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http://www.conlinetraining.com/courses/oracle-database-online-training/
Database
• Introduction to Database Design Fundamentals
• Database Concept
• Information System
• History of Database
• What is the Database system ?
• Need of DBMS
• Overview of Database System
• An architecture of Database System
• Database Technology Trends
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Information System
• An information system (IS) refers to a collection of multiple pieces of
equipment involved in the dissemination of information. Hardware,
software, computer system connections and information, information
system users, and the system’s housing are all part of an IS.
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Management of information system
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Components of Information Systems
• While information systems may differ in how they are used
within an organization, they typically contain the following
components:
• Hardware
• Software
• Network
• Database
• Procedure
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Stages of Information System
• Stage 0: Manual Information System
• Stage 1: Sequential Information Systems
• Stage 2: File Based Information Systems
• Stage 3: DBMS based Information Systems
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Needs of Information System
• The File based system
• Limitations of file based system
• The Database Approach
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File based system
• File based is an early attempt for the manual filing system .
• This system is a collection of application programs that perform services for the user.
• Each program within a file based system defines and manages its own data
Accounts
Data
Production Data
HRData
Accounts
Department
HRMDepartm
ent
Production
Department
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Limitations of File System
• Separation and isolation of data
• Duplication of data
• Inconsistent Data
• Data dependence
• Incompatible File Formats
• Fixed Queries
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Difficulties with File System
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Database Approach
Solution
In overcome the limitations of a file system new approach was required .
Hence a database approach emerged . It contains not only the data but also the
complete definition of Database structure and constrains, which is necessary for the
complete system .
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What is Database System ?
Application
programEnd-user
DBMS
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History of Database system
• Ancient time
• 1960
• 1970-72
• 1970’s
• 1976
• 1980
• Early 1990
• Mid 1990’s
• Late 1990’s
• 2000’s
• 2003
• 2005
• 2008
• 2010
• 2012
• 2016
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Approaches are…..
• Reduction of redundancy
• Shared data
• Data independence
• Improved integrity
• Efficient data access
• Multiple users interface
• Improved security
• Improved backup and recovery
• Support for concurrent transactions
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Integrity
It should be consistent
It should be Reliable .
It should be accurate .
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Data Access
• The database stores the data
that is used by the application.
When the application needs to
access data, it does so through
the DBMS to the specific
underlying tables of choice.
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Recovery Data
• Data is the very important part
of organization so If the
computer system fails in the
middle of the update process, the
recovery subsystem is
responsible for making sure that
the database is restored to the
stage it was in before the
process started executing.
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Transactions
• The DBMS must include concurrency
control subsystems to ensure that
several users trying to update the
same data do so in a controlled
manner. The results of any updates to
the database must maintain
consistency and validity.
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DBMS Architecture
• DBMS architecture is the way in which the data in a database is viewed (or
represented to) by users. It helps you represent your data in an understandable
way to the users, by hiding the complex bits that deal with the working of the
system. Remember, DBMS architecture is not about how the DBMS software
operates or how it processes data
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Types of Architecture
Two tier architecture
The Two-tier architecture is divided into two parts:
1) Client Application (Client Tier)
2) Database (Data Tier)
3 tire architecture/n tire
The three-tire architecture is divided into hree parts :
1) Client layer
2) Business layer
3) Data layer
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Two and three Tire architecture
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Two tire
It is client server architecture
Run Faster
(tight coupled )
Direct communication
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Three tire
A 3-tier architecture separates its
tiers from each other based on the
complexity of the users and how
they use the data present in the
database. It is the most widely used
architecture to design a DBMS.
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Types of architecture
• Database architecture is logically divided into two types.
• Logical two-tier Client / Server architecture
• Logical three-tier Client / Server architecture
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Logical database architecture • The logical architecture describes
how data in the database is
perceived by users. It is not
concerned with how the data is
handled and processed by the DBM
S, but only with how it looks. The
method of data storage on the
underlying file system is not
revealed, and the users can
manipulate the data without
worrying about where it is located
or how it is actually stored. This
results in the database having
different levels of abstraction.
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Popular Database
• Nosql
• In memory
• Rdbms
• Columnar database
• Cloud based
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INMemoryThis system provide faster response then other in time slots and in performance.
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Components of Database
Major components
1. Data
2. Hardware & Software
3. User - 1)Application Programmer
2) End User
3) DBA(database administrator )
Functional Components
1) Query processor component
2) Storage manager component
3) Transaction Manager component
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