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Asia – From Greek word “Asu” (Rising Sun)- is the Earth's largest and most populous continent. (30% of Earth's land area and 61% planet's human population).
Location: Eastern and northern hemispheres.
Boundary of Asia:Being the biggest continent in the world, Asia includes 50 independent countries surrounded by the Arctic Ocean from the north, by the Pacific Ocean from the east and by the Indian Ocean from the south, it is separated from Africa by Suez Canal. The Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea separate Asia from Europe, its overland bordered by the Caucasus Mountains, the Caspian Sea, the Ural River and Ural Mountains. This boundary crosses through the territory of Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey, so these states are in both continents. Armenia and Cyprus geographically are in Asia, but politically and culturally they also are considered as a part of Europe.
List of countries in AsiaArmenia and Cyprus geographically are in Asia, but politically and culturally they also are considered as a part of Europe.The largest of the Asian countries by area is Russia, which occupies about 30% of the total territory of the continent. AAfghanistanArmeniaAzerbaijanBBahrainBangladeshBhutanBruneiCCambodiaChinaCyprusGGeorgia
IIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIsraelJJapanJordanKKazakhstanKuwaitKyrgyzstan
LLaosLebanonMMalaysiaMaldivesMongoliaMyanmar (Burma)NNepalNorth KoreaOOman
PPakistanPalestinePhilippinesQQatarRRussiaSSaudi ArabiaSingaporeSouth KoreaSri LankaSyria
TTaiwanTajikistanThailandTimor-LesteTurkeyTurkmenistanUUnited Arab EmiratesUzbekistanVVietnamYYemen
People in Asia1. Mongoloid
2. Caucasoid
3. Negroid
Top 10 Most Populous Countries1. China- 1,370,793,0002. India- 1,299,499,0003. Indonesia- 255,462,0004. Pakistan- 191,785,0005. Bangladesh- 158,762,0006. Japan- 126,891,0007. Philippines- 102,965,0008. Vietnam- 91,812,0009. Iran- 78,778,00010.Turkey- 78,214,000
Major Rivers in Asia Yangtze - 6,300 km - 3,915 miles (6,301 km) Yellow River (Huang He) - 5,464 km - 3,395 miles
(5,464 km) Mekong River - 4,909 km - 3,050 miles (4,910 km) Lena River - 4,400 km - 2,734 miles (4,400 km) Irtysh River - 4,248 km - 2,640 miles (4,250 km) Yenisei River - 4,090 km - 2,540 miles (4,090 km) Ob River - 3,650 km - 2,268 miles (3,650 km) Nizhnyaya Tunguska River - 2,989 km - 1,857 miles
(2,989 km) Indus River - 2,900 km - 1,800 miles (2,900 km) Brahmaputra River - 2,900 km - 1,800 miles (2,900 km) Amur River - 2,824 km - 1,755 miles (2,824 km) Salween River - 2,700 km - 1,749 miles (2,815 km) Euphrates River - 2,800 km - 1,740 miles (2,800 km)Ganges River - 2,510 km - 1,560 miles (2,510 km)
Yangtze China's Yangtze is the longest river in Asia, and the fourth longest in the world at 3,915 miles (6,301 km). The Yangtze drains one-fifth of the land area of the People's Republic of China and its river basin is home to one-third of China's population.
Yellow or Huang HoThe Yellow River is the second-longest river in China and the sixth longest in the world at 3,395 miles (5,464 km) in length. It's called "the cradle of Chinese civilization" as its basin – specifically, the Wei valley – was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilizations and the most prosperous region in early Chinese history.
Mekong The Mekong is the world's 10th-longest river and the 7th-longest in Asia. Its estimated length is 3,050 (4,909 km) and it provides inland transportation for the millions living along its banks, and tributaries
Lena The Lena is the easternmost of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Ob River and the Yenisei River). It is the 11th longest river in the world at 2,734 miles (4,400 km).
Ob The Ob is a major river in western Siberia, Russia. The Ob is used mostly for irrigation, drinking water, hydroelectric energy, and fishing. It's 2,268 miles (3,650 km) in length.
Indus The Indus River originates in Tibet and flows through India and Pakistan. It provides water resources for the economy of Pakistan - especially the Breadbasket of the southeast, which accounts for most of the nation's agricultural production. It is 1,800 miles (2,900 km) in length.
