CHAPTER 21

Section 1: Threats to World Peace

Section 2: Hitler’s Aggressions

Section 3: Axis Gains

Section 4: The Soviet Union and the United States

Section 5: The Holocaust

Section 6: The End of the War

World War II

SECTION 4The Soviet Union and the United States

Allies AlliesAxis Axis

19421940 1941

Allies Axis

Bell Ringer 21.4:What countries were under Axis or Allied control in eastern Europe and the Mediterranean from 1940 to 1942?

SECTION 4The Soviet Union and the United States

In the Atlantic Charter, President Franklin D. Roosevelt pledgedto create a postwar world in which “all men in all lands maylive out their lives in freedom from fear and want.”

The United States had made clear their loyalty to the Allied cause.

SECTION 4The Soviet Union and the United States

1940 – Germany controlledalmost ALL of westernEurope.

Spain – under Hitler’s buddyFranco – was “neutral” butallowed German subs to useits ports.

SECTION 4The Soviet Union and the United States

The Axis had great successin the Balkans.

…everything but Turkey would come under Axis control.

SECTION 4The Soviet Union and the United States

The battle for North Africa was a struggle for control of the Suez Canal and access to oil from the Middle East and raw materials from Asia.

German troops led byGeneral Erwin Rommel – theDesert Fox - moved to take controlof Libya in early ’41.

SECTION 4The Soviet Union and the United States

In October Rommel’s army was beaten at theBattle of El Alamein . . . . The Axis forces would

retreat to Tunisia.

SECTION 4The Soviet Union and the United States

The U.S.S.R. was alarmedwhen Germany took theBalkans – this was THEIRneighborhood!

22 June 1941 --- this wouldchange …

Germany’s response was –create a sphere in Asia – theSoviets did NOT like that at all.

SECTION 4The Soviet Union and the United States

Operation Barbarossa:Without declaring war

Germany invadesthe Soviet Union

GB & the US offered aidto the Soviets . . . But

getting it to them wouldprove difficult.

SECTION 4The Soviet Union and the United States

SECTION 4The Soviet Union and the United StatesHitler would make the

capture of Stalingrad the main objective

of the offensive.

Stalin ordered that the city be held at all

costs.

The Battle of Stalingradhad begun.

SECTION 4The Soviet Union and the United States

Japanese Aggressions in the Pacific

Events in the Pacific drew the United States into the war.

SECTION 4The Soviet Union and the United States

Japanese armieshad pushed far intoChina.

… began to extend itscontrol over SoutheastAsia.

Sept 1940 – alliancewith Germany & Italy

SECTION 4The Soviet Union and the United States

The U.S. responded …

• …protested the violations of the Nine-Power Pact of 1922

• …provided assistance to Chinese Nationalists who were fighting the Japanese

• …placed an embargo on the sale of OIL and scrap IRON to Japan

• …moved a large part of its Pacific fleet to Hawaii

SECTION 4The Soviet Union and the United States

Relations between US and Japan

worsen …

Premier Hideki Tōjō

SECTION 4The Soviet Union and the United States

SECTION 4The Soviet Union and the United States

The United States declared war on Japan on 7 December 1941 –as did the British Parliament.

Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S. three days later – we replied in kind.

On the same day as the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese captured the American island of Guam and

began aerial attacks on the Philippines.

Australia would be the last stronghold of resistance in the southwest Pacific.

Chapter Wrap-Up

1. How did regional conflicts grow to involve many nations in World War II?

2. How did Hitler use prejudice as a tool?3. How was the technology of World War II

both beneficial and destructive?

CHAPTER 21

SECTION 4The Soviet Union and the United States

Allies AlliesAxis Axis

19421940 1941

Allies Axis

Bell Ringer 21.4:What countries were under Axis or Allied control in eastern Europe and the Mediterranean from 1940 to 1942?