Challenges and Responses in the Implementation of the K to 12

CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF K TO 12

Fr. Joel E. Tabora, SJ

SHORTCUTS IN TERMINOLOGY

• K to12• Present 10• Add Kindergarten (K)• Add years 11, 12 = “Career Academy” (2)• Pre-College• Senior High School• Junior High School

• K+6+4+2 = K to 12• BEC – Basic Education Curriculum• GEC – General Education Curriculum

REASONS FOR EDUCATION REFORM

• PH having the shortest education cycle in the world (14 years 6+4+4)• Washington Accord for Engineering – at least 16 years• Bologna Process for accountants, pharmacists, Physical

Therapists – 15 years• APEC Trade Agreement – deadline in 2020• For increased mobility of professionals• Affects individuals and nations

• UNESCO Education For All Plan – deadline in 2015• Universal functional literacy• Universal completion of the full cycle of basic education

ACADEMIC DEFICIENCIES

• Academic Deficiencies• English• Mathematics• Science• Filipino• Formation

• Catholic Educational Mission Deficiency• Recognition• Loss of respect• Loss of status/leadership• Loss of income

PHILIPPINE BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM (BEC)

• National Elementary School Curriculum• 1984 to 2002• New Secondary Education Curriculum• 1991-2002• Revised Basic Education Curriculum 2002• Secondary Education Curriculum -

Understanding by Design Model 2010

ISSUES WITH PRESENT BEC

• Insufficient mastery of basic competencies is common due to a congested curriculum. The 12 year curriculum is being delivered in 10 years.• High school graduates are younger than 18 years old

and lack basic competencies and maturity. They cannot legally enter into contracts and are not emotionally mature for entrepreneurship / employment.• Other countries view the 10-year education cycle as

insufficient.

GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM (GEC)

• GEC-A (63 units for humanities, social sciences and communications students)• GEC-B (51 units for non-HUSOCOM students)

ISSUES WITH PRESENT GEC

• Heavier semestral load of students• No room for formation subjects• Increasing professional subjects• The variations in laboratory requirements pose practical

problems for smaller colleges with just enough laboratories• Students not seeing the relevance of GEC subjects• Since only professional courses that need international

accreditation are under the Washington and Bologna Accord, some courses should have lesser subjects.

THE CHALLENGE

• Enhanced 10• Lessen drop outs• Decongest to improve learning• RBEC• Revised Basic Education Curriculum focused on just• English• Pilipino• Mathematics• Science• Makabayan

• But it did not “decongest” the curriculum

THE CHALLENGE

• Challenge for curriculum designers based on real feedback• Don’t just push up• Reduce – more time for independent work

and study

K TO 12 MODEL DEVELOPED BY DEPED

• A Comparative Example: Science Conceptual Matrix • K to 12 Model• Old RSEC

GRADE 7 GRADE 8 GRADE 9 GRADE 10GRADES 11 AND

12Scientific method Human system Genetics Fluiddynamics ST Subjects for

Medical and Allied Profession

Humans as stewards of the earth

Reproduction Evolution Thermodynamics ST Subjects for Food Industries

Matter: measurement, classification, changes

Cell Chemical reactions

Electrodynamics ST Subjects for Energy and Environment Related Industries

Motion Atoms - structure, functions, periodicity

Thermal behavior

Waves: sounds and optics

The Earth Chemical bonds Radioactivity If 6 units for GE courses in Science:

Effects of soil related problems and how they are managed (lithosphere) added

Causes of motion and laws of conservation of mechanical energy and momentum

Effects of human activities to climate change added

SPECIALIZATION: biotechnology and bioethics added

1 ST Subject

Effects of human activities to atmosphere added

Genetics 1 Research

Electrodynamics

Thermodynamics If 12 units for GE courses in Science:

