular) Compounds The prefix in the name of the binary The prefix in the name of the binary

compound tells how many atoms of each compound tells how many atoms of each element are present in the molecule. (see element are present in the molecule. (see table 9.4) table 9.4)

The suffix for all the compounds is –ide.The suffix for all the compounds is –ide. Use the prefixes in the name to tell you Use the prefixes in the name to tell you

the subscript of each element in the the subscript of each element in the formula.formula.

Write the correct symbols and the Write the correct symbols and the appropriate subscripts.appropriate subscripts.

LET’S PRACTICE!LET’S PRACTICE!Write the names/formulas of the Write the names/formulas of the

following compounds.following compounds.

CSCS22

ClCl22OO77

NINI33

Carbon tetrabromideCarbon tetrabromideDiphosphorus trioxideDiphosphorus trioxide

ANSWERSANSWERSWrite the names/formulas of the Write the names/formulas of the

following compounds.following compounds.

CSCS2 2 carbon disulfidecarbon disulfide

ClCl22OO7 7 dichloride heptaoxidedichloride heptaoxide

NINI3 3 nitrogen triiodidenitrogen triiodide

Carbon tetrabromide CBrCarbon tetrabromide CBr44

Diphosphorus trioxide PDiphosphorus trioxide P22OO33

Naming and Writing Formulas for Naming and Writing Formulas for AcidsAcids

An acid is a compound that contains one An acid is a compound that contains one or more hydrogen atoms and produces or more hydrogen atoms and produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

When the name of the anion ends in –ide, When the name of the anion ends in –ide, the acid name begins with the prefix the acid name begins with the prefix hydro- and has the suffix –ic and ends in hydro- and has the suffix –ic and ends in acid.acid.

When the anion name ends in –ite the acid When the anion name ends in –ite the acid name ends in –ous followed by acid.name ends in –ous followed by acid.

When the anion name ends in –ate, the When the anion name ends in –ate, the acid name ends in –ic followed by acid.acid name ends in –ic followed by acid.

LET’S PRACTICE!LET’S PRACTICE!Write the name/formula for the Write the name/formula for the

following acids:following acids:HBrHBrHH22SOSO44

Hydrochloric acidHydrochloric acidCarbonic acidCarbonic acidHNOHNO22

If you don’t get this right….I’m coming for

your SOUL!

The Laws of Definite and The Laws of Definite and Multiple ProportionsMultiple Proportions

The law of definite proportions states that The law of definite proportions states that in any sample of a chemical compound, in any sample of a chemical compound, the masses of the elements are always in the masses of the elements are always in the same proportions.the same proportions.

They will always combine in simple whole-They will always combine in simple whole-number ratios.number ratios.

The law of multiple proportions states that The law of multiple proportions states that whenever two elements form more than whenever two elements form more than one compound, they will be in simple one compound, they will be in simple whole number ratios.whole number ratios.

SUM IT UP!SUM IT UP!

What is the name for HNO3 ?

Word EquationsWord Equations Symbols to remember:Symbols to remember: means yield or produces or makes, it’s means yield or produces or makes, it’s

like an =sign in mathlike an =sign in math + means add the compounds together+ means add the compounds together A triangle above the arrow, means heat is A triangle above the arrow, means heat is

added.added. (s) means solid or precipitate, (aq) means (s) means solid or precipitate, (aq) means

aqueous or dissolved in water, (g) means aqueous or dissolved in water, (g) means gas, (l) means liquid.gas, (l) means liquid.

Reactants must equal the products. No Reactants must equal the products. No random compounds!!random compounds!!

LET’S PRACTICE!LET’S PRACTICE!1. Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas 1. Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas

combine to form liquid water.combine to form liquid water.2. Methane gas (CH2. Methane gas (CH44) and oxygen ) and oxygen

gas combine to form carbon dioxide gas combine to form carbon dioxide gas and liquid water.gas and liquid water.

3. Solid Ammonium carbonate and 3. Solid Ammonium carbonate and dissolved calcium nitrate are mixed dissolved calcium nitrate are mixed together. Dissolved Ammonium together. Dissolved Ammonium nitrate and solid calcium carbonate nitrate and solid calcium carbonate are made.are made.

ANSWERSANSWERS

HH22(g) + O(g) + O22(g) (g) H H22O(l)O(l)

CHCH44(g) + O(g) + O22(g) (g) CO CO22(g) + H(g) + H22O(l)O(l)

(NH(NH44))22COCO33(s) + Ca(NO(s) + Ca(NO33))22 (aq) (aq) NHNH44NONO33 (aq) + CaCO (aq) + CaCO33 (s) (s)

OMG, I’M FINALLY DONE!OMG, I’M FINALLY DONE!