THE ATOM

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Set-up Cornell Notes

How small is an atom? Three One-Hundred-Millionths of a

Centimeter!Measured using the unit “amu” (atomic mass unit)

What is an atom made of?

The NucleusProtons (Positive charged particles)

○ Neutrons (Neutral-no charge) Outside the Nucleus

Electrons (Negative charged particles)○ Found around the nucleus within electron clouds-

called orbitals*** Think about it: Why are the electrons to pulled into the nucleus?

What is an atom made of?

Particle Location Charge SizeProton In the nucleus + 1 amu

Neutron In the nucleus N/A (none) 1 amu

Electron Outside the nucleus

- 0 amu (almost no mass!)

How do we figure out how many protons, electrons and neutrons are in an atom?

Atomic # = number of electronsAtomic # = number of protonsAtomic mass – atomic # = Number of neutrons

*** Calculate the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in Carbon***

How are different elements created?○simply add protons, neutrons, and

electrons

○Adding protons = changing elements○Adding or subtracting electrons = ions○Adding or subtracting neutrons =

isotopes

○ https://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/isotopes/

What are the types of ions? Cation – positively charged ion

One or more electrons have been removed Anion – negatively charged ion

One or more electrons have been added

https://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/ions/

Summary: Reading your periodic table1. List two Noble gases.2. List two Non-metals.3. List two Metals4. What does the atomic mass represent?5. What does the atomic number

represent?6. Where are the noble gases?7. How many protons, electrons and

neutrons are in Li, O, C, Cl and Ar?