2 STS (Choice of 2)

2 Research

K to 12 Curriculum for Science Grades 7-12

GRADE 7Integrated

Science

GRADE 8Biology

GRADE 9Chemistry

GRADE 10Physics

GRADES 11 AND 12

Scientific Method Balance of nature

Chemical Systems

Newtonian Mechanics

Sun-Moon-Earth System

Cell Composition of the Atom

Electromagnetism

States of Matter Life Energy Elements in the Periodic Table

Electronics

Nature of Force Structure and Life Functions of Organisms

Chemical bonds Wave motion

Motion Genetics Chemical Reactions

Acoustics

Transfer of Energy

Evolution Behavior of Gases

Optics

Changes on Earth Biodiversity Solutions Thermodynamics

Relationships between living and non-living things

Colloids Nuclear Energy

OLD RSEC for Science Grades 7-10

pushed down to Grade 6

pushed up to Grade 9

pushed up to Grade 9



GRADE 7 GRADE 8 GRADE 9 GRADE 10GRADES 11 AND

12Scientific method Human system Genetics Fluiddynamics ST Subjects for

Medical and Allied Profession

Humans as stewards of the earth

Reproduction Evolution Thermodynamics ST Subjects for Food Industries

Matter: measurement, classification, changes

Cell Chemical reactions

Electrodynamics ST Subjects for Energy and Environment Related Industries

Motion Atoms - structure, functions, periodicity

Thermal behavior

Waves: sounds and optics

The Earth Chemical bonds Radioactivity If 6 units for GE courses in Science:

Effects of soil related problems and how they are managed (lithosphere)

Causes of motion and laws of conservation of mechanical energy and momentum

Effects of human activities to climate change

SPECIALIZATION: biotechnology and bioethics

1 ST Subject

Effects of human activities to atmosphere

Genetics 1 Research

Electrodynamics

Thermodynamics If 12 units for GE courses in Science:

2 STS (Choice of 2)

2 Research

K to 12 Curriculum for Science Grades 7-12

From Grade 9

From Grade 10

From Grade 8

From Grade 8

From Grade 10

From Grade 10

From Grade 9

Added

Added

Added Added

PHASES OF IMPLEMENTATION

1. Universal kindergarten will be offered starting SY 2011-2012.

2. DepEd will begin unclogging the basic education curriculum in SY 2012-2013.

3. The enhanced 12-year curriculum will be implemented starting with incoming Grade 1 students of SY 2012-2013.

4. Incoming freshmen of SY 2012-2013 will be the first beneficiary of a free Senior High School education that will be made available by DepEd in public schools beginning SY 2016-2017. Electives to be offered in Senior HS (arts, music, tech-voch..etc)

Source: Briefer prepared by the Department of Education, November 2, 2010

WORKPLAN OF DEPED STEERING COMMITTEE FOR TRANSITION (SEPTEMBER 5, 2011)

Project Activity Timetable

1. Development of K to 12 model plan September to October 2011

2. Identification of K to 12 Model sites October 2011

3. Curriculum Enhancement (Based on the K to 12 curriculum standards and competencies)

November to December 2011

4. Partnership with key stakeholders in the K to 12 model sites

January 2012

5. Training of Teachers Until May 2012

6. Communication and Advocacy Plan December 2011 to January 2012

7. K to 12 model, monitoring and evaluation June 2012 onwards

8. Communication and Advocacy Plan 2014 onwards

TRANSITION SCHEME FOR K TO 12

PROBLEMS WITH TRANSITION SCHEME

• Too late to make transition compulsory. • Difficulty to find students who will volunteer to go

through Grades 11 and 12. Since this will be in selected pilot schools, they can actually opt to go to College. Why then would they enter a shady Grade 11?• Official curriculum is not yet finalized. It is

expected on November, but this may be too late to train teachers.

PROBLEMS WITH TRANSITION SCHEME

• Logistical problems for administrators.• Textbooks and other materials are not yet

developed and printed for Grades 11 and 12.• Increased drop-outs due to perceived irrelevance

of going to Grades 11 and 12.

OUR PROPOSAL

• Implement K to 12 on our own. Essentially, K to 12 is an addition of 2 years in Basic Education.• We plan for the content of K to 12 on our own.• We accept that performance standards are based

on the:• Content of RBEC in 10 years• Set of College competencies now being articulated by

CHED.• Competencies required for specific work.

OUR PROPOSAL

• Basically, Br. Armin Luistro, FSC has encouraged CEAP and COCOPEA schools to pilot K to 12 even without legislation, based on global demand.

