Doctor of Agrarian Sciences

Professor, Academician of NAAS

Director National Scientific Center

«Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after

O.N. Sokolovsky», National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine

International Conference on Eurasian Food Security and Nutrition Network and

Eurasian Soil Partnership

Southernchernozem

Dark chestnut residual

alkaline soilChestnutsolonetzic

Solonetzeschestnut

Population – 46,6 million people

Total Lands - 60354,8 thousand ha (100 %)

Agricultural Purpose Lands - 42337,6 thousand ha (70,1 %)

Arable Lands - 32544,1 thousand ha (53,9 %)

Area of irrigated lands– 2194 thousand ha (3,5 %)

Area of the saline and solonetzic

lands– 2800 thousand ha (4,6 %)

Soil Area,

thousands

of the

hectares

In the national classification In the international

classification (WRB)

Podzolic chernozems Chernozems Albic 50,0

Typical chernozems Chernozems

Chernic

230,0

Ordinary chernozems Chernozems

Chernic

720,0

Southern chernozems Chernozems

Chernic

566,0

Meadow chernozems Phaeozems Haplic 99,0

Soddy-podzolic soils Albeluvisols Umbric 7,9

Light grey forest soils Albeluvisols Umbric 40,2

Dark grey podzolized soils Phaeozems Albic 26,0

Dark-chestnut soils Kastanozems Haplic 384,6

Chestnut solonetzic soils Kastanozems Luvic 10,0

Meadow-chestnut solonetzic

soils

Phaeozems Sodic 54,7

Chestnut solonetz Solonetz Humic 5,5

Total area 2193,9

Kind of soil degradation

Prevalence of soil (% from total area)

with degree of degradation

light middle strong total

Decreasing of humus and nutrients content 12 30 1 43

Soil overcompaction 10 28 1 39

Silting of soil and crustification 12 25 1 38

Water soil erosion 3 13 1 17

Acidification of soil 5 9 0 14

Swamping 6 6 2 14

Pollution of soils with radioactive nuclides 5 6 0,1 11,1

Wind soil erosion, loss of soil surface layer 1 9 1 11

Pollution of soils with pesticides ant other organic substances 2 7 0,3 9,3

Pollution of soils with heavy metals 0,5 7 0,5 8

Salinization, solonetzization and alcalination 1 3 0,1 4,1

Gully soil erosion 0 1 2 3

Side effect of water erosion (siltation of water storage and others) 1 1 1 3

Lowering of hanging surface level 0,05 0,15 0,15 0,35

Deformation of earth’s surface by wind 0,04 0,23 0,08 0,35

Aridization of soil 0,04 0,18 0 0,21

Regulatory and methodological

support

Soil qualityThe quality of irrigation water

(including drip irrigation)

Identification of the prevalence and

spatial assessment of the nature and

degree of the manifestations

of salinity and alkalinity processes

Diagnosis of consequences of the irrigation

effect and differentiation of irrigated and

adjacent lands on suitability for different

uses

Economic and environmental criteria

Assessing the manifestations of

degradation processes in soils

Soil fertility management

Ensuring sustainable land management

Legislatively Informational

• Land Code of Ukraine

• The Law of Ukraine "On

Lands Protection"

• The Law of Ukraine "On

the State Control of Use

and Protection of Lands"

• The Law of Ukraine "On

Modification of Acts of

Ukraine on Preservation

of Soils Fertility"

• Materials of large-scale

soil observation 1957-

1961

• Land Inventory Cadaster,

• materials of Agrochemical

Certification of agricultural-

purpose lands (10 туров)

• information on meliorative

status of irrigated and

drained lands, and data

from eco- melioration

monitoring

• data from scientific NAASU

and higher educational

institutions etc (databases,

register of field

experiments)

Diagnosis of the state (chemical, physical

and hydrological characteristics)

• Methods of salt

survey

• Methods of large-

scale soil survey

• Methods of soil

monitoring based on

European

approaches

Technological

• Technology of

chemical reclamation

of soil and irrigation

water

• Flushing

• Reclamation plantage

plowing

• Adaptive agriculture

National

standards of

Ukraine : more

then 300 DSTU

– 160 the

harmonized with

international

(DSTU ISO)

(DSTU EN,

DSTU CEN):

NATIONAL STANDARD OF

UKRAINE

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

QUALITY OF NATURAL WATER

UNDER IRRIGATION

AGRONOMY CRITERIA

DSTU 2730:2015

Kyiv

National standardization body

SE "UkrNDNC“

2015

In Ukraine there are used for irrigation:

Waters of I quality class (suitable) – on 45% irrigated lands;

Waters of II quality class (limited suitable) - 50%;

Waters of III quality class (unsuitable) - 5%.