GangesThe Ganges is the most sacred river to Hindus and is also a lifeline to millions of Indians who live along its course and depend on it for their daily needs. It is 1,560 miles (2,510 km) in length.
Afghanistan- highways of ancient invadersArmenia- Historical Landmarks of Turkish AssaultAzerbaijan- Dreamland of Brave FightersBahrain- land between two seasBangladesh- land of the bengalisBhutan- land of the thunder dragonBrunei- richest nation in southeast asiaBurma (Myanmar)- land of the golden pagodasCambodia- land of the khmersChina (PRC)- Red Dragon of Asia/Sleeping GiantCyprus- fertile island of the mediterraneanEast Timor- Timor LesteGeorgia- wealthiest per capita of the former USSRIndia-birthplace of buddhism and hinduismIndonesia- largest archipelago in the worldIran- land of the great persianIraq- land between two riversempireIsrael- birthplace of christianity and judaismJapan- Land of the Rising SunJordan -Kingdom of JordanKazakhstan- land of a promising oil industryKuwait- landmark of the historical desert stormKyrgyzstan- north asia's mountainous countryLaos- land of a million elephantLebanon- harbringer of an ancient civilizationMalaysia- land of the indigenous malaysMaldives- tiny island of south asiaMongolia- Land of the HorsemenNepal- land of the great himalayan mountain rangeNorth Korea- Red Dragon of East AsiaOman- tiny kingdom of powerful monarchsPakistan- land born out of indiaPalestine- ?Philippines- pearl of the orient seas
Qatar-land of the largest oil reservesRussia-Land where the sun never risesSaudi Arabia birthplace of islamSingapore-land of shipbuildersSri Lanka-land of the jewelsSouth Korea -The Rising Industrialized Country of East AsiaSyria-land of saladenTaiwan (ROC)-Illah Formosa (Beautiful Island)Tajikistan-rebel state of the former soviet unionThailand-land of the freeTurkey-land of the ottoman turksTurkmenistan-land of turkish assaultUnited Arab Emiratesseat of the seven sheikdomsUzbekistan - center of ancient silk roadVietnam-tiny dragon of southeast asiaYemen-land of sheba
Regions in Asia
Western Asia
Eastern Asia
Northern Africa
SOUTHEAST ASIA
Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions (11 COUNTRIES): Maritime Southeast Asia, comprising Indonesia, East Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, East Timor, Brunei, and Christmas Island.Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as Indochina, comprising Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Vietnam, and West Malaysia
Brunei: Richest Nation in Southeast AsiaA tiny oil-rich sultanate on the island of Borneo. Officially the State of Brunei Darussalam or the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace. Brunei has the second highest Human Development Index among the South East Asian countries after Singapore, and is classified as a Developed Country. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Brunei is ranked 4th in the world by gross domestic product per capita at purchasing power parity.
Descriptive Name: Richest Nation in Southeast AsiaCapital: Bandar Seri BegawanPopulation: 400.000State religion: IslamLanguages: Bahasa MelayuCurrency: Brunei Dollar (BND)Landmark: Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque
Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque
Cambodia: Land of the KhmersCambodia is home to the Angkor Wat, the world’s largest religious building. The country is still recovering from decades of war and devastation under the Khmer Rouge. Cambodia was colonized by France in the mid-19th century, and gained independence in 1953. The Vietnam War extended into Cambodia, giving rise to the Khmer Rouge, which took Phnom Penh in 1975. After years of isolation, the war-ravaged nation was reunited under the monarchy in 1993. Cambodia is now quickly gaining reputation as a tourist destination. Rebuilding from decades of civil war, Cambodia has seen rapid progress in the economical and human resource areas. The country has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with economic growth growing an average 6.0% for the last 10 years.
Descriptive Name: Land of the KhmersCapital: Phnom PenhPopulation: 14.8 millionState religion: Theravada BuddhismLanguages: KhmerCurrency: Riel (KHR)Landmark: Angkor Wat
Angkor wat- is one of the most important archaeological sites in South-East Asia. Stretching over some 400 km2, including forested area, Angkor Archaeological Park contains the magnificent remains of the different capitals of the Khmer Empire, from the 9th to the 15th century. They include the famous Temple of Angkor Wat and, at Angkor Thom, the Bayon Temple with its countless sculptural decorations.