OUR PROPOSAL

CAREER ACADEMY

• Not just more high school• Not just pre-college• Sui generis – the last step in basic education• Pupils in 17th and 18th years of life• Atmosphere of challenge and respect

• Choose careers with educational implication• Some need two years (Pre-work stream)• Some need two years plus college (Pre-

college stream)• “Minus 2” or “Plus 2”

CAREER ACADEMY

CAREER ACADEMY

• “It provides the professional and human education necessary for the practice of chosen careers either immediately after graduation or after further tertiary education, depending on the career chosen”• Completion is attested to by a certificate or

diploma issued by or with permission of the DepEd

CAREER ACADEMY

• Career Tracks• Achievement tests advisory• Tracks chosen by the pupils and their

parents• Preparation for life•Work•Marriage life• Atmosphere: Young adults

SCHOOLS WITH GRADES 11 AND 12 CURRICULUM DEVELOPED

• Ateneo de Naga University • Career Academy for Entrepreneurship Program

• San Carlos University

AN EXAMPLE: CAREER ACADEMY FOR TRAVEL AND TOURISM (WORK STREAM)

• PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: The Certificate of Achievement in Travel and Tourism is a two-year Career Academy program. This program will allow students to exit with knowledge and job skills necessary to qualify for immediate employment in a travel agency, tour company, or airline customer service position, or to continue on to fulfil their bachelor's degree requirements.

AN EXAMPLE: CAREER ACADEMY FOR TRAVEL AND TOURISM (WORK STREAM)

• Jesuit Core Courses – 12 units• General Education – 24 units• Career Specialization Courses – 24 units• Career Skills Development Courses – 10 units

• 70 total credit units

Course TitleCredit Units Pay Units

Lecture Lab Total Hours/Week

Jesuit Core Courses

History of Salvation 3 0 3 3

Christology 3 0 3 3

Philosophy of the Human Person and Society 3 0 3 3

Christian Vocation: Marriage and Family Life 3 0 3 3

Sub-total 12 0 12 12

General Education

Computer Literacy and Office Productivity Tools 0 3 3 3

Basic Algebra 3 0 3 3

General Psychology 3 0 0 3

Citizenship Education 3 0 3 3

Fundamentals of Environmental Science (With Eco-Tourism) 3 0 3 3

Philippine History 3 0 3 3

Business English 1 3 0 3 3

Business English 2 3 0 3 3


Career Specialization Courses

Principles of Tourism (Introduction to Tourism) 3 0 3 3

Principles of Safety, Hygiene and Sanitation 3 0 3 3

Methodology of Guiding 6 0 6 6

Selling Destinations 3 0 3 3

Career and Customer Service Skills 3 0 3 3

Airline Reservations and Ticketing 3 0 3 3

Travel and Tour Operations 3 0 3 3


Career Skills Development Courses

First Aid Course 2 2 4 4

Supervised Industry Exposure 0 6 6 6

Sub-total 2 8 10 10

TOTAL 59 11 70 70


Lecture Lab Total Hours/Week

Course Code Course Title

Credit Units Pay Units

Lecture Lab Total

Hours/Week

First Semester, Grade 11 History of Salvation 3 0 3 3

Computer Literacy and Office Productivity Tools 0 3 3 3

Basic Algebra 3 0 3 3 General Psychology 3 0 3 3

Principles of Tourism (Introduction to Tourism) 3 0 3 3

Principles of Safety, Hygiene and Sanitation 3 0 3 3


Desired Competencies: Perform computer operations; observe personal and workplace hygiene practices; observe health, safety and security practices; develop and update tourism industry knowledge.

Curriculum Outline for Career Academy for Travel and Tourism GRADE 11



Lecture Lab Total

Hours/Week

Second Semester, Grade 11 Christology 3 0 3 3 Philippine History 3 0 3 3 Business English 1 3 0 3 3 Methodology of Guiding 6 0 6 6 Career and Customer Service Skills 3 0 3 3 Sub-total 18 0 18 18

Desired Competencies: effective workplace communication (technical writing, answering the phone etc); develop and maintain the general knowledge required by guides; determine the job qualifications, attitudes, work habits and personal qualities necessary to function satisfactorily with other individuals and in organization in the hospitality industry; demonstrate good customer relations skills. Major Output: Prepare and present tour commentaries or activities.




Lecture Lab Total

Hours/Week

First Semester, Grade 12 Philosophy of the Human Person 3 0 3 3 Citizenship Education 3 0 3 3 Business English 2 3 0 3 3 Selling Desinations 3 0 3 3 Airline Reservations and Ticketing 3 0 3 3

First Aid Course 2 2 4 4 Sub-total 17 2 19 19

Desired Competencies: knowledge on the Philippine State and Current Affairs; continued effective workplace communication skills; list and define basic words, history, culture, geography, plants and animals of the Philippines; knowledge in offering arrival and departure assistance; provide first aid.




