Apostila 2 units 5 and 6 pdf

Apostila 2 – Unidades 5 e 6 Prof. Alex e Prof. Renato

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At Greenheart Travel we are passionate about helping people reach their full potential through unforgettable experiences abroad. Whether you want to teach in the Republic of Georgia, spend a high school semester in Spain or volunteer with the Maasai tribe in East Africa, we'll help you get there.

Greenheart Travel is part of the Center for Cultural Interchange, an environmentally responsible

volunteer organization founded in 1985 to promote cultural unders tanding , academic development, environmental consciousness and world peace. As the leading eco-friendly exchange organization, Greenheart Travel envisions a sustainable world where cultural differences are celebrated and people are empowered to continually expand their hearts and minds.

(Fonte: <http://www.flyforgood.com/nonprofit.php?page_id=614>. 2011, UFSC.)

01) (UFSC) The text refers to a special non-profit organization whose missions and visions are:

A) to provide experiences abroad for people who work in the Center for Cultural Interchange.

B) to support cultural understanding so that people can expand their hearts and minds.

C) to imagine a sustainable world and to celebrate cultural diversity.

D) to help people to spend their money while traveling abroad.

E) to choose volunteers who are working in Spain, in Georgia and in East Africa.

Correct alternative(s) is(are):

01. only A and C. 02. only A, D and E.04. only E.08. A, B, C, D, E.16. only B.32. only D.64. only B and C.

02) (UFSC) According to the sentence Whether you want to teach in the Republic of Georgia, spend a high school semester in Spain or volunteer with the Maasai tribe in East Africa, we'll help you get there, it is correct to state that:

01. there is a limited set of volunteer work that people can do.

02. there are options among a range of possibilities that people can choose in Greenheart Travel.

04. only people from the Republic of Georgia, Spain and East Africa can attend the program.

08. every person can choose an appropriate option according to his/her preference.

16. Greenheart Travel has the potential to help people to get a variety of experiences abroad.

Greenheart Travel

Passionate – apaixonados Reach – alcançar Unforgettable – inesquecíveis Abroad – no exterior Interchange – intercâmbio Leading – líder Envisions – visionar Sustainable – sustentável Empowered - empoderadas

•  Abroad – overseas •  Reach – attain •  Help – aid •  Interchange – exchange •  Whether - if

Travel •  Trip •  Voyage •  Journey •  Tour •  Cruise •  Outing •  Excursion •  Expedition

To find, found – encontrar To found, founded – fundar To fund, funded - financiar

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(UEM-PR)

Water, water everywhere – but will there be enough to drink?Water is the most common

substance on Earth, covering more than 70 percent of the planet's surface1. Water constitutes two thirds of our own2 bodies.

But the abundance of water is an illusion.

Only a tiny3 fraction of the planet's water is drinkable4. Ninety seven percent is sea

water, which is expensive and difficult to desalinate5. About two percent is caught in polar ice caps. That leaves just 1 percent to sustain life in the next millennium.

Already, 26 countries are classified as water–stressed – meaning they don't have enough water to sustain agriculture and economic development6. A third

of Africans live without enough water, as do most in the Middle East.

[...]Perhaps nowhere in the world

is the tension of sharing water more serious than in the Middle East, where the shortage7 causes to tensions between nations.

[...]

(Siobhan Darrow)(Fonte: excerto do texto da revista Nature, 2000, UEM-PR)

Vocabulary

1) surface – _________________________________________________________________________________________

2) own – ____________________________________________________________________________________________

3) tiny – ____________________________________________________________________________________________

4) drinkable – ______________________________________________________________________________________

5) desalinate – ______________________________________________________________________________________

6) development – __________________________________________________________________________________

7) shortage – ________________________________________________________________________________________

03) (UEM-PR–adaptado) Assinale a(s) alternativa(s) correta(s) de acordo com o texto.