Measures to improve quality of irrigation water of II and III class (on hazard

of salinization, alkalinization, alkalinity and toxic effects on plants,

according to DSTU 2730: 2015)

Ways to improveYield

increase, %

Increasing

economic

efficiency,%

1. Dilution with fresh-water 15 - 40 15 - 30

2. Use of ion exchange filters 10 - 30 10 - 20

3. Use of adsorbents 10 - 30 10 - 20

4. Acidification (application of inorganic and

organic acids)20 - 40 20 - 30

5. Chemigation (dissolving ameliorants in water) 15 - 35 15 - 25

6. Application of hydrolytically acid nontoxic salts 15 - 30 15 - 25

7. Treatment with electricity with further use for

irrigation of anolyte20 - 40 5 - 15

8. Application of stable suspensions of

compounds containing calcium carbonate10 - 30 10 - 20

9. Treatment of substances containing calcium

carbonate, with sulfuric acid with further

application of the mixture of products of chemical

reactions

10 - 30 10 - 20

10. Combination of methods for fresh water

dilution №2, or №3, or №4, or №5 20 - 40 15 - 25

НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ СТАНДАРТ

УКРАЇНИ

ЯКІСТЬ ҐРУНТУ

КРИТЕРІЇ ТА ПОКАЗНИКИ

ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЕКОЛОГО-

АГРОМЕЛІОРАТИВНОГО

СТАНУ ЗРОШУВАНИХ

ЗЕМЕЛЬ

ДСТУ 7848:2015

Київ

Національний орган стандартизації

ДП «УкрНДНЦ»

2015

MeasuresIncreasing crop

yields, %

Economic

efficiency,%

Installation of drainage systems 40 - 50 40 - 50

Leaching soils from salts 100 - 200 100 - 150

Improved fertilization system, including fertigation,

local fertilization, green manuring, the introduction

of microfertilizers, the use of local resources

60 - 70 40 - 50

Implementation of soil protection crop rotations 20 - 30 20 - 30

Chemical reclamation of irrigation water and soil 10 - 40 5 - 30

Reclamation plantage plowing 30 - 50 40 - 50

Innovative methods of irrigation (drip, etc.) 15 - 20 20 - 30

Water-saving and soil protecting irrigation regimes 5 -10 20 - 30

Soil conservation system of soil tillage 15 - 20 20 - 30

Refusal from certain types of fertilizer (alkali,

chlorine, etc.).15 - 20 20 - 30

Selection of crops resistant to adverse conditions 10 - 15 15 - 20

Phytomelioration 10 - 15 10 - 15

Detoxication 10 - 15 5 - 10

Withdrawal from irrigation 0 20 - 30

Withdrawal from arable land or agricultural use0 0

НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ СТАНДАРТ

УКРАЇНИ

ЯКІСТЬ ГРУНТУ

ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЯКОСТІ

ПРОВЕДЕННЯ

МЕЛІОРАТИВНОЇ

ПЛАНТАЖНОЇ ОРАНКИ

ДСТУ 7859:2015

Київ

Національний орган стандартизації

ДП «УкрНДНЦ»

2015

НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ СТАНДАРТ

УКРАЇНИ

ЯКІСТЬ ГРУНТУ

ПОРЯДОК ПРОВЕДЕННЯ

ХІМІЧНОЇ

МЕЛІОРАЦІЇ ПРИРОДНО

СОЛОНЦЕВИХ ТА ВТОРИННО

СОЛОНЦЮВАТИХ ГРУНТІВ

ДСТУ 7848:2015

Київ

Національний орган стандартизації

ДП «УкрНДНЦ»

