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A look at the settlement of Jamestown and its hardships with a focus on the acts of cannibalism that have been brought to light recently. It has been adapted from another previous presentation.
Citation preview
The Jamestown Settlement
Adapted from: http://www.slideshare.net/carlgreer/history-of-jamestown?qid=5903f209-ce4c-4e53-83c5-d8d01412b71f&v=default&b=&
from_search=3
King James IWas king of Scotland beginning in 1567Became king of England and Ireland in 1603Son of Mary, Queen of ScotsJames believed that colonies could prove
profitable to the CrownViewed North America as the most likely
place for settlementsOnly one problem…
The Treaty of Tordesillas
Virginia CompanyCollection of businessmen and investorsGranted a charter by King James I in 1606Charter was for 6 million acres (Vermont: 5.9
million square acres, Massachusetts: 5 million)
Purpose: To establish colonies in North America that would prove financially beneficial to the Crown
London and Plymouth Companies
Plymouth CompanyColony is placed at the mouth of Kennebec
River in Maine, near present day BathSurvives for one year before being
abandonedArea is ignored as a colonization target until
1620
Jamestown SettlementFirst colonists arrive April 1607104 men and boysCombination of gentry, military men,
craftsmen/ artisans, unskilled laborersUpon arrival, secret orders from the Virginia
Company listing who was in charge were opened. Mix of gentry and military men.
Jamestown: After the ArrivalAttacked by Algonquian Indians, led by
Powhatan, on first nightSought refuge onboard shipsConstruction of a fort begins after a monthAn Algonquian attack exposes vulnerabilities &
leads to construction of a second, stronger fortWhy did they settle at the Jamestown location?
1. Water depth (good for ships to access inland)
2. Defendable
Jamestown: After the Arrival (cont.)Captain Newport returns to England for
supplies one week after fort is finishedThe Colony started to slide towards
extinctionWhy?
Problems at JamestownFamineLess than 50% of population was still alive less
than six months laterLack of farmersLack of proper equipmentDisease
1. Typhoid (fever, usually caused by the ingestion of food or water contaminated by the feces of an infected person)
2. Dysentery (gastro infection that causes diarrhea and more, lack of nourishment)Indian attacks
Divine Intervention…or Pure Dumb Luck?Powhatan intervenesJanuary 1607: Captain Newport returnsBrings supplies AND 120 colonistsOnly 38 members from the original group are
still alive (36.5%)Colonists accidentally burn fort, spend winter
months living in the ruinsHigh death rate continues for decades
Jamestown (non)Survivability RateFirst colonists: 38 of 1041609: Population declines from 600 to 60 in
SIX MONTHS.WHAT HAPPENED? https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGQ5lFck191619-1622: Virginia Company sends 3570
people to Jamestown to join 700 already there. 3000 die.
1607-1625: Virginia Company sends 6000 people to Virginia. By 1625, only 1200 remain.
Jamestown Jane
Detail of cut marks found on the girl’s jaw, or lower mandible in a stereo-microscopic photo. (Smithsonian Institution / Don Hurlbert)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHGI50ebhA0
John Smith: Savior of JamestownAdventurer (aka: mercenary)Captured and sold as slave to Turkish
noblemanEscapes, returns to England. Joins Jamestown
expeditionClashes with shipmates, clapped in irons,
threatened with executionNamed by Virginia Company to Jamestown
Council
James Smith (cont.)Explores and maps VirginiaCaptured by Algonquians during exploring
tripDisappearance allows Captain Newport and
another colonist to assume control of colonySummer 1608: Leaves settlement to further
explore VirginiaReelected to the colony council in September
John Smith (cont.)Captain Newport returns to England (Fall
1608)Colony still struggling to surviveSmith emerges as leader of the settlementPressures PowhatanNo work, or food to eatNewport returns in 1609 with supplies and
colonistsSmith loses power struggle, departs colony
October 1609, dies in 1631
John RolfeDeparted England for Jamestown in May
1609Onboard is his pregnant wife, Sara Sea Venture was captained by Captain
Newport. John Smith’s angry letter to the Virginia
Company leads them to make their third supply mission their biggest and best equipped
John Rolfe (cont.)Rolfe and other survivors are shipwrecked for
9 monthsUsing the remains of the Sea Venture, the
survivors build two ships, Deliverance and Patience in May 1610
Rolfe’s wife and infant daughter die in Bermuda
John Rolfe (cont.)Does not begin growing tobacco until 1611By 1617, Virginia colony produces 20,000
pounds of tobacco annuallyIn 1618, tobacco exports jump to 40,000
poundsRolfe marries Pocahontas in 1614
End of the Virginia CompanyRolfe’s marriage to Pocahontas results in
uneasy peace between Algonquian and the English settlers
Death of Powhatan in 1618 ends peace1622: Slaughter of settlers by Indians. Loss
of more than 25% of the settlers resultsInvestigation by Crown places blame for
deaths of colonists on mismanagement
End of the Virginia Company(cont.)Charter is revokedVirginia colony survives. Why?
YearColonial Tobacco Imports
to England(includes Virginia from 1612
and Bermuda from 1615)
European Tobacco Imports to England
1616 2,300 52,673
1617 19,388 50,906
1618 41,728 42,871
1623 134,607 66,877
1624 202,962 63,497
A Counterblaste to TobaccoKing James hated the use of tobacco by
subjects. Forbids use of it in his presence.Issues a treatise in 1604“A custome lothsome to the eye, hatefull to the Nose, harmefull to the braine, dangerous to the Lungs, and in the blacke stinking fume thereof, neerest resembling the horrible Stigian smoke of the pit that is bottomelesse.”Due to its popularity and the ability to tax it, tobacco continued to be a cash crop for the British
1620: Women Arrive in Jamestown