East Timor: Timor LesteOne of the world’s newest and poorest states, at the eastern tip of Timor. The country was colonized by Portugal (in the 16th century), but declared its independence in 1975. East Timor was subsequently invaded by Indonesia, and ruled as Indonesia’s 27th province until 1999. East Timor is the youngest state in Southeast Asia. East Timor became the first new sovereign state of the 21st century on May 20, 2002. East Timor is one of the only two Roman Catholic Southeast Asian countries, the other being the Philippines. The country continues to suffer the aftereffects of a decades-long independence struggle against Indonesia, which damaged infrastructure and displaced thousands of civilians.
Descriptive Name: Timor LesteCapital: DiliPopulation: 1 millionState religion: Roman CatholicLanguages: Tetum and PortugueseCurrency: US Dollar (USD)Landmark: Cristo Rei de Dili
Cristo Rei de DiliLocated at the eastern end of Dili is the 27 meter tall statue of Jesus, Cristo Rei de Dili (Christ the King of Dili). It was modeled on Rio de Janeiro’s Christ the Redeemer. The statue was opened by President Soeharto in 1996 and was given to the East Timorese people as a present to mark the 20th anniversary of the country’s integration with Indonesia. Now expats and locals flock to the statue in the early morning and evening for exercise. You too can pound (or walk) up the steps to get to the top of the statue.
Indonesia: Largest Archipelago in the WorldSoutheast Asia and the world’s largest archipelago: Over 240 million Indonesians inhabit over 18.000 islands, spanning three time zones. 300 languages are spoken, although the lingua franca Bahasa Indonesia, is spoken by almost everybody. Indonesia bore the grunt of over 350 years of colonization by the Dutch. Japanese occupation during World War II ended Dutch rule, but subsequently took over the reins, resulting in four million casualties as a result of famine and forced labor. Two days after the surrender of Japan in August 1945, Sukarno, an influential nationalist leader, declared independence and was appointed president. The Netherlands tried to reestablish their rule, and an armed and diplomatic struggle ended in December 1949, when in the face of international pressure, the Dutch formally recognized Indonesian independence. The island of Java is the most densely populated, its large, hectic cities attracting labor migrants from far and wide. Bali, the small Hinduistic island to the west of Java, is the main port of call for most tourists.Descriptive Name: Largest Archipelago in the WorldCapital: JakartaPopulation: 240 millionState religion: IslamLanguages: Bahasa IndonesiaCurrency: Indonesian Rupiah (RP)Landmark: Prambanan and Borobudur Temple Compounds
Prambanan Temple Compounds - Built in the 10th century, this is the largest temple compound dedicated to Shiva in Indonesia. Rising above the centre of the last of these concentric squares are three temples decorated with reliefs illustrating the epic of the Ramayana, dedicated to the three great Hindu divinities (Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma) and three temples dedicated to the animals who serve them.
Borobudur Temple Compounds- This famous Buddhist temple, dating from the 8th and 9th centuries, is located in central Java. It was built in three tiers: a pyramidal base with five concentric square terraces, the trunk of a cone with three circular platforms and, at the top, a monumental stupa. The walls and balustrades are decorated with fine low reliefs, covering a total surface area of 2,500 m2. Around the circular platforms are 72 openwork stupas, each containing a statue of the Buddha.
Laos: Land of a Million ElephantLaos is the forgotten, but growing, country of Southeast Asia, landlocked by Cambodia, China, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. It is a mountainous country that is becoming more and more popular on the backpacker trail. Laos traces its history to the Kingdom which existed from the 14th to the 18th century when it split into three separate kingdoms. In 1893, it became a French protectorate. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation, but returned to French rule until it was granted autonomy in 1949. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. Shortly after independence, a long civil war ended the monarchy, when the Communist Pathet Lao movement came to power in 1975.
Descriptive Name: Land of a Million ElephantCapital: VientianePopulation: 7 millionState religion: Theravada BuddhismLanguages: LaoCurrency: Kip (LAK)Landmark: Pha That Luang
Pha That Luang is a 16th century Buddhist stupa located in the Vientiane City, Laos. It was built by the Emperor Setthathirat in the 16th century on the remains of Khmer temple belonging to the 13th century. It is believed that the Khmer temple stands on a 3rd century temple which was built by Buddhist missionaries who were sent to this place by the Emperor Ashoka to house the relics of Buddha.In the 16th century the Emperor Setthathirat made the Vientiane City as the capital of Laos. In the year 1566 the construction of the Pha That Luang had begun and the entire complex was covered with golden leafs.
