HistoryHistoryof of

AustraliaAustralia

StandardsStandards

SS6H8 The student will describe the culture and SS6H8 The student will describe the culture and development of Australia prior to contact with development of Australia prior to contact with Europeans. Europeans.

a. Describe the origins and culture of the Aborigines. a. Describe the origins and culture of the Aborigines.

  

SS6H9 The student will explain the impact European SS6H9 The student will explain the impact European exploration and colonization had on Australia. exploration and colonization had on Australia.

a. Explain the reasons for British colonization of Australia; a. Explain the reasons for British colonization of Australia; include the use of prisoners as colonists. include the use of prisoners as colonists.

b. Explain the impact of European colonization of Australia b. Explain the impact of European colonization of Australia in terms of diseases and weapons on the indigenous in terms of diseases and weapons on the indigenous peoples of Australia. peoples of Australia.

AssessmentAssessment You will be creating a timeline on the You will be creating a timeline on the

History of Australia. History of Australia. Gather InformationGather Information….Slide show and notes ….Slide show and notes

on handout “ Australia History: A Time Line”on handout “ Australia History: A Time Line” AnalyzeAnalyze……Determine what events are ……Determine what events are importantimportant and put them in (refer to your and put them in (refer to your standards to determine importance) standards to determine importance) and…..Create descriptions and illustrations for and…..Create descriptions and illustrations for you significant eventyou significant event

ProduceProduce….Timeline with dates, events, ….Timeline with dates, events, descriptions and illustrations.descriptions and illustrations.

Changes to HandoutChanges to Handout

Add these eventsAdd these events Australian ActAustralian Act Reject IndependenceReject Independence Tribes moved to ReservesTribes moved to Reserves

Add these datesAdd these dates 1830’s1830’s 19671967 19991999

AboriginesAborigines

The indigenous The indigenous peoples of Australiapeoples of Australia

Where did the Where did the Aborigines come from?Aborigines come from? Based on studies done Based on studies done

by geographers on by geographers on language and other language and other elements the elements the Aborigines most likely Aborigines most likely came Asia and came Asia and migrated about 60,000 migrated about 60,000 years ago.years ago.

Using the maps from the Greeks of Terra Australis Incognita (i.e. 200 AD) the Dutch set out to find a new place to live.

European Exploration: DutchEuropean Exploration: Dutch First Europeans to sail to Australia were the First Europeans to sail to Australia were the

Dutch (Netherlands) in 1606, but they didn’t Dutch (Netherlands) in 1606, but they didn’t settle theresettle there The Dutch made one landing, were attacked by The Dutch made one landing, were attacked by

Aborigines, and then abandoned further Aborigines, and then abandoned further exploration but they left there mark on the region exploration but they left there mark on the region by naming it New Hollandby naming it New Holland

European Exploration : BritishEuropean Exploration : British

1770: Captain James Cook sailed around 1770: Captain James Cook sailed around AustraliaAustralia Ignored the Aborigines living there & claimed Ignored the Aborigines living there & claimed

the land for England the land for England Cook named the area New South WalesCook named the area New South Wales

Sailors also mapped the Sailors also mapped the coast of eastern Australia & coast of eastern Australia & TasmaniaTasmania

Prisoners as Colonists Prisoners as Colonists

American Revolution forced the British to American Revolution forced the British to stop sending prisoners to Georgia (used stop sending prisoners to Georgia (used as a as a prison colony prison colony at the time)at the time) Great Britain had to start looking for another Great Britain had to start looking for another

place to send its prisoners…place to send its prisoners… Australia seemed like a good choice: no Australia seemed like a good choice: no

chance of escape, no colonies around it, chance of escape, no colonies around it, and very few indigenous people lived and very few indigenous people lived there.there.

1787 – British ships 1787 – British ships called the “First called the “First Fleet” left England Fleet” left England with convicts to with convicts to establish a prison establish a prison colonycolony

1788—British 1788—British prisoners settled in prisoners settled in AustraliaAustralia

Early Prison SettlementEarly Prison Settlement

New South WalesNew South Wales

1788 to 1832: New South Wales was officially a 1788 to 1832: New South Wales was officially a prison colony consisting mainly of convicts, prison colony consisting mainly of convicts, marines (guards), and their familiesmarines (guards), and their families

Transportation stopped in 1840 but Transportation stopped in 1840 but overcrowding in Britain caused it to start againovercrowding in Britain caused it to start again

Transportation of large numbers of convicts Transportation of large numbers of convicts stopped in 1853; small groups were still sent stopped in 1853; small groups were still sent until 1868until 1868

By this time, many free immigrants were settling By this time, many free immigrants were settling therethere They built businesses, trading posts, farms, etc.They built businesses, trading posts, farms, etc.