2015

НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ СТАНДАРТ

УКРАЇНИ

ЯКІСТЬ ГРУНТУ

ОЦІНЮВАННЯ

ПРИДАТНОСТІ ЗЕМЕЛЬ ДЛЯ

ПРОВЕДЕННЯ

МЕЛІОРАТИВНОЇ

ПЛАНТАЖНОЇ ОРАНКИ

ДСТУ 5041:2008

Київ

Держспоживстандарт

2008

Solonetzes

chestnut

Solonetzes

chestnut

after

reclamation

plantage

plowing

Dark chestnut alkaline soils (irrigation)Landscape-adapted methods

for reclamation of solonetzes

█ renaturalisation

█ agrotechnical actions (non-irrigated

soils) or chemical reclamation (irrigated

soils)

█ reclamation plantage plowing

█ chemical reclamation

█ phytomelioration or chemical

reclamation

0

20

40

60

195619571960196219661968197019721973197519782003200720112014

Cro

p, k

g/h

a

Control (plowing to 25 cm) Plantage (plowing to 60 cm)

0

20

40

60

80

1967 1968 1972 1975 1977 1982 2003 2007 2011 2014C

rip

, kg/

ha

Control (plowing to 25 cm) Plantage (plowing to 60 cm)

Effect of chemical reclamation and рlantage plowing on crops productivity

Solonetzes chestnut

Category of barriers Description of barriers

Legal Imperfect legal framework for resource mobilization and the development of

incentive mechanisms. It should be the adoption of the Law on soil and its

fertility, the National Programme for the protection of soil, creating soil protection

service.

Financial Disadvantages of targeted funding for a broad implementation of practices for

sustainable land management. The lack of financial support for irrigation and

land reclamation

Normative The need for harmonization and improvement of methods of diagnosis,

classification and agroecological soil typology

Informational Revision, updating and digitization of cartographic materials, bringing them into

line with the requirements of FAO, WRB

Inventory of reclamation lands, the definition of quality and perspectives of

different areas of use.

Implementation of common databases and information systems. The re-

examination of soil monitoring and soil.

Organizational Insufficient contribution of science to the planning, management, decision-

making

Lack of awareness of the public and the private sector

Insufficient development of technology transfer mechanisms for stakeholders.

• Creating Soil Resources Center (the formation of databases and

information systems)

• Adoption and implementation of the National Programme for Soil

Conservation

• Adoption and implementation of state and regional programs of the

soil survey

• Carrying out environmental monitoring

Pillar I: Promote sustainable management of soil resources for soil protection, conservation and

sustainable productivity

• Evaluation of barriers and disadvantages that hinder the adoption of sustainable management of soil

resources at the national and regional levels

• Preparation of information and analytical review of existing in Ukraine approaches for sustainable soil

management

Pillar II: Encourage investment, technical cooperation, policy, education awareness and extension

in soil

• Providing ongoing professional development of young specialists, training, internships, consulting

services

• Participation in the development of capacity on the use of databases, soil monitoring, digital mapping of

soils

• Participation in the preparation of a series of informative soil publications

Pillar III: Promote targeted soil research and development focusing on identified gaps, priorities,

and synergies with related productive, environmental and social development actions

• Transfer of existing in Ukraine improved crop production technologies through sustainable land and soil

management

• Creation in Ukraine international demonstration and training center for new technologies of the effective

use of saline irrigated lands

• Participation in joint work on the development of common criteria for assessing the degradation

processes, the formation of networks and measurements of soil-monitoring programs

Pillar IV: Enhance the quantity and quality of soil data and information: data collection (generation),

analysis, validation, reporting, monitoring and integration with other disciplines

• Participation in joint work in compiling soil maps of general and special purpose, identifying negative

soil processes of natural or anthropogenic origin (hot spots), pedotransfer modeling, substantiation of

placing soil monitoring network.

• The organization at the Institute of Soil Research Center for monitoring, establishing a modern lab of

soil quality.

Pillar V: Harmonization of methods, measurements and indicators for the sustainable management

and protection of soil resources

• Development of the principles of harmonization of regulatory and methodological support for the

sustainable management and protection of soil resources

• Participation in the functioning of the working groups

• Creating a system of interstate standards for saline and alkaline soils for the Eurasian region

• Creating TC EASP on standardization of saline and alkaline soils