Malaysia: Land of the indigenous MalaysMalaysia is a multicultural country covering the skyscrapers of Kuala Lumpur and the jungle headhunters of Borneo. Malaysia spans a peninsular area bordered by Thailand in the north and two states (Sarawak and Sabah) on the island of Borneo, which it shares with Brunei and Indonesia. The large majority of the population (over 20 million) live on the Peninsula. Malaysia has its origins in the Malay Kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963, with si being added to give the new country the name Malaysia. However, less than two years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. Since independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with GDP growing an average 6.5% for almost 50 years.
Descriptive Name: Land of the indigenous MalaysCapital: Kuala LumpurPopulation: 28 millionState religion: IslamLanguages: Bahasa MelayuCurrency: Malaysian Ringgit (MYR)Landmark: Petronas Twin Towers
The Petronas Towers, also known as the Petronas Twin Towers, are twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Myanmar (Burma): Land of the Golden PagodasMyanmar/ Burma is the second largest country in Southeast Asia. Burma is probably the least known country in Southeast Asia. Thanks to decades of military dictatorship it is also the least developed country with a population of 60 million people. Burma is home to some of the early civilizations of Southeast Asia including the Pyu and the Mon. In the 19th century, following three Anglo-Burmese Wars, Burma was colonized by Britain. Since independence in 1948, the country has been in one of the longest running civil wars among the country’s myriad ethnic groups that remains unresolved. From 1962 to 2011, the country was under military rule. The military junta was dissolved in 2011 following a general election in 2010 and a civilian government installed. Burma is a resource rich country. However, since the reformations of 1962, the Burmese economy has become one of the least developed in the world. Burma’s GDP stands at $42.953 billion and grows at an average rate of 2.9% annually.
Descriptive Name: Land of the Golden PagodasCapital: Naypyidaw/Nay Pyi TawPopulation: 60 millionState religion: BuddhismLanguages: BurmeseCurrency: Kyat (MMK/K)
The Shwedagon Pagoda; officially named Shwedagon Zedi Daw and also known as the Great Dagon Pagoda and the Golden Pagoda, is a gilded stupa located in Yangon, Myanmar.
Pyu Ancient Cities- Pyu Ancient Cities includes the remains of three brick, walled and moated cities of Halin, Beikthano and Sri Ksetra located in vast irrigated landscapes in the dry zone of the Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) River basin. They reflect the Pyu Kingdoms that flourished for over 1,000 years between 200 BC and AD 900.
Philippines : Pearl of the Orient SeasThis Southeast Asian country is a unique fusion of the Asian traditions of hierarchy combined with the Spanish culture of romance and sophistication. It is the largest Christian nation in the region with over 7,107 islands and an estimated population of about 94 million people. Its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. The Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. The Philippines were ruled by Spain for over 300 years. In the 20th century, the Philippines in quick succession went through the Philippine Revolution which spawned the short-lived First Philippine Republic, the Spanish-American War, and the Philippine–American War. In the aftermath, the United States emerged as the dominant power. Aside from the period of Japanese occupation, the United States retained sovereignty over the islands until the end of World War II when the Philippines gained independence. Since independence the Philippines has had an often tumultuous experience with democracy, with popular “People Power” movements overthrowing a dictatorship in one instance but also underlining the institutional weaknesses of its constitutional republic in others.
Descriptive Name: Pearl of the Orient SeasCapital: ManilaPopulation: 94 millionReligion: Roman CatholicLanguages: Filipino (based on Tagalog) & EnglishCurrency: Peso (PHP)Landmarks:Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park, Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park
Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park- This park features a spectacular limestone karst landscape with an underground river. One of the river's distinguishing features is that it emerges directly into the sea, and its lower portion is subject to tidal influences. The area also represents a significant habitat for biodiversity conservation. The site contains a full 'mountain-to-sea' ecosystem and has some of the most important forests in Asia. It has also been designated as one of theNew7Wonders of Nature.
Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park- The Tubbataha Reef Marine Park covers 130,028 ha, including the North and South Reefs. It is a unique example of an atoll reef with a very high density of marine species; the North Islet serving as a nesting site for birds and marine turtles. The site is an excellent example of a pristine coral reef with a spectacular 100-m perpendicular wall, extensive lagoons and two coral islands.
