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Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching (7e)
M. D. RoblyerChapter 2
Theory into Practice:
Foundations for Effective Technology
IntegrationDeveloped by:
M. D. Roblyer andPaige R. Wiencke
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Chapter 2:Main Concepts
1. Factors for successful technology integration
2. Contrasts between objectivist and constructivist teaching strategies
3. Directed theories and integration models
4. Constructivist theories and integration models
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
5. Directed and constructivist strategies and how the two work together
6. Three phases of Technology Integration Planning (TIP) Model
7. Essential conditions for technology integration
Chapter 2: Main Concepts (continued)
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Technology Integration in Action:The Role of Context
Phase 1: Analysis of needsPhase 2: Planning for integrationPhase 3: Post-instruction revisions
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Factors Required for Successful Technology Integration
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Two Perspectives on Technology Integration
Directed instruction – Transmit information to students through teacher-organized activities (based on objectivism, grounded in behaviorist, information processing theories)
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Two Perspectives on Technology Integration (cont.)
Inquiry-based learning – Learners generate own knowledge through experiences (based on constructivism, evolved from branches of cognitive learning theory
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Two Perspectives on Technology Integration (cont.)
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Learning Theory Foundations:Directed integration models -1-
Behaviorist Theory: B.F. Skinner
Learning shown by change in behaviors
Behaviors shaped by contingencies of reinforcementCorbis/Bettman
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Information-Processing Theory: Atkinson and Shiffrin
Learning is encoding information in memory
Memory stores: Sensory registers, short- and long-term
Learning Theory Foundations:Directed integration models -2-
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Cognitive-Behavioral Theory: Robert Gagné
Learning shaped by optimal conditions
Different skills > different conditions
Nine events of instruction
Courtesy of Robert Gagne
Learning Theory Foundations:Directed integration models -3-
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Systems Theory and Systematic Instructional Design
Learning is fostered by systems of instruction
Instructional systems: goals/objectives matched to assessment and instruction; field-tested/revised
Learning Theory Foundations:Directed integration models -4-
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Learning Theory Foundations:Directed integration models -5-Choose directed technology integration strategies: For mastery learning, clearly-
defined skills and content Unambiguous content Specific performance expected Individual tutoring/practice When learning must be efficient
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Learning Theory Foundations: Constructivist integration models -1-
John Dewey: Social activism theory
Curriculum arises from student interests
Education is growth, rather than goals
Learning should be hands‑on and experience based
Courtesy of the Library of Congress
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Learning Theory Foundations: Constructivist integration models -2-
Albert Bandura: Social cognitive theory
Learning results from behaviors, environment, and personal factors
Students learn by own actions or models
Self-efficacy neededCourtesy of Albert Bandura
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Learning Theory Foundations: Constructivist integration models -2-
Lev Vygotsky: Scaffolding Theory
Learning is cognitive development shaped by experience, culture
Adults help children bridge Zone of Proximal Development through scaffoldingCourtesy of the Library of Congress
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Learning Theory Foundations: Constructivist integration models -3-
Jean Piaget: Child Development Theory
Learning requires cognitive growth, maturation
Children go through stages of cognitive developmentCorbis/Bettman
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Learning Theory Foundations: Constructivist integration models -4-
Jerome Bruner: Discovery Learning
Learning is cognitive growth through interaction with the environment
Children remember better with discovery learning
Corbis/Bettman
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Learning Theory Foundations: Constructivist integration models -5-
Howard Gardner: Multiple Intelligences Theory
Learning shaped by nine types of innate intelligences
Courtesy Howard Gardner
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Learning Theory Foundations:Constructivist integration models -6-
Choose constructivist technology integration strategies: For inquiry-based learning and
abstract, complex concepts When hands-on visual activities
social collaboration, modeling, building self-efficacy are needed
When time permits exploration, discovery
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Learning Theory Foundations:Models based on theories
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Phases of the Technology Integration Planning (TIP) Model
Phase 1: Analysis of Needs Step 1: Determine relative
advantage Step 2: Assess required
resources & skills
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Phases of the Technology Integration Planning (TIP) Model (cont.)
Phase 2: Designing Integration Framework
Step 3: Decide on objectives, assessments
Step 4: Design integration strategies
Step 5: Prepare instructional environment
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Phases of the Technology Integration Planning (TIP) Model (cont.)
Phase 3: Post-instruction analysis and Revisions
Step 6: Analyze lesson results, impact
Step 7: Make revisions, based on results
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration: Overview
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration: A Shared Vision
Coordinated school and district planning, involve teachers, others
Budget yearly amounts for technology purchases plan for sustainability
Emphasize teacher training Match technology to curriculum
needs Keep current, build in flexibility
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Curriculum must address and align with: ISTE Standards 21st Century Student
Outcomes ICT Framework
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration: Standards, support
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Online use (AUP) Legal/ethical use Policies to insure equity Financial assistance,
incentives, and accountability
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration: Required policies
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration: Access to resources
Finding funding Purchasing
hardware and software
Setting up and maintaining physical facilities
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Hands-on, integration emphasis
Training over time Modeling,
mentoring, and coaching
Post-training access
Thomas Barrat/Shutterstock
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration: Skilled personnel
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Teachers trained in troubleshooting procedures
Teachers not expected to address complicated diagnostic and maintenance problems
Schools support teachers by replacing and repairing equipment
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration: Technical assistance
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration: Teaching, assessment Substitution: No functional
change from before technology Augmentation: Technology acts
as a direct tool substitute Modification: Technology
allows for significant redesign Redefinition: Technology allows
for new tasks not previously possible
Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching(7e) by M. D. Roblyer
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Partnerships are encouraged between schools, business, corporations and individuals
Partnerships typically benefit all partners
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration: Engaged community