Lecture Lab Total

Hours/Week

Second Semester, Grade 12

Christian Vocation: Marriage and Family Life 3 0 3 3

Fundamentals of Environmental Science (with Eco-tourism) 3 0 3 3

Travel and Tour Operations 3 0 3 3 Supervised Industry Exposure 0 6 6 6 Sub-total 9 6 15 15

Desired Competencies: knowledge on the Philippine State and Current Affairs; continued effective workplace communication skills; list and define basic words, history, culture, geography, plants and animals of the Philippines; knowledge in offering arrival and departure assistance; provide first aid.


COLLEGE ADMISSION STANDARDS (STILL TO BE DETERMINED BY CHED)

Subject Content Standards

English

1. Understand new vocabulary and concepts and use them accurately in reading, speaking and writing.

2. Identify new words and concepts acquired through study of their relationships to other words and concepts

3. Identify the thesis and the basic argument or theme of a book in English (other than a textbook)

4. Interpret accurately the content of charts, graphs, and visual media that occur in texts.

5. Analyze the impact that text elements have on the meaning of a given informational text.

6. Understand the elements of communication both in informal group discussions and formal presentations (e.g. accuracy, relevance, rhetorical features, organization of information)

Filipino

1. Kadalubhasaan sa paggamit ng wika ng iba't ibang diskursong pampanitikan (nakagagamit ng tayutay, simbolismo, mga himig at ibang aspekto ng pananalinghaga)

2. Pagsasalin ng akdang pampanitikan at teknikal

3. Pagtalakay ng mga importanteng isyu't kontrobersiya (pampolitika, moral, seksuwal, edukasyonal, ekonomiko, at katulad) sa kasalukuyan.

4. Pagsulat ng isang saliksik, sanaysay na argumentatibo, at katulad na paglalahad na oral na sumisipi sa iba't ibang sangguniang limbag at di-limbag, at nagpapakita ng kaniyang kakayahang maglagom magsuri at mangasiwa ng impormasyon



Humanities

1. Understand the visual and performing arts.2. Examine the arts as expressions of the human experience.

3. Understand how humanities have contributed to the development of culture, including the comparative study of the humanities in diverse cultures.

4. Discuss the divergence and convergence of different cultures in the arts and humanities.

5. Acquire a working vocabulary of two or more arts and humanities disciplines.

6. Relate arts and humanities discipline to ethical and/or human issues. Identify representative musical works from a variety of cultures and historical periods.

7. Interpret how a literary/artistic work relates to the history and/or culture from which it originated.


Mathematics

Demonstrate understanding of key concepts and principles of number sense, algebra, geometry, probability and statistics as applied, using appropriate technology, in problem solving, reasoning, communicating, making connections, representations and decisions in real life.

AN EXAMPLE: PRE-COLLEGE STREAM

• Jesuit Core Courses – 15 units• General Education – 62 units

• 77 total credit units

AN EXAMPLE: PRE-COLLEGE STREAM (CURRICULUM SUMMARY)


Lecture Lab Total Hours/WeekEnglish

ENGL Basic Communication Skills 3 0 3 3ENGL Speech Art 0 3 3 3ENG Writing Across the Disciplines 3 0 3 3LIT 1 Literature of the Philippines 3 0 3 3

Sub-total 9 3 12 12Mathematics

MATH Algebra 1 3 0 3 3MATH Algebra 2 3 0 3 3MATH Statistics 3 0 3 3MATH Trigonometry 3 0 3 3

Sub-total 12 0 12 12Science

NS Introduction to Physical Sciences 3 0 3 3NS Introduction to Biological Sciences 3 2 5 5NS Environmental Sciences 3 0 3 3

Sub-total 9 2 11 11


Computer Science EDP Fundamentals of Computer Software and Application 0 3 3 3

Sub-total 0 3 3 3Filipino

FIL Komunikasyon sa Akademikong Filipino 3 0 3 3FIL Pagbasa at Pagsulat tungo sa Pananaliksik 3 0 3 3FIL Retorika 3 0 3 3

Sub-total 9 0 9 9Social Sciences

SOCIO Society & Culture w/ Family Planning 3 0 3 3PSYCH General Psychology 3 0 3 3PS Philippine Constitution and Government 3 0 3 3HIST Philippine History with Life and Works of Rizal 3 0 3 3HUM Introduction to Arts Appreciation 3 0 3 3