01. O título do texto expressa certeza em relação à abundância de água.02. O texto afirma que não há tanta água como se imagina.04. Apesar de toda a água do mundo, 26 países têm menos do que precisam.08. O texto afirma que haverá, certamente, água para todos nos próximos cem anos.16. Transformar a água do mar em água potável é oneroso.32. A água é a substância mais comum na terra.

04) Ainda segundo o texto:

01. Cerca de 75% de nosso corpo é constituído de água.02. No futuro, apenas 26 países poderão fornecer água para o resto do mundo.04. A maioria dos habitantes do Oriente Médio não tem água suficiente.08. O desenvolvimento de alguns países está afetado pela escassez de água.16. Países da África e do Oriente Médio estão em processo de desertificação

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Vocabulary

1) surface – _________________________________________________________________________________________

2) own – ____________________________________________________________________________________________

3) tiny – ____________________________________________________________________________________________

4) drinkable – ______________________________________________________________________________________

5) desalinate – ______________________________________________________________________________________

6) development – __________________________________________________________________________________

7) shortage – ________________________________________________________________________________________





Superfície Próprios Minúscula Potável Desalinizar Desenvolvimento Escassez, falta

Constitute •  Make up Tiny •  Puny •  Itsy-bitsy Shortage •  Scarcity •  Lack

Common •  Prevailing •  Prevalent •  General •  Regular •  Standard •  Trivial •  Typical

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[...]


Vocabulary

1) surface – _________________________________________________________________________________________

2) own – ____________________________________________________________________________________________

3) tiny – ____________________________________________________________________________________________

4) drinkable – ______________________________________________________________________________________

5) desalinate – ______________________________________________________________________________________

6) development – __________________________________________________________________________________

7) shortage – ________________________________________________________________________________________





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Conditionals Pages 4, 5 and 13

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08) Com base no texto,

a) luxo e ecoturismo estão em lados opostos, não podendo ser combinados.

b) os sacrifícios dos ecoturistas, como dormir em barracas, trazem melhor qualidade de vida.

c) os ecoturistas do tipo "duro" são os mais intensos e os únicos que aceitam correr riscos.

d) o tipo "brando" de ecoturista é o que mais cresce e exige luxo ecológico.

e) a tolerância é uma das características do ecoturismo.

09) O segmento looking for a challenge (l. 30-31) caracteriza os ecoturistas aventureiros e pode ser traduzido da seguinte forma:

a) no enfrentamento de um desafio.b) em busca de um desafio.c) olhando para um desafio.d) na espera de um desafio.e) parecendo um desafio.

07) No segmento being green does not mean a reduction in our quality life, it actually means an improvement in our quality life. (l. 40-42), a palavra sublinhada pode ser traduzida como:

a) "atualmente", e tem a função de localizar um acontecimento no tempo.b) "na verdade", e tem a função de indicar um contraste entre duas ideias.c) "recentemente", e tem a função de mostrar sequência entre dois acontecimentos.d) "de fato", e tem a função de comprovar um acontecimento.e) "realmente", e tem a função de concordar com o fato que foi dito antes do segmento.

Grammar focus

Conditional sentences

São orações geralmente interligadas pelas conjunções if (se) e unless (a menos que). Na língua inglesa existem três tipos comuns de sentenças condicionais.

Future possible

Unless we call her, Diana will miss the party.

They will take their books if you ask them.

HAGAR Dik Browne

Future Conditional (1st) If I see a handsome guy, I will keep it for

myself.

If you don’t have time, I won’t bother you.

If it doesn’t rain, maybe I’ll go surfing.

Present Conditional (2nd)

If he were here, he would help us.

If Zezinho ate all the cookies, he’d be sick now.

We wouldn’t show up if they didn’t invite us.

Past Conditional (3rd) If I had known about it, I would have done

something.

Tonya would have tried harder if she had met her opponents.

If I had studied more, I’d have gotten a better grade.

Exception – 3rd Conditional

If I were you, I’d do it differently.

