In the name of Allah who is the most merciful and beneficient

Ahsan Akhtar

Ahsan Akhtar

Canada Local Government

• Present By:• Maha Khan 24• Ahsan Akhtar 02• Zia-ur-Rahman 66• Syed Waqar Hayder55

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Canada Key Facts• Population 34926664• Area 9984670 sq• Local Government Contribution to GDP 2.1%• Currency Canadian

dollar(CAD)• Head of State President• Head of Government Prime Minister• Form of Government Constitutional

monarchy• Parliamentary System Bicameral• State Structure Federal• Languages English and French

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• The Federal Government

• The Provincial Government

• The Local Government or Municipal Government

Government Structure

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Canada Government

Federal Provincial (10)\ Territory (03)

Parliament Senate

Parliament

Local Government

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• Citizen Ship• Criminal Law• Copyright• Employment Insurance• Foreign Policy• Money and Banking• National Defense• Regulation Of trade and

commerce• The Post Office• The Census

Department Under Federal Government

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• Administration Of Justice• Education• Hospitals• Natural Resources and Environment• Property and civil rights• Social Service

Department Under Provincial Government

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Canada’s constitution divides powers between the federal government and the ten provincial governments according to function. Municipalities are not recognized as a separate order of government but Section 92(8) of the Constitution Act 1867 gives the provinces exclusive powers to make laws in relation to ‘Municipal Institutions in the Province’. The powers of municipal governments are determined by the provincial government. Most Municipal governments are responsible for providing many of the services within their local boundaries that you rely on daily such as: 

Municipal Government

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Airports Ambulance Arts and Culture 

Economic Development 

Fire Services  Garbage Collection and Recycling 

Electric Utilities  Library Services  Maintenance of Local Road Network 

Parks and Recreation 

Public Transit  Planning New Community

Police Services  Property Assessment 

Public Health 

Snow Removal  Social Services  Social Housing  

Tax Collection  Water and Sewage  Community Development

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Power and Functions While many municipal governments have different functions to

others (urban vs. rural, etc.), and vary from province to province, most of the services and functions they perform are effectively the same. Functions of municipal governments can include:

• Management of the local policing and firefighting stations• Transportation, municipal governments may operate bus and train

services.• Education management or funding school boards• Planning and development• Responsible for administering industrial, residential and commercial

zones.• Finance and collecting municipality taxes• Public utilities and other services. Usually parks are taken care of by

the municipal government and occasionally sewerage, water, etc.

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Structure Of Local Government

• Local government is highly varied across Canada, differing across the state and relying on legislation from each province and territory for specific powers and areas of responsibility. The names given to local governments, such as city, village, town, urban or rural, in general reflect the type of area rather than powers or responsibilities, which are specific to each province or territory, making direct comparisons complex

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Ministerial Oversight• Provincial and territorial ministers with responsibility for local

government are responsible for local government legislation, as well as other local plans and programs, the amalgamation and restructuring of councils and the annexation of unincorporated land. These provincial and territorial ministers also have powers to intervene if a council is not operating in the interests of its residents and may, by order of the lieutenant governor, dismiss the council. Local government ministers also have powers to appoint a municipal administrator if a council does not fulfill its duties, and they can recommend that a municipality provides additional services.

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• Three provinces have a multi-tiered local government system, with a regional tier, while the other provinces and territories have a single-tier system. Provincial and territorial ministers with local government responsibilities oversee local government legislation.

• Under the ten provincial and three territorial governments are two supra-regional authorities (in Québec), 143 regional authorities and over 3,600 local governments.

Types of local Governments

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• Municipal Councils:

Municipal councils in Canada usually perform both legislative (enacting law) and executive (executing law) functions. In its legislative role, the council is responsible for developing and enacting municipal by-laws that govern local residents. In its executive role.

• Council Membership:

Municipal councils consist of political officials, usually

called councilors. These are elected office-holders who may either represent a particular geographical area of the municipality, or are elected at large in city-wide elections. In addition to councilors, councils also have a leader or head of council, usually referred to as a mayor.

Political Structure in Local Government

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• Councilors in single-tier and lower-tier governments are generally elected directly by the first-past-the-post system. Mayors may be directly or indirectly elected; those in single-tier councils or lower-tier councils are almost always directly elected. Members of upper-tier governments may be drawn from the mayors of lower-tier councils. Wardens in rural municipalities are almost always elected by the members of the council. Mayors, reeves or chairs of regional authorities are usually indirectly elected by members of the council; there are a few cases where they are directly elected.

• Women’s representation • Women represent 13.9% of mayors and 23.0% of councilors as of

March, 2010.14 There is however a wide variation across the different jurisdictions: in the three territories, women account for one quarter to three-fifths of all elected local government members.

Voting System

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• Municipal government is also characterized by important administrative structures, which are concerned with the municipality’s public service or bureaucracy. These structures vary widely from one municipality to another, due to local/provincial circumstances and choices. the public service may consist of thousands of employees divided into many departments, offices, and agencies. This section highlights some common bureaucratic styles in Canadian municipalities.

• Municipal Departments

Bureaucracies in Canadian municipalities are usually organized into various departments, each with specific public policy functions. Each of these departments will consist of public service employees with specific job descriptions and responsibilities. Moreover, there will be a department head or manager

Administrative Structure

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• Council Committee System

Many municipalities, predominantly those that are small and medium-sized, operate under some form of a Council Committee System, in which the municipal council establishes a series of committees to direct and control all of the municipal departments.

• Chief Administrative Officer System

appointed senior official (whom usually has strong credentials in city planning and management) will manage all of the municipal departments and their employees, and then provide reports and updates to the municipal council.

• Board of Commissioners System

where municipal council appoints a management board (or group) of three or four commissioners (one of whom becomes the chief commissioner). Each member of this management group is responsible for their own set of interrelated public policy fields and departments. The board then, collectively, reports to the municipal council on the administration of the entire municipal bureaucracy.

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Municipal governments in spend billions each year to provide the public services that meet the important needs of residents.

Major Heads of Expenses:• Transportation 20%• Protection 16%• Social Service & Health 15%• Environment (Water, Sewerage) 15% • Recreation and Culture 11%

Local Government Expenses

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• Property or Real estate Taxes• Permits and Licenses Fees.• Consumption Taxes (sale tax and gasoline surtax)• Public Transit Fare• Parks and Recreation fees.• Parking tickets• Fines

Local Government also receive large funding transfers form other levels of government. In particular their respective provincial government. These come in the form of General Purpose Transfer(which the local government may use for any purpose) or specific purpose transfers (which must be used for specific local service or capital projects)

Local Government Fund Source

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Provincial Minister

Mayor

Administrative Officer

Finance officer

Auditor

H.O.D H.O.D H.O.D H.O.D H.O.D H.O.D

Comities

Local Government Monitoring System

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Federal Provincial

Local

Local

• Participate Local Politics• Funding• Housing Policy• Transportation• Royal Canadian Police

• Act Created By Province • Alter Government

• Amalgamate Municipalities• Change Financial Structure

• Elect officials • Play Role in day to day

activities

International Council for local environmental Initiatives

Federation of Canadian Municipalities

Internal Government Relationship

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Thank You