GOLDGOLD

In 1851, Edward Hargraves In 1851, Edward Hargraves discovered a 'grain of gold' in a discovered a 'grain of gold' in a waterhole near Bathurst.waterhole near Bathurst.Hargraves was convinced that Hargraves was convinced that the similarity in geological the similarity in geological features between Australia and features between Australia and the California goldfields (from the California goldfields (from where he had just returned) where he had just returned) boded well for the search of boded well for the search of gold in his homeland. He was gold in his homeland. He was proved correct. proved correct.

Gold Gold RushRush

The discovery marked the beginning of the The discovery marked the beginning of the Australian gold rushes and a radical change in Australian gold rushes and a radical change in the economic and social fabric of the nation.the economic and social fabric of the nation.

PopulationPopulationThe number of convicts pales in comparison to the The number of convicts pales in comparison to the immigrants who arrived in Australia in the 1851-1871 gold immigrants who arrived in Australia in the 1851-1871 gold rush. In 1852 alone, 370,000 immigrants arrived in Australia. rush. In 1852 alone, 370,000 immigrants arrived in Australia. By 1871 the total population had nearly quadrupled from By 1871 the total population had nearly quadrupled from 430,000 to 1.7 million people430,000 to 1.7 million people

Population ExplosionPopulation Explosion A large-scale program of migration to Australia began A large-scale program of migration to Australia began

at the end of World War II when millions of people in at the end of World War II when millions of people in Europe were displaced from their homelands. Europe were displaced from their homelands.

During this time in Australia there was a desperate During this time in Australia there was a desperate shortage of labor and a growing belief that substantial shortage of labor and a growing belief that substantial population growth was essential for the country's future.population growth was essential for the country's future.

These and other factors led to the creation of a federal These and other factors led to the creation of a federal immigration portfolio in 1945, more than seven million immigration portfolio in 1945, more than seven million people since its establishment in 1945. people since its establishment in 1945.

Population ExplosionPopulation Explosion The department reached agreements with other The department reached agreements with other

countries to encourage migrants, including displaced countries to encourage migrants, including displaced persons from war-torn Europe escaping widespread persons from war-torn Europe escaping widespread poverty and unemployment to come to Australia. poverty and unemployment to come to Australia.

By 1950, almost 200 000 people had arrived. One By 1950, almost 200 000 people had arrived. One million more migrants arrived in each of the following million more migrants arrived in each of the following four decades. four decades.

Today, approximately one in four of Australia's Today, approximately one in four of Australia's population of more than 22 million people was born population of more than 22 million people was born overseas.overseas.

The Perfect Colony…The Perfect Colony…

Great Britain saw that Australia was a Great Britain saw that Australia was a good location to base its navy in the South good location to base its navy in the South Pacific OceanPacific Ocean Its location would make it possible for British Its location would make it possible for British

ships to make repairs & get suppliesships to make repairs & get supplies Had many opportunities for trade with Asia Had many opportunities for trade with Asia

and the Americasand the Americas

Commonwealth of AustraliaCommonwealth of Australia Non-prisoner colonization continued…Non-prisoner colonization continued… Major coastal settlements became 7 Major coastal settlements became 7

independent coloniesindependent colonies 1861: government officials created 1861: government officials created

boundaries for the colonies that are still in boundaries for the colonies that are still in place todayplace today

January 1, 1901: the Commonwealth of January 1, 1901: the Commonwealth of Australia was established.Australia was established. Melbourne served as the national capital Melbourne served as the national capital

until Canberra was completed in 1927until Canberra was completed in 1927

"I have planned a city that is not like any other in the world. I have planned it not in a way that I expected any government authorities in the world would accept. I have planned an ideal city – a city that meets my ideal of the city of the future."

•Canberra was selected to be the nation's capital in 1908 as a compromise between rivals Sydney and Melbourne.• Walter Griffins plan featured geometric motifs such as circles, hexagons and triangles, and was centered around axes aligned with significant topographical landmarks in the Australian Capital Territory built in 1911

Capital City -- CanberraCapital City -- Canberra

•The design incorporates significant areas of natural vegetation that have earned Canberra the title of the "bush capital“. •As the seat of the government of Australia, Canberra is the site of Parliament House, the High Court and numerous government departments and agencies as well as many social and cultural institutions of national significance,

Capital City -- CanberraCapital City -- Canberra

AboriginesAborigines

Aborigines went through stages of being Aborigines went through stages of being conquered through an 'invasion' and taking of conquered through an 'invasion' and taking of their lands. their lands.

European settlers often separated Aborigines European settlers often separated Aborigines from societyfrom society Some were removed from their families and placed into Some were removed from their families and placed into

institutionsinstitutions Others were killed because they were seen as a Others were killed because they were seen as a

“nuisance”“nuisance” 1830s: remnants of the tribes in the settled 1830s: remnants of the tribes in the settled

areas were moved onto Reservesareas were moved onto Reserves They were forbidden from teaching their children their They were forbidden from teaching their children their

language and customs. language and customs.

During the 1900s, separation was an official government policy which lasted for many decadesToday, many Aboriginal people do not know their origins: which tribe they are descended from or the names of their parents and or grandparents. They are a lost generation.

