HistoryHistoryof of

AustraliaAustralia

StandardsStandards

SS6H8 The student will describe the culture and SS6H8 The student will describe the culture and development of Australia prior to contact with development of Australia prior to contact with Europeans. Europeans.

a. a. DescribeDescribe the the originsorigins and and cultureculture of the of the AboriginesAborigines. .

SS6H9 The student will explain the impact European SS6H9 The student will explain the impact European exploration and colonization had on Australia. exploration and colonization had on Australia.

a. a. ExplainExplain the the reasonsreasons for British for British colonizationcolonization of of Australia; include the use of Australia; include the use of prisonersprisoners as colonists. as colonists.

b. b. ExplainExplain the impact of the impact of European colonization European colonization of of Australia in terms of Australia in terms of diseasesdiseases and and weaponsweapons on the on the indigenous peoples of Australia. indigenous peoples of Australia.

AssessmentAssessment You will be creating a timeline on the You will be creating a timeline on the

History of Australia. History of Australia. Gather InformationGather Information….Slide shows, handout, ….Slide shows, handout,

and video clipsand video clips AnalyzeAnalyze……Determine what events are ……Determine what events are importantimportant and put them in (refer to your and put them in (refer to your standards to determine importance) standards to determine importance) and…..Create descriptions and illustrations for and…..Create descriptions and illustrations for you significant eventyou significant event

ProduceProduce….Timeline with dates, events, ….Timeline with dates, events, descriptions and illustrations.descriptions and illustrations.

AboriginesAborigines The indigenous The indigenous

peoples of Australiapeoples of Australia Based on studies done Based on studies done

by geographers on by geographers on language and other language and other elements the elements the Aborigines most likely Aborigines most likely came Asia and came Asia and migrated about 40,000 migrated about 40,000 years ago. (38,000 years ago. (38,000 BC)BC)

Nomadic - hunters and Nomadic - hunters and gathersgathers

Art of aborigines – rock painting symbolic of spiritual ancestors

Possessions of Aborigines – boomerangs, spears, tools of wood and stone for digging, cutting and carrying things

ht t ps: / / www. yout ube. com/ wat ch?v=sKMKhCW5Ni 8

Using the maps from the Greeks of Terra Australis Incognita (i.e. 200 AD) the Dutch set out to find a new place to live.

European Exploration: DutchEuropean Exploration: Dutch First Europeans to sail to Australia were the First Europeans to sail to Australia were the

Dutch (Netherlands) in 1606, but they didn’t Dutch (Netherlands) in 1606, but they didn’t settle theresettle there

The Dut ch made one The Dut ch made one l andi ng, wer e l andi ng, wer e at t acked by at t acked by Abor i gi nes, f ound Abor i gi nes, f ound ver y l i t t l e f r esh ver y l i t t l e f r esh wat er and no wat er and no f er t i l e l andf er t i l e l and

l ef t t her e mar k on l ef t t her e mar k on t he r egi on by t he r egi on by nami ng i t New nami ng i t New Hol l andHol l and

The BritishThe British

Captain James Cook - 1Captain James Cook - 1stst to survey Australia’s to survey Australia’s coast in 1770coast in 1770

made way through coral made way through coral reefs to reach mainlandreefs to reach mainland

Ignored the Aborigines Ignored the Aborigines living there & claimed the living there & claimed the land for England land for England

Cook named the area Cook named the area New South WalesNew South Wales

Prisoners as Colonists Prisoners as Colonists

American Revolution forced the British to American Revolution forced the British to stop sending prisoners to Georgia (used stop sending prisoners to Georgia (used as a as a prison colony prison colony at the time)at the time)

Great Britain had to start looking for Great Britain had to start looking for another place to send its prisoners…another place to send its prisoners…

Australia seemed like a good choice: no Australia seemed like a good choice: no chance of escape, no colonies around it, chance of escape, no colonies around it, and very few indigenous people lived and very few indigenous people lived there.there.

1788—FIRST FLEETBri t i sh pri soners ( debt ors) set t l ed i n Aust ral i a f rom Bri t ai n t o work out t hei r sent ence

http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3934600.htmhttp://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3934600.htm

Early Early Prison Prison

SettlementSettlement

Bui l t r oads and t owns

When t hey compl et ed t hei r sent ence some r et ur ned t o Br i t t i an, but most st ayed

New South WalesNew South Wales

1788 to 1832: New South Wales was 1788 to 1832: New South Wales was officially a prison colony consisting officially a prison colony consisting mainly of convicts, marines (guards), mainly of convicts, marines (guards), and their familiesand their families

Sheep IntroducedSheep Introduced Introduced in 1805 by retired British Introduced in 1805 by retired British

navy captain , John Macarthurnavy captain , John Macarthur

Became one of Australia's biggest Became one of Australia's biggest exportsexports

GOLDGOLD • In 1851, In 1851, Edward HargravesEdward Hargraves discovered a 'grain of gold' discovered a 'grain of gold' in a waterhole near in a waterhole near Bathurst.Bathurst.

