www.ploughshares.ca .

© Allan Gichigi - IRIN www.ploughshares.ca .

Economic and social problems

are consistently and

repeatedly denied or ignored

© Julius Mwelu - IRINwww.ploughshares.ca .

Stage 1: Violent forms of struggle, aided by easy

access to small arms, are seen as the only option

© Julius Mwelu - IRINwww.ploughshares.ca .

Stage 2: also aided by an abundant supply of arms,

local authorities use military means to suppress dissent

© Julius Mwelu - IRINwww.ploughshares.ca .

The crisis escalates until options for effective action have

dramatically narrowed – prevention is no longer an option

UN Photowww.ploughshares.ca .

Stage 3: military intervention is seen as the only option

UN Photowww.ploughshares.ca .

Destruction caused by armed conflict worsens social and

economic conditions

© Allan Gichigi - IRINwww.ploughshares.ca .

bringing us back to the beginning

© Julius Mwelu - IRINwww.ploughshares.ca .

© Julius Mwelu - IRINwww.ploughshares.ca .

© Julius Mwelu - IRINwww.ploughshares.ca .

UN Photowww.ploughshares.ca .

© Allan Gichigi - IRINwww.ploughshares.ca .

© Allan Gichigi - IRINwww.ploughshares.ca .

© Manoocher Deghati - IRINwww.ploughshares.ca .

by pursuing a comprehensive approach to security, including:

Development

UN Photowww.ploughshares.ca .

Democracy

UN Photowww.ploughshares.ca .

Disarmament

© Kate Holt - IRINwww.ploughshares.ca .

Diplomacy

UN Photowww.ploughshares.ca .

and Defence