AboriginesAborigines

1967: federal government began to pass 1967: federal government began to pass legislation to help the Aborigineslegislation to help the Aborigines It was widely seen as affirmation of the Australian It was widely seen as affirmation of the Australian

people’s wish to see its government take direct action people’s wish to see its government take direct action to improve the living conditions of Aboriginesto improve the living conditions of Aborigines

In March, striking Aboriginal farmers changed In March, striking Aboriginal farmers changed political history by extending a demand for equal political history by extending a demand for equal wages to a declaration of their rights of wages to a declaration of their rights of ownership of traditional lands. ownership of traditional lands. This became one of Australia’s first successful land This became one of Australia’s first successful land

claims by its indigenous people.claims by its indigenous people.

In this photograph In this photograph Mervyn Bishop captures Mervyn Bishop captures the moment when the the moment when the country is symbolically country is symbolically handed back to Vincent handed back to Vincent Lingiari, one of the Lingiari, one of the traditional land owners traditional land owners of Dagu Ragu (Wattie of Dagu Ragu (Wattie Creek), by the Prime Creek), by the Prime Minister of the day, Minister of the day, Gough Whitlam.Gough Whitlam.

Australia Today…Australia Today…

1986: Australia Act -- all legal ties with the 1986: Australia Act -- all legal ties with the British Empire were severedBritish Empire were severed

Today, Australia is a parliamentary Today, Australia is a parliamentary democracy (constitutional monarchy) with democracy (constitutional monarchy) with Elizabeth II as queenElizabeth II as queen

1999: 55% of voters rejected the idea of 1999: 55% of voters rejected the idea of becoming an independent becoming an independent republic.republic.

Summer OlympicsSummer Olympics

Cathy Freeman, the Cathy Freeman, the Australian athlete, had Australian athlete, had the honor of lighting the honor of lighting the Olympic Torch at the Olympic Torch at the Opening the Opening Ceremony in 2000. Ceremony in 2000. This Emotional This Emotional moment helped moment helped symbolize the desire symbolize the desire to reconcile with the to reconcile with the Aboriginal population.Aboriginal population.

Your Task: Your Task: CREATE A TIMELINECREATE A TIMELINE

IncludeInclude 6 events with dates6 events with dates A description of each eventA description of each event An illustration to represent each eventAn illustration to represent each event

Turn in with RubricTurn in with Rubric Due Wednesday May 15thDue Wednesday May 15th

Timeline Timeline RubricRubric

Category 4 3 2 1

Title and Name Title is Evident and clearly represents the TimeLine. Author’s name is on the back.

Title is visible and represents the TimeLine. Author’s name is on the back.

Title is visible and authors name included.

No title authors name may be missing.

Quality of content Included events are important and interesting. No major details are excluded. Descriptions are very detailed.

Most of the included events are important or interesting. Descriptions are detailed.

Some events included are trivial, and major events are missing. Descriptions are barley detailed.

Many major events are excluded, and too many trivial events are included. Descriptions are missing or not detailed.

Accuracy ofcontent

Facts are accurate for all events reported on the timeline.

Facts are accurate for almost all events reported on the timeline.

Facts are accurate for most (75%) of the events reported.

Facts are often inaccurate for events reported.

Sequence ofcontent

Events are placed in proper order.

Almost all events are placed in proper order.

Most (75%) of the events are placed in proper order.

Most events are incorrectly placed on the timeline.

Dates An accurate, complete date has been included for each event.

An accurate, complete date has been included for almost every event.

An accurate date has been included for almost every event.

Dates are inaccurate or missing for several events.

Mechanics Free of grammatical errors or typos.

Contains just one small grammatical error or typo.

Contains more than one grammatical error or typo.

Contains many errors.

Illustration Graphics and artwork are eye-catching! Graphics further aid reader in understanding event. Effort, care and pride are evident.

Graphics and artwork are appealing. Graphics aid reader in understanding event. Effort, care and pride are evident.

Graphics are not appropriate or does not aid reader in further understanding event. Some effort is evident.

Little evidence of graphics or inappropriate or irrelevant graphics. Lacks evidence of time and effort in this area.

Organization Timeline is easy to read and all elements are clearly written and drawn.

Timeline is easy to read and most elements are clearly written and drawn.

Timeline is somewhat easy to read and some elements are clearly written and drawn.

Timeline is hard to read and few elements are clearly written and drawn.

Use of Time Used time wisely. Used time wisely most of the time.

Used time wisely some of the time.

Wasted time in class.

6671136The comic

How to Use Timetoast:How to Use Timetoast:

Go to the site www.timetoast.com.Go to the site www.timetoast.com. Create an account.Create an account. Title your project: “History of Australia”.Title your project: “History of Australia”. Click “Add Event”. Type the title, choose the Click “Add Event”. Type the title, choose the

date, write a description, & add an imagedate, write a description, & add an image Use Google to find an image and save it to your Use Google to find an image and save it to your

H: drive.H: drive. Click on “Choose an Image” to insert your pictureClick on “Choose an Image” to insert your picture