Hemoptysis

Amarendra B. Singh 09020126323rd Feb 2013

Hemoptysis Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood from

the respiratory tract(from alveoli to the glottis).

Epistaxis & Hematemesis

Classification Mild Massive

Mild If there is a small amount of blood, or sputum streaked with blood, the spitting is considered mild hemoptysis.

Massive Hemoptysis is considered massive, or major, when there is so much blood that it interrupts breathing (generally more than about 200-240 mL, or about 1 cup, in 24 hours).

Massive hemoptysis is a medical emergency.

VASCULAR ORIGIN OF HEMOPTYSIS

Blood traversing the lungs can arrive from Pulmonary arteries, or Bronchial arteries

Causes Infections Tumour Vascular disease Cardiac cause Immunological disorders Trauma Chronic airway inflammation Systemic bleeding disorders Iatrogenic

Infections

• Tuberculosis• Lung abscess• Fungal infections• Parasites• Bacterial/ viral

infections

Tumour

• Benign• Malignant

Vascular

• Pulmonary thromboembolism

• Rasmussen’s aneurysm

• A-V malformation

Cardiac

• Mitral stenosis

• Congenital heart disease

• Tricuspid endocarditis

Vasculitis

• Wegener’s granulomatosis

• Goodpasture’s syndrome

Trauma

• Inhaled foriegn body

• Chest trauma

Chronic airway inflammation

• Bronchiectasis

• Cystic fibrosis

Haematological

• Blood dyscrasias

• anticoagulants

Iatrogenic

• Bronchial biopsy

• Transthoracic lung biopsy

• Endotracheal tube intubation

• Tracheostomy