BUILDING A CELLPHONE MICROSCOPE

PRESENTED BYPriyanka Guleria (B120030083)

Pushpinder Singh Sidhu (B120030085)

Rajat Chandel (B120030087)

Rajbir (B120030091)

CONTENTSIntroduction……Overview of benefits and limits……System design……Construction……Cellphone microscopic images……Uses……Different applications……Future work……Conclusion……References……

INTRODUCTIONToday, an estimated six billion cellphone

subscriptions exist worldwide with about 70% of those in developing countries.

Developing countries often suffer from a lack of access to adequate healthcare, which is due to the cost and training associated with high-tech scientific instruments required for medical analysis.

Thus, scientists present a low-cost portable microscope that uses a cellphone camera and a simple, secondary lens that is placed on top of the specimen.

Cellphone microscopes provide a unique opportunity to make disease diagnosis and healthcare accessible to everyone, even in remote and undeveloped parts of the world.

Starting in 2008, mobile computational photography has reached a tipping point and, largely due to the enabling capabilities of cellphone cameras, various approaches to cellphone microscopy have started to appear.

Cellphone microscope  enables visualization of samples, followed by capture, organization, and transmission of images critical for diagnosis.

OVERVIEW OF BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS Cost-effective: Only a single lens is required in

addition to a cellphone camera.So its cheap. Non-intrusive: setup does not require intrusive

modification of the phone. Flexibility: detached camera-lens configuration

allows any camera to be used for microscopy. Minimal computation: We do not require

extensive post-processing, as e.g. holographic approaches.

Computational illumination: Using a second cellphone display as the background illumination allows enhanced microscopic images to be captured.

Network connectivity. Potential to significantly contribute to the

technology available for global healthcare, particularly in the developing world and rural areas.

SYSTEM DESIGNOur cellphone camera consists of a specimen, an

objective lens, and a cellphone camera.The objective lens is mounted at its focal distance

to the specimen and acts as a lens for flat samples.

The camera is focused at infinity.The optical magnification M of the system is

independent of the distance between camera and sample; it only depends on the ratio of the focal lengths of camera and objective lens:

M = fc/fo

Due to our unique configuration, the camera can be freely moved around the objective lens so as to capture different viewpoints.

Our setup is much more legible by detaching the phone camera from the objective lens, thereby allowing any available cellphone to capture microscopic imagery.

It does no require any additional optical elements to be mounted on the camera itself.

CONSTRUCTIONInsert your objective lens in the rubber tube and

fix it.Use pieces of electrical tape to hold the lens in

place. Create a stand to light and hold a microscope slide.

The stand will enable you to keep the cell phone microscope as still as possible while testing it.

Use scissors to make two notches directly across from each other on the side and bottom of the paper tube.

To create the light source, strip off 1 cm of the plastic insulator with the wire stripper from both ends of the two lengths of electrical wire.

over the lighted specimen on the microscope stand.

Insert the flashlight bulb into the base with the battery.

Set the paper tube over the bulb so that the wires come through the notches.

Place the prepared microscope slide specimen on top of the paper tube so that the light is shining through it.

Turn on the cell phone microscope by activating the cell phone's camera function and place the iris of the cell phone microscope directly .

Place the prepared microscope slide specimen on top of the paper tube so that the light is shining through it.

Turn on the cell phone microscope by activating the cell phone's camera function and place the iris of the cell phone microscope directly over the lighted specimen on the microscope stand.

CELLPHONE MICROSCOPIC IMAGEScaptured by scientists in MIT Media Lab

PANORAMIC IMAGING.

Sample image

Diagnosis

Healthcare worker

Clinical expert

Patient

MOBILE MICROSCOPY

ABL

Hospital

WHY WE USED THE CONVEX LENSThe convex lenses can be used in magnifying

glasses. They are thicker in the centre than in the edges.Convex mirrors are used as streetlight reflectors

as they spread light over greater area.The focal length is positive, and is the distance at

which a beam of light will be focused to a single spot. 

USES AND APPLICATIONSUsed to examine blood samples in the field and

help spot some of the world's deadliest diseases.And uses the built-in camera to process the

images, allowing doctors to quickly screen for diseases including TB and sickle-cell.

Doctors can perform complex high-resolution light microscopy on a blood or sputum sample placed on a slide.

Used to see the more magnified images of the substance.

The microscope helps reveal intestinal worms in schoolchildren.

Scientists, engineers, and researchers use microscopes to get more information about the specimens they study.

Investigate the silt deposits in different regions of a stream using your cell phone microscope.

To measure the dimensions of small objects .Preparation of own microscope specimen slides.

FUTURE WORKResearch is going on for making it useful for

learning about the more sophisticated illuminations in future.

Planning for the diagnosis of other urine and blood diseases and classifying them , using cell microscopy.

Looking at other medical gadgets and trying to make them entirely digital , like this cellphone microscopy technique.

CONCLUSIONCellphones are widely available, especially in

developing parts of the world.These devices can be converted into scientific

instruments for microscopic imaging. Equipped with wireless network connections,

cellphones also allow the transmission of recorded data for remote analysis or statistical inference.

It has the potential to make disease diagnosis and screening accessible in parts of the world that have no adequate access to healthcare.

REFERENCEShttp://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/03/diy-cel

lphone-microscope/allafrica.com/stories/201304190125.htmlwww.scidev.net › Home › New Technologies › Newscellscope.berkeley.edu/www.technologyreview.comwww.smartplanet.com/blog/pure-genius/new-in-tele

medicine-the-cell-phone-microscope/4141 www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qcJySNLs84 scibuddy@sciencebuddies.org.