(Present)

If I were you, I’d have done it differently.

(Past)

Action – Result (Zero)

If I sleep in the afternoon, I don’t sleep well at night.

If he watches his team on TV, he always shouts.

If my cat doesn’t eat, he meows until I wake up.

Invertion with Conditionals

Had I known this before, I would have told you

We’d have left earlier had it rained.

Were you here, she would talk to you.

Were it correct, I could think about it.

Unless

I will travel tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.

I will travel tomorrow unless it rains.

If Tom didn’t approve this, I wouldn’t do it.

Unless Tom approved this, I wouldn’t do it.

Let’s practice!

¤ Exercises 10 to 22 and 34 to 42!

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Simple conditional (unreal situation)

If I did the homework, I would have better grades.

People wouldn't care paying high income taxes if the government provided more health and education.

Atenção

Em sentenças condicionais, o verbo to be no passdao será sempre were, independentemente do sujeito.

If she were here, she would help us.

Challenge!

11) (UFSC) Choose the grammatically correct proposition(s) to complete the blanks in the following sentence:

If he __________ the basics of computers, he __________ a better student.

01. learns – will become02. understood – would become04. would know – was08. knew – would be16. studied – becomes32. will learn – becomes

12) Relacione as colunas a seguir, formando orações condicionais:

Just do it

10) Complete the following conditional sentences:

1) If we __________ (have) more water to drink, we will not suffer.2) We would not be in trouble if the abundance of water __________ (be) an illusion.3) Unless we __________ (desalinate) it, sea water will be useless for drinking.4) If there is more water, Africans __________ (live) in better conditions.5) People would die if water __________ (exhaust).

Coluna A

a) If I have time tomorrowb) Will you help mec) If you listen to him,d) If the police catch him,e) We'll go for a walk

Coluna B

( ) if I get into trouble?( ) he'll go to jail.( ) if it stops raining( ) I'll give you a ring( ) you will learn a lot

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Atenção



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13) (UEL-PR) If you don't go, __________ very angry.

a) I feelb) I amc) I wasd) I'll bee) I have been

14) If she needs more food, she __________ it.

a) will buyb) could buyc) would buyd) buys

15) (Fuvest-SP)

And if I ever catch you downloading dirty pictures from the Internet again, young man, I'll wash your mouse out with soap!

(Newsweek, april 10, 1995)

Qual seria o correspondente, no passado, de if I ever catch... I'll wash... ?

a) If I ever were to catch... I'll wash.b) If I ever caught... I'd wash.c) If I ever would catch... I washed.d) If I ever caught... I'd have washed.e) If I had ever caught... I would wash.

Just for fun

Todos nós sabemos que a água está sempre em contínuo deslocamento na terra, seja em forma líquida, como vapor ou gelo. O fato é, portanto, que a água está constantemente mudando sua forma. A terra nada mais é do que o "sistema fechado", como um viveiro – o que significa que nosso

planeta, em geral, nem ganha e nem perde muita matéria, incluindo a água. Pouquíssimo desaparece no espaço. Isso quer dizer que praticamente a mesma água que existia na terra há milhões de anos ainda está aqui. Graças ao ciclo da água ela está continuamente sendo reciclada no nosso globo terrestre .

É totalmente possível que a água que você bebeu no jantar de ontem já tenha sido usada para que a mamãe dinossaura banhasse seu filhinho.

A propósito, há uma teoria que afirma que muito da água que temos pode ter vindo de outros cometas que atingiram a terra nos últimos milhões de anos.

Apenas para seu conhecimento, leia o texto a seguir, que, além de informações interessantes sobre essa substância vital, também mostra onde se localizam as diversas porções de água no nosso planeta.

