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Biology characteristics
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Section 1.1 What is Biology?
Biology• The study of Life
Bio logy (greek)
Life Study of
Characteristics of Living Things
• Biologists have formulated a list of characteristics by which we can recognize living things
Living Things
• What are some examples of living things?-Humans
-Plants
-bugs
●What about these things?Rocks, bicycles, books
All living things share some basic properties.All living things share some basic properties.
Cellular OrganizationCellular Organization
ReproductionReproduction
Metabolism (Obtain and Use Energy)Metabolism (Obtain and Use Energy)
HomeostasisHomeostasis
HeredityHeredity
ResponsivenessResponsiveness
Growth and DevelopmentGrowth and Development
Adapt Through EvolutionAdapt Through Evolution
Unicellular OrganismsUnicellular OrganismsEntire organism is made Entire organism is made up of one single cellup of one single cell
Bacteria and protistsBacteria and protists
Cells are basic structural units of life. Smallest unit capable of all life functions. Cells are basic structural units of life. Smallest unit capable of all life functions. Cells are the building blocks of all organisms = living things. Cells are the building blocks of all organisms = living things.
Two types of cells are:Two types of cells are:Multicellular OrganismsMulticellular Organisms
The organism is made up of The organism is made up of many cellsmany cells
Cells have specialized Cells have specialized functions within the organismfunctions within the organism
Cells
UniCellular
MultiCellular
Reproduction is the process of producing new organisms Reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same type. of the same type. Two types of reproductionTwo types of reproduction
Asexual ReproductionAsexual Reproduction
A single parent A single parent organism reproducing by organism reproducing by itselfitself
Sexual ReproductionSexual ReproductionTwo different parent Two different parent organisms contribute genetic organisms contribute genetic information information
Involves the combination Involves the combination of male and female sex cellsof male and female sex cells
Sexual: a new genetic combination
Living organisms need energy to grow, Living organisms need energy to grow, develop, repair damage, and reproducedevelop, repair damage, and reproduce
AnabolismAnabolism
The process of building up complex substances The process of building up complex substances from simpler substancesfrom simpler substances
Building up cells and cellular components
Photosynthesis
CatabolismCatabolism
The process of breaking down complex The process of breaking down complex substances into simpler substances to release substances into simpler substances to release energyenergy
DigestionDigestion
Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
MetabolismMetabolism
The total of all chemical reactions in The total of all chemical reactions in an organisman organism Anabolism + Catabolism = MetabolismAnabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism
A stable state of conditions in the body that A stable state of conditions in the body that are necessary for lifeare necessary for life
Body temperatureBody temperature
Blood volumeBlood volume
pH balancepH balance
Water balanceWater balance
Stable Interior
Even though exterior conditions are changing
Genes carry hereditary information
Genes are composed of DNA
Heredity is the reason children resemble their parents
Mutations change DNA code and can be passed from generation to generation
Organisms react to stimuli:Organisms react to stimuli:
LightLight
TemperatureTemperature
OdorOdor
Sound Sound
GravityGravity
HeatHeat
WaterWater
PressurePressure
An example is a plant’s An example is a plant’s leaves and stems growing leaves and stems growing toward lighttoward light
Growth means to get bigger in sizeGrowth means to get bigger in size
Development involves a change in the Development involves a change in the physical form or physiological make-up of physical form or physiological make-up of an organisman organism- An example would be how a
frog is conceived and born.
- A frog begins as a single cell in a fertilized egg and then grows into a tadpole and eventually into a fully grown frog.
Development
AdaptationAdaptation
A process that enables A process that enables organisms to become better organisms to become better suited to their environmentsuited to their environment
Species obtain adaptations Species obtain adaptations through through evolutionevolution over great over great periods of timeperiods of time
An Example of AdaptationAn Example of Adaptation
Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and stems to store water and reduce water lossstems to store water and reduce water loss
Living things adapt and evolve
Resources
http://www.firstschoolyears.com/science/resources/games/ourselves/living/living.htm (sorting)
http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.colt.lp_living/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvMBJZLEwFs&feature=related (movie)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uM_CgOgJGG0&feature=fvw (movie w/ song)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZ2FI50oecs&feature=related (note and voice)