Jesuit Core PHILO Introduction to Philosophy with Logic and Critical Thinking 3 0 3 3PHILO Philosophy of the Human Person 3 0 3 3THEO Jesus Christ and Salvation History 3 0 3 3THEO Christian Morality and Spirituality 3 0 3 3THEO Christian Commitment and Solidarity 3 0 3 3

Sub-total 15 0 15 15TOTAL 69 8 77 77

AN EXAMPLE: PRE-COLLEGE STREAM (GRADE 11 CURRICULUM OUTLINE)


Lecture Lab TotalHours/Week

First Semester, Grade 11

ENGL Basic Communication Skills 3 0 3 3

MATH Algebra 1 3 0 3 3

NS Introduction to Physical Science 3 0 3 3

FIL Komunikasyon sa Akademikong Filipino 3 0 3 3

HIST Philippine History with Life and Works of Rizal 3 0 3 3

PHILO Introduction to Philosophy 3 0 3 3

THEO Jesus Christ and Salvation History 3 0 3 3



ENGL Speech Art 0 3 3 3

NS Introduction to Biological Sciences 3 2 5 5

MATH Algebra 2 3 0 3 3

THEO Christian Morality and Spirituality 3 0 3 3

FIL Pagbasa at Pagsulat tungo sa Pananaliksik 3 0 3 3

PSYCH General Psychology 3 0 3 3


AN EXAMPLE: PRE-COLLEGE STREAM (GRADE 12 CURRICULUM OUTLINE)

First Semester, Grade 12

ENGL Writing Across the Disciplines 3 0 3 3

MATH Trigonometry 3 0 3 3

EDP Fundamentals of Computer Software and Application 0 3 3 3

FIL Retorika 3 0 3 3

PS Philippine Constitution and Government 3 0 3 3

THEO Christian Commitment and Solidarity 3 0 3 3



LIT Literature of the Philippines 3 0 3 3

MATH Statistics 3 0 3 3

NS Environmental Sciences 3 0 3 3

SOCIO Society and Culture w/ Family Planning 3 0 3 3

HUM Introduction to Arts Appreciation 3 0 3 3

PHILO Philosophy of the Human Person 3 0 3 3


TOTAL 69 8 77 77

IMPELLED BY THE CATHOLIC EDUCATIONAL MISSION

•Decide to implement K to 12•Work together. Share. Inform. Stay informed.• Enhance Basic Education• To prepare for Work• To prepare for College

• Contribute to helpful policy formulation

DAGHANG SALAMAT!

WHAT TO GAIN FROM THE K TO 12?

• Facilitate an accelerated economic growth.• Facilitate mutual recognition of Filipino graduates and

professionals in other countries.• A better educated society provides a sound foundation

for long-term socio-economic development.• Several studies have shown that the improvements in

the quality of education will increase GDP growth by as much as 2%. Studies in the UK, India and US show that additional years of schooling also have positive overall impact on society.

WHAT TO GAIN FROM CAREER ACADEMIES?

• Courses in academic subjects include material specifically related to the academy’s career theme, which makes them more interesting. • Student’s interest is further aroused by immediate

connections between the program and the real world. • Adults working in the field serve as mentors for

students, introducing them to settings in which they might work and helping them plan their careers.

WHAT TO GAIN FROM CAREER ACADEMIES?

• Career Academy approach is essentially flexible and adaptable to local needs, capacities and circumstances, rather than rigid and prescriptive, demonstrating that the approach can work in a wide variety of school and community settings. • Career Academies would increase the likelihood of

students graduating on time. CA will also increase vocational course-taking for these students without reducing their likelihood of completing a basic core academic curriculum.

CHALLENGE TO IMPLEMENT K TO 12 IN CEAP SCHOOLS

•With existing colleges or high schools• Stand alone•Minus 2 would be attractive to many•Work would allow them • To help their families• To earn their way through college

CHALLENGE TO IMPLEMENT K TO 12 IN CEAP SCHOOLS

• Plus 2 ensures better college experience• Better Tertiary-Level General Education• Better Professional Training•Will foster learning beyond the four walls of

the classroom. Not just theory but applied knowledge.

• Develop K to 12 curriculum in Basic Education