• He was convinced there He was convinced there was gold in Australia was gold in Australia because is the geological because is the geological features where so similar features where so similar as that in the California as that in the California goldfields (from where he goldfields (from where he had just returned) had just returned)

• He was proved correct. He was proved correct.

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=1851+Gold+Rush+Australia&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=E73654BCFE6B811B04B2E73654BCFE6B811B04B2http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=1851+Gold+Rush+Australia&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=E73654BCFE6B811B04B2E73654BCFE6B811B04B2

Gold Gold RushRush

The discovery marked the beginning of the The discovery marked the beginning of the Australian gold rushes and a radical change in Australian gold rushes and a radical change in the economic and social fabric of the nation.the economic and social fabric of the nation.

gold was discovered in the interior of Australia gold was discovered in the interior of Australia and caused the west to growand caused the west to grow

Population GrowthPopulation Growth

The Perfect ColonyThe Perfect Colony

By 1868, many free immigrants were By 1868, many free immigrants were settling there. They built businesses, settling there. They built businesses, trading posts, farms, etc.trading posts, farms, etc.

Great Britain saw that Australia was a Great Britain saw that Australia was a good location to base its navy in the South good location to base its navy in the South Pacific Ocean. Its location would make it Pacific Ocean. Its location would make it possible for British ships to make repairs & possible for British ships to make repairs & get suppliesget supplies

Had many opportunities for trade with Asia Had many opportunities for trade with Asia and the Americasand the Americas

Ef f ect s Ef f ect s of of set t l ers set t l ers on on Abori gi nAbori gi nes es

l ands were t aken away by set t l ers

put up l i t t l e resi st anceweakened by west ern

di seases and breakdown of t ri bal t i es

Aborigines 1800-1900’sAborigines 1800-1900’s

Aborigines went through stages of being Aborigines went through stages of being conquered through an 'invasion' and conquered through an 'invasion' and taking of their lands. taking of their lands.

European settlers often separated European settlers often separated Aborigines from societyAborigines from society

Late 1800’s:Late 1800’s: remnants of the remnants of the tribes in the tribes in the settled settled areas were areas were moved onto Reservesmoved onto Reserves

They were forbidden from teaching their They were forbidden from teaching their children their language and customs. children their language and customs.

Population ExplosionPopulation Explosion A large-scale program of migration to Australia A large-scale program of migration to Australia

began at the end of World War II when millions of began at the end of World War II when millions of people in Europe were displaced from their people in Europe were displaced from their homelands. homelands.

During this time in Australia there was a desperate During this time in Australia there was a desperate shortage of labor and a growing belief that shortage of labor and a growing belief that substantial population growth was essential for the substantial population growth was essential for the country's future.country's future.

Australia encouraged migrants, including displaced Australia encouraged migrants, including displaced persons from war-torn Europe escaping widespread persons from war-torn Europe escaping widespread poverty and unemployment to come to Australia. poverty and unemployment to come to Australia.

Commonwealth of Australia Commonwealth of Australia Established January 1, 1901.Established January 1, 1901.

Major coastal Major coastal settlements became settlements became 7 independent 7 independent colonies government colonies government officials created officials created boundaries for the boundaries for the colonies that are still colonies that are still in place today…with in place today…with one additionone addition

" I ha v e p l a nn e d a c i t y t ha t i s n o t l i ke a ny o t he r i n t he wo r l d . I ha v e p l a nn e d i t n o t i n a wa y t ha t I e x p e c t e d a ny g o v e r nme nt a ut ho r i t i e s i n t he wo r l d wo ul d a c c e p t . I ha v e p l a nn e d a n i d e a l c i t y – a c i t y t ha t me e t s my i d e a l o f t he c i t y o f t he f ut ur e . "

•Canber r a was sel ect ed t o be t he nat i on' s capi t al i n 1908 as a compr omi se bet ween r i val s Sydney and Mel bour ne.• Wal t er Gr i f f i ns pl an f eat ur ed geomet r i c mot i f s such as ci r c l es, hexagons and t r i angl es, and was cent er ed ar ound axes al i gned wi t h s i gni f i cant t opogr aphi cal l andmar ks i n t he Aust r al i an Capi t al Ter r i t or y bui l t i n 1911

Australian Capital TerritoryAustralian Capital Territory

•Melbourne served as capital until Canberra was completed in 1927•The desi gn i ncor por at es si gni f i cant ar eas of nat ur al veget at i on t hat have ear ned Canber r a t he t i t l e of t he " bush capi t al “ . •The seat of t he gover nment of Aust r al i a, t he si t e of numer ous gover nment depar t ment s and agenci es

Capital City -- CanberraCapital City -- Canberra

ht t ps: / / yout u.be/ Uj J_8hNyTZY

Dur i ng t he 1900s, separ at i on was an of f i c i al gover nment pol i cy whi ch l ast ed f or many decadesToday, many Abor i gi nal peopl e do not know t hei r or i gi ns: whi ch t r i be t hey ar e descended f r om or t he names of t hei r par ent s and or gr andpar ent s. They ar e a l ost gener at i on.