Singapore: Land of ShipbuildersSingapore is a clean and orderly island-city state. Multicultural shopping paradise & gastronomic melting pot offset by stringent rules and regulations. Made up of 63 islands, Singapore is the smallest country in Southeast Asia, yet highly urbanized. Population is around 5 million, Chinese, Malay and Tamil are the official languages. Singapore had been a part of various local empires since it was first inhabited in the second century AD. Modern Singapore was founded as a trading post of the East India Company by Sir Stamford Raffles in 1819 with permission from the Sultanate of Johor. The British obtained full sovereignty over the island in 1824 and Singapore became one of the British Straits Settlements in 1826. Singapore was occupied by the Japanese in World War II and reverted to British rule after the war. It became internally self-governing in 1959. Singapore united with other former British territories to form Malaysia in 1963 and became a fully independent state two years later after separation from Malaysia.
Descriptive Name: Land of ShipbuildersCapital: SingaporePopulation: 5.2 millionReligion: Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, Taoism and Hinduism.Languages: English, Malay, Chinese, TamilCurrency: Singapore Dollar (SGD)Landmark: Merlion
The Merlion is the national personification of Singapore.Its name combines "mer" meaning the sea and "lion". The fish body represents Singapore's origin as a fishing village when it was called Temasek, which means "sea town" in Javanese. The lion head represents Singapore's original name—Singapura—meaning "lion city" or "kota singa".
Singapore Botanic Gardens- Situated at the heart of the city of Singapore, the site demonstrates the evolution of a British tropical colonial botanic garden that has become a modern world-class scientific institution used for both conservation and education. The cultural landscape includes a rich variety of historic features, plantings and buildings that demonstrate the development of the garden since its creation in 1859. It has been an important centre for science, research and plant conservation, notably in connection with the cultivation of rubber plantations, in Southeast Asia since 1875.
Thailand: Land of the FreeThailand is officially known as the Kingdom of Thailand, formerly known as Siam. The Land of Smiles with frenetic cities and chilled-out beaches, the most popular destination in the region with probably the most well established tourist infrastructure. Bangkok is a cosmopolitan city dotted with temples. The islands in the southeast and west are proven holidaymakers.
Descriptive Name: Land of the FreeCapital: BangkokPopulation: 64 millionState religion: BuddhismLanguages: ThaiCurrency: Thai Baht (TB)Landmark: Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex, Historic City of Ayutthaya
Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns- Sukhothai was the capital of the first Kingdom of Siam in the 13th and 14th centuries. It has a number of fine monuments, illustrating the beginnings of Thai architecture. The great civilization which evolved in the Kingdom of Sukhothai absorbed numerous influences and ancient local traditions; the rapid assimilation of all these elements forged what is known as the 'Sukhothai style'.
Historic City of Ayutthaya- Founded c. 1350, Ayutthaya became the second Siamese capital after Sukhothai. It was destroyed by the Burmese in the 18th century. Its remains, characterized by the prang (reliquary towers) and gigantic monasteries, give an idea of its past splendour.
Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex- The site is home to more than 800 species of fauna, including 112 mammal species (among them two species of gibbon), 392 bird species and 200 reptile and amphibian species. It is internationally important for the conservation of globally threatened and endangered mammal, bird and reptile species, among them 19 that are vulnerable, four that are endangered, and one that is critically endangered. The area contains substantial and important tropical forest ecosystems, which can provide a viable habitat for the long-term survival of these species.
Vietnam: Tiny Dragon of Southeast AsiaVietnam is firmly marching down the road to capitalism as one of the world’s fastest growing economies. One of the more popular tourist destinations in the area. Ho Chi Minh, Hanoi, wondrous scenery at Ha Long bay. Its gruesome past is displayed in museums and the countryside.
Descriptive Name: Tiny Dragon of Southeast AsiaCapital: HanoiPopulation: 90.5 millionState religion: noneLanguages: VietnameseCurrency: Vietnamese Dong (VND)Landmark: Ha Long Bay
Ha Long Bay is situated in north Vietnam round a 120 kilometer long coast line and is literally translated as “Bay of Descending Dragons”. The top tourist attraction in Vietnam, Ha Long Bay features thousands of islands, each topped with thick jungle vegetation, forming a spectacular seascape of limestone pillars. Several of the islands are hollow, with enormous caves, others islands include lakes and some support floating villages of fishermen.
