El Futuro

Formation: future stem + future ending

For most verbs, the future stem is the infinitive.

Verbs that have an accent mark in the infinitive lose this mark in the future.

Subject Ending

yo -e

tu -as

el, ella, Ud. -a

nosotros -emos

vosotros -eis

ellos, ellas, Uds.

-an

Irregular Future Stems

Infinitive Future Stem

poder podr-

poner pondr-

salir saldr-

tener tendr-

venir vendr-

Infinitive Future Stem

decir dir-

hacer har-

querer querr-

haber habr-

saber sabr-

Uses of Future Tense

To describe events that will/ will not happen some time in the future

El tren saldra a la una. (The plane will leave at one.)

Yo hablare con el profesor por la mañana. (I will talk to the teacher in the morning.)

To express the result, what will happen if certain condition is met.

Si el bus no llega, tomaremos un taxi. (If the bus does not come, we will take the taxi.)

To express the guess about the present (future of probability)

Donde estara mama? (I wonder where mom is.)Ira de compras. (She is probably shopping.)

Uds./ subir/ en diez minutos Yo/ hacer tarea/ despues de comer Si no romperte la pierna/ tu/ bailar

conmigo Los turistas/ estar/ japoneses Si graduarnos del colegio/ viajar durante

el verano

Practice~Form following sentences using future tense~

Answer Key1. Uds. subiran en diez minutos. (You will rise in

10 minutes.)2. Hare tarea despues de comer. (I will do the

homework after eating.)3. Si no te rompes la pierna, bailaras conmigo.

(If you don’t break your leg, you will dance with me.)

4. Los turistas estaran japoneses. (The tourists are probably Japanese.)

5. Si nos graduamos del colegio, viajaremos durante el verano. (If we graduate from high school, we will travel during the summer.)

El Condicional

Formation: future stem + conditional ending

Verbs that are irregular in future have the same irregular stem in conditional.

Subject Ending

yo -ia

tu -ias

el, ella, Ud. -ia

nosotros -iamos

vosotros -iais

ellos, ellas, Uds.

-ian

Uses of Conditional

To express what would/ would not happen if certain conditional were met Con mas dinero, compraria un vestido elegante. (With

more money (but I don’t have it), I would buy an elegant dress.)

To make polite requests, using gustar, poder, deber Podria ayudarme? (Could you help me?)

To wonder or express guess about the past (conditional probability) Serian las dos. (It was probably two o’clock.)

Comparison of Conditional and Future

Conditional is used to describe future events in relation to a point of reference in the past.

Declarative Verb Future Event

Present future

Past (preterite, imperfect) conditional

1. Future

• Me dices que ella llegara a las tres. (You tell me that she will arrive at three.)

2. Conditional

• Me dijiste que ella llegaria a las tres. (You told me that she would arrive at three.)

Practice~Form the following sentences using “If I could choose”: “Si pudiera escoger”~

Hacerse famoso o rico Tomar el examen de español o

descansar a la casa Cenar con su familia o con sus amigos Trabajar el banco o en el hospital

Answer Key

1. Si pudiera escoger, me haria famoso (rico). (If I could choose, I would be…)

2. Si pudiera escoger, tomaria el examen de español (descansaria en la casa). (If I could choose, I would take a Spanish exam or rest at the house.)

3. Si pudiera escoger, cenaria con mi familia (mis amigos). (If I could choose, I would have a dinner with my family/ my friends.)

4. Si pudiera escoger, trabajaria en el banco (en el hospital). (If I could choose, I would work at a bank or at a hospital.)

El Pluscuamperfecto Formation: imperfect of

haber + past participle To describe what had

happened before another past event Nunca antes habiamos

visitado Francia. (We had never visited France before.)

Too reference in the past tense to a past event in the indirect speech Se anunciaron que el

avion habia llegado. (They announced that the plane had arrived.)

Subject Haber Imperfect

yo habia

tu habias

el, ella, Ud. habia

nosotros habiamos

vosotros habiais

ellos, ellas, Uds.

habian

Practice~Tell what happened to the following people~

Yo/ llamar/ mi amiga/ ella/ salir de casa Ud./ llegar al hotel/ cerrar Los padres/ regresar a la casa/ la hija/

comer/ la torta

Answer Key

1. Cuando llame mi amiga, ella ya habia salido de casa. (When I called my friend, she had already left the house.)

2. Cuando Ud. llego al hotel, ya habia cerrado. (When you arrived to the hotel, it had already closed.)

3. Cuando los padres regresaron a la casa, la hija ya habia comido la torta. (When parents came back home, the daughter had already eaten the cake.)

El Futuro Perfecto~Future Perfect~

Formation: future of haber + past participle

To express what would have happened by a certain point in time El avion habra aterrizado

dentro de una hora. (The air plane will have landed in an hour.)

To express a guess or to suppose what may have happened in the past Paco llego con retraso.

Habra perdido un tren. (Paco arrived late. He may have missed a train.)

Subject Future of Haber

yo habre

tu habras

el, ella, Ud. habra

nosotros habremos

vosotros habreis

ellos, ellas, Uds.

habran

Practice~Tell whether the following statements would have happened by the given point~

Esta noche a las seis/ ella/ empezar la tarea

Dentro de diez años/ casarte Esta fin de semana/ Ud./ asistir tres

fiestas Al fin de proximo verano/ nosotros/

aprender español perfectamente

Answer Key

1. Esta noche a las seis, ella habra empezado su tarea. (This evening at 6, she will have started her homework.)

2. Dentro de diez años, te habras casado. (In ten years, you will have been married.)

3. Para el fin de semana, Ud. habra asistido tres fiestas. (By the weekend, you will have attended three parties.)

4. Al fin de proximo verano, nosotros habremos aprendido español perfectamente. (By the end of the next summer, we will have learned Spanish perfectly.)