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Patterns of Racial & Ethnic RelationsProfessor Christine Monnier
What are patterns of racial & ethnic relations? Regular ways in which the dominant group treats the subordinate group(s):
AssimilationPATTERNS OF RACIAL / ETHNIC RELATIONS
Assimilation The process by which the minorities or subordinate groups take on the characteristics of the dominant group and are eventually accepted as part of it:
A + B + C = A
Conditions1. Large differences between dominant and subordinate groups;2. The dominant group refuses to accept minorities as equal;3. The minorities want to retain their own characteristics;4. The minorities are still concentrated rather than dispersed;5. The minorities are recent, with easy access to their homeland.
Levels of Assimilation - Cultural Cultural assimilation acculturation
Who? Minorities
Minorities take on the cultural characteristics of the dominant groups: Language; Customs; Clothing and appearance; Religion, etc.
Anglo-conformity
“Indian schools” (p.209)
Levels of Assimilation - Structural
Structural assimilation integration
Who? Dominant group
Minorities gain acceptance through all social institutions and their formal organizations.
Elimination of all forms of segregation (de jure / de facto).
Levels of Assimilation - StructuralElimination of all forms of discrimination (individual / institutional): Educational Economic / workplace Political / voting Health / health care Marriages / family Criminal justice Etc…
Affirmative Action
Levels of Assimilation - Biological
Biological assimilation amalgamation
Who? Dominant group
Removal of legal obstacles: anti-miscegenation law Interracial relationships / marriage bans
Obstacles in de facto residential segregation
More widespread in Mexico and Brazil than the US.
Levels of Assimilation - Psychological
Psychological assimilation
Who? Both
Change in racial and ethnic self-identification
Obstacles: Rejection by the dominant group More difficult if minority group members look
very different from the dominant group members.
Dominant group does not “see” its own ethnic identification
Biological
AssimilationIt is hard;
It is work;
It is not unilateral;
It requires as much from the dominant group as the minority;
It takes time;
Different groups assimilate at different paces.
Assimilation
Cultural Structural
PsychologicalBiological