Stolen GenerationsStolen Generations Many Indigenous children were forcibly taken Many Indigenous children were forcibly taken

away from their families in the name of away from their families in the name of assimilation during the 1950s and 1960s. These assimilation during the 1950s and 1960s. These children are known as the “Stolen Generations”. children are known as the “Stolen Generations”.

They were brought up in institutions or fostered They were brought up in institutions or fostered to non-Indigenous families. This removal was to non-Indigenous families. This removal was official government policy in Australia until 1969official government policy in Australia until 1969

By the 1980’s community groups spoke out that By the 1980’s community groups spoke out that governments' social welfare practices were governments' social welfare practices were discriminatory against Indigenous people. discriminatory against Indigenous people.

ht t ps: / / www. yout ube. com/ wat ch?v=_f NvEm8wl Pw

AboriginesAborigines

19671967: federal : federal government began to pass government began to pass legislation legislation to help the to help the AboriginesAborigines It was widely seen as affirmation of the Australian It was widely seen as affirmation of the Australian

people’s wish to see its government take direct action people’s wish to see its government take direct action to improve the living conditions of Aboriginesto improve the living conditions of Aborigines

In March, striking Aboriginal farmers changed In March, striking Aboriginal farmers changed political history by extending a demand for equal political history by extending a demand for equal wages to a declaration of their rights of wages to a declaration of their rights of ownership of traditional lands. ownership of traditional lands. This became one of Australia’s This became one of Australia’s first successful land first successful land

claims byclaims by its indigenous people. its indigenous people.

1976 Land Rights Act1976 Land Rights Act

The Aboriginal Land Rights Act is passed. It is a legal turning point for Aborigines, giving them the right to make claims on their ancestral land in the Northern Territory. Nine years later, Uluru is returned to Aborigines.

ht t ps: / / yout u.be/ 3U0Gcr cohHM

Australia Today…Australia Today…

1986: Australia Act -- all legal ties with the 1986: Australia Act -- all legal ties with the British Empire were severedBritish Empire were severed

Today, Australia is a parliamentary Today, Australia is a parliamentary democracy (constitutional monarchy) with democracy (constitutional monarchy) with Elizabeth II as queen, making Australia a Elizabeth II as queen, making Australia a Common WealthCommon Wealth

1999: remain a commonwealth, 55% of 1999: remain a commonwealth, 55% of voters rejected the idea of becoming an voters rejected the idea of becoming an independent republic.independent republic. ht t ps: / / www. yout ube

. com/ wat ch?v=xl 2H9kZi 8O8

National Sorry Day National Sorry Day May 26May 26thth (1998) (1998)

• An Aus t r a l i a - wi d e o b s e r v a nc e he l d e a c h y e a r . Thi s d a y g i v e s p e o p l e t he c ha nc e t o c o me t o g e t he r a nd s ha r e t he s t e p s t o wa r d s he a l i ng f o r t he St o l e n Ge n e r a t i o n s , t he i r f a mi l i e s a nd c o mmun i t i e s

• The day al so gi ves peopl e t he chance t o wr i t e messages and si gn “ sor r y books” as a way of showi ng t hei r commi t ment t owar ds r econci l i at i on.  

Summer OlympicsSummer Olympics

Cathy Freeman, the Cathy Freeman, the Australian athlete, had Australian athlete, had the honor of lighting the honor of lighting the Olympic Torch at the Olympic Torch at the Opening the Opening Ceremony in 2000. Ceremony in 2000. This Emotional This Emotional moment helped moment helped symbolize the desire symbolize the desire to reconcile with the to reconcile with the Aboriginal population.Aboriginal population.

Official ApologyOfficial Apology

On February 13, 2008 Prime Minister On February 13, 2008 Prime Minister Kevin Rudd apologized to Australia’s Kevin Rudd apologized to Australia’s Indigenous people for the laws and Indigenous people for the laws and policies that inflicted profound grief, policies that inflicted profound grief, suffering and loss. suffering and loss.

Your Task: Your Task: CREATE A TIMELINECREATE A TIMELINE

IncludeInclude 6 events with dates6 events with dates A description of each eventA description of each event An illustration to represent each eventAn illustration to represent each event

Turn in with RubricTurn in with Rubric Due _________________________Due _________________________

How to Use Timetoast:How to Use Timetoast:

Go to the site www.timetoast.com.Go to the site www.timetoast.com. Create an account.Create an account. Title your project: “History of Australia”.Title your project: “History of Australia”. Click “Add Event”. Type the title, choose Click “Add Event”. Type the title, choose

the date, write a description, & add an the date, write a description, & add an imageimage Use Google to find an image and save it to Use Google to find an image and save it to

your H: drive.your H: drive. Click on “Choose an Image” to insert your Click on “Choose an Image” to insert your

picturepicture