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Understanding China’s Education System and Youth Culture
Kongli Liu
Assistant Director, U.S.-China Institute
Bryant University, Smithfield, RI
Lanzhou
Beijing
Snapshots of
U.S.-China Education Comparison and Exchanges
OECDProgram for International Student Assessment (PISA)
• Started in 1997• Assessed every 3 years• 15-year olds• Three key subjects: reading, math and science• Currently over 70 countries/regions participate
Source: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/
OECDProgram for International Student Assessment (PISA)
Chinese Students Studying in the U.S.
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
Chinese Students Studying in the U.S.
Source: IIE Open Door Report: http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/Open-Doors/Data
Chinese Students Studying in the U.S.
• Reasons
• Trend
1. Age
2. Diverse majors and areas
3. Diverse education background
“Tiger Mom”
Tiger Mom
Is it really about who’s superior?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GAel_qRfKx8
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaG9McaTVoI
Visualizing Chinese Education
• Urban vs. Rural
• Youth Culture
• Progress, Challenges & Future
National College Entrance Examination (Gaokao)
• Extremely competitive• Exam subjects (Chinese, Mathematics, Foreign
Language, Sciences or Social Studies) • Total score is the only admission criteria for over
95% of colleges• Extensive 3-day exams (June 7-9)• Provinces have autonomy on test contents• Admission rate: national (72%), urban (80-90%),
rural (30-40%)
National College Entrance Examination (Gaokao)
Pros and Cons
Emphasis on Math, Science, and English throughout PreK-12
• Mathematics (begins at age 3; by age 5 students are doing what American students learn in 2nd grade)
• English (begins by age 5 or 6 in many urban schools, becomes mandatory at 3rd grade)
• Elementary teachers are specialized in subjects (Chinese, math, English, etc.)
• At grade 10 or 11, students choose concentrations: sciences or humanities
Education Values
• Scholarship and academic achievement are highly valued in Chinese culture
• Education for personal cultivation, career advancement, family glory, and serving the country
• Every child can learn and it all depends on individual efforts
• Teachers enjoy relatively high social status• Teacher authority in classroom• Good teachers are not born, but trained.
“Chinese Idol” 2005
China Youth Culture
Online Videos:
China Daily: Post-80s Generation
http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/video/2010-12/23/content_11820151.htm
PBS Frontline: Young and Restless in Chinahttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/youngchina/
Resources
Thank you!
Questions?
Kongli LiuAssistant Director, U.S.-China Institute
Bryant University, Smithfield, [email protected]