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Priority setting in agricultural research
Guidelines for defining a problem-based, impact driven research agenda
OutlineIntroductionOverview of priority setting methodsApplication of priority setting methods in the CGIARTowards a framework for priority setting Structure of regional priority setting – some basic
stepsSupporting the agenda to make the process workLinking regional priorities to global prioritiesResearch planning, priority setting, budgeting cycleConclusionsReferences
Introduction♦ Changing demands on agricultural
research and growing scarcity of research resources
♦ Research priorities – consistent with♣ scientific potential♣ clients needs♣ national priorities♣ broader policy context
Simple, transparent procedures lacking
Overview of priority setting methods♦ Formal or informal priority setting
exercises♣ set research agenda♣ guide allocation of research resources♣ improve quality and efficiency of research
♦ Research priorities set across♣ commodities, regions, disciplines,
technology types, research problems
♣ different levels – national, institute, research program, project
Supply driven and demand driven approaches
Supply driven and demand driven approaches
♦ Precedence♦ Congruence♦ Scoring♦ Benefit-cost♦ Economic surplus
♦ Participatory
Approaches♦ Precedence
♣ level of funding in the previous year as a basis for the following years allocation of resources
♦ Congruence♣ rank alternative research themes or areas
on the basis of a single measure
♦ Scoring♣ rank alternative research programs,
themes, or project according to multiple criteria
(Contd…)
Approaches
♦ Benefit-cost♣ This model uses efficiency as the main
criteria for ranking alternative research themes (generation and adoption of technologies, annual benefits and costs, NPV, IRR)
♦ Economic surplus♣ enhancement of benefit-cost; price
responses to increased productivity induced by investment in research and technical change
Application of priority setting methods in the CGIAR
Center: ILRI
Level Purpose/Objective
PS Method Used
Criteria Outcome
Program Strategy Review
Integration of scoring, economic surplus, and benefit cost
Economic impact, poverty alleviation, environmental impact, international public good, and capacity building
A Ranking of 26 research themes
Application of priority setting methods in the CGIAR
Center: ICRAF
InstituteResource allocation to regions
Level Purpose/Objective
PS Method Used
Criteria Outcome
Medium Term Plans
Congruency Population, extent of poverty, severity of environmental problem
Regions Medium Term Plans
Consultative for a; modified delphi, and scoring
Regional dimensions, food security, conservation, adoption and income generation
Resource allocation to research themes within three research programmes
Application of priority setting methods in the CGIAR
Center: IRRI
Level Purpose/Objective
PS Method Used
Criteria Outcome
InstituteMTP Congrue
ncyBenefits of research, usefulness in increasing basic knowledge, institutional viability and capacity, probability of success
Resource allocation by rice ecosystems
Eco-system
MTP Expert judgement
Current and anticipated knowledge and capacity; strengthening NARS; building on past achievements
Resource allocation by programs
ProgramMTP Benefit
cost analysis
Efficiency, probability of success, international public good, alternative suppliers of research, maintaining IRRI’s niche, IRRI’s capacity
Resource allocation by projects
Application of priority setting methods in the CGIAR
Center: IITA
Level
Program
Purpose/Objective
PS Method Used
Criteria Outcome
Annual Plan
Scoring Six research demand criteria and seven research supply criteria
Ranking of research themes within projects
Application of priority setting methods in the CGIAR
Center: CIMMYT
Level
Program Ranking of research themes by ecological and geographical regions
Purpose/Objective
PS Method Used
Criteria Outcome
Congruency (a combined index of three criteria)
Efficiency, share of global poor, extent of subsistence cultivation
Application of priority setting methods in the CGIAR
Center: CIFOR
Listing of 9 centre projects and associated resource allocations
Level
Program
Purpose/Objective
PS Method Used
Criteria Outcome
Strategic review of mission and objectives
Consultation and peer review
Policy focus, partnership research, inter-disciplinarity
Application of priority setting methods in the CGIAR
Center: ICRISAT
Ranking of 32 Centre Projects (all falling in 10 Centre Outputs)
Level
Program
Purpose/Objective
PS Method Used
Criteria Outcome
Aligning centre objectives (MTP) with the new CGIAR paradigm
Scoring Researchability, alternative suppliers, comparative advantage, impact potential and practicality
Towards a framework for priority setting
1. GLOBAL - As the most urgent problem that must be resolved or the most promising opportunities that may be pursued to support the development of the agricultural sector.
2. REGIONAL - As the agenda of most important research strategies which will contribute to regional development.
3. As a series of prioritized research projects that contain clear estimates of resource requirements, identification of partners, and translation of the research strategy into concrete projects with outputs, purpose etc.
Structure of regional priority setting – some basic steps
1. Initiate regional planning 2. Develop bottom-up regional priority setting3. Development of an information database – idea generation4. Based on understanding of poverty, the vision for agricultural
research in the regions and ideas for research, regional research teams need to identify opportunities for regional research
5. Set regional priorities6. Elaborate research ideas into research strategy, define key
pillars of the strategy7. Translate research priorities into planning and resource
allocation decisions8. Reflect critically to improve action
Supporting the agenda to make the process work
Sources of fundingSupport regional representatives and regional/global teams to implement the regional /global agenda
Linking regional priorities to global priorities
Logframe
Research planning, priority setting and budgeting cycle
1. Develop a regional/global information database2. Generate ideas for regional/global research3. Present regional /global research issues4. Review regional/global research issues based
on outcome of mid-year review5. Set regional/global research priorities6. Translate research priorities into budgets7. Develop consolidated regional/global research
budget8. Regional/Global review9. Present regional priorities/regional projects for
global consolidation
Conclusions
Combining bottom-up demand driven approaches with top down supply driven approaches for priority settingFramework for integrating global, regional priority setting and budget processClarify linkages between research planning, priority setting and resource allocationProblem-based, impact driven research agenda
References
Alston, J., G. Norton and P. Pardey, (1995), Science under Scarcity: Principles and Practices for Agricultural Research Evaluation and Priority Setting. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press
Janssen, W., A. Kassam and A. de Janvry (2001), “A Regional Approach to Setting Research Priorities and Implementation: Towards Satisfying National, Regional and International Concerns?” TAC Secretariat.