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Reading 4Reading 4

Water on and in the Earth

Distribution of Earth’s water

Fresh water 3%

Saline (oceans) 97%

Earth’s water

Other 0.9% Surfacewater0.3%

Ground water 30 %.1

Icaecaps and Glacier 68.7%s

Freshwater

Rivers 2%

Swamps 11%

Lakes 87%

Fresh surface water (liquid)

Where is Earth's water located and in what forms does it exist? You can see how water is distributed by viewing these bar charts. The left-side bar shows where the water on Earth exists; about 97 percent of all water is in the oceans. The middle bar represents the 3 percent of the "other" part of the left-side bar (that portion of all of Earth's water that is not in the oceans). Most, 77 percent, is locked up in glaciers and icecaps, mainly in Greenland and Antarctica, and in saline inland seas. Twenty-two percent of this portion of Earth's water is ground water. The right-side bar shows the

distribution of the "other" portion of the middle bar (the remaining one percent). Notice how rivers make up less than 4/10th of one percent of this remaining water – yet this is where we get most of the water for our everyday uses!

(Disponível em: <http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthwherewater>. Acesso em: 12 jan. 2014.)

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16) (Udesc) Choose the correct alternative:

Don't forget to take an umbrella if you __________ under a dark sky.

a) isb) arec) is notd) was born

17) (Vunesp) If senior citizens __________ more pessimistic toward technology, web developers and marketers __________ to emphasize two things: ease of use and value.

a) became – haveb) become – havec) became – would haved) became – will havee) became – had

18) Which is(are) the possible answer(s) to fulfill the sentence below?

If Mary __________ after drinking, she __________ an accident.

01. drives – probably has02. had driven – would probably had had04. drives – will probably have08. drove – would probably have16. had drove – would probably have had

19) Assinale a alternativa que preencha corretamente a lacuna da frase a seguir:

If he put it this way, everybody __________ with him.

a) would agreeb) should have agreedc) will agreed) would has agreede) agreeded

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20) If it rains, __________ at home.

a) I stayb) I stayedc) I'll stayd) I would staye) I stays

22) We __________ a new house if we __________ money.

a) would buy – hadb) will buy – hadc) buy – hasd) would bought – hade) would buy – would have

21) If Jane __________ here, she would know what to do.

a) beb) werec) wasn'td) ise) will be

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Grammar focus

Perfect conditional

If we had gone to the party last night, we would have seen him.

She wouldn't be injured if she had worn a seat belt when the accident happened.

Just do it

Challenge!

34) Choose the correct proposition(s):

01. If you had listened to me, you would have bought the tickets in advance, and now we would be able to see the play.

02. If you had gone to the movies, you would meet him.04. If you had worked harder, you would have been in

a better position today.08. I would have bought the picture yesterday, if I had

seen it before.16. Joe will see the show if it comes to town.32. If Paul were a real friend, he wouldn't have left us

behind.64. Unless Mike had known the truth, he would never

have noticed it.

36) Johnny would be happy if he __________ at the party.

a) had beenb) wasc) wered) will bee) is

35) (Vunesp) Candidates who get a poor result always regret:

If I studied more before sitting for the test, I __________ it.

a) would passb) passedc) have passedd) would have passede) had passed

37) (Mack-SP) Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sentence.

If you had taken my advice, you __________.

a) would learned the lesson.b) would have learnt the lesson.c) should learned the lesson.d) would learn the lesson.e) should understand the lesson.

38) If I had __________ harder, I __________ have __________ the Math test.

a) studied/would/failb) study/would/passedc) study/wouldn't/failedd) studied/wouldn't/failed

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Just for fun

Let's take good care of our teeht!

If everyone took care of their teeth, millions of people would benefit from it.

Below are seven practical tips for keeping your mouth looking and feeling healthy.

1) Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste;

2) Change your toothbrush every 2-3 months;

3) Cut down on the frequency of sugary foods and drinks;

4) Visit your dentist regularly;5) Floss at least once-a-day;6) Chew sugar-free gum after meals.

41) (AFA-RJ) My friend would still be living in New York if his father hadn't died in the countryside.

So you can come to a conclusion that he:

a) would live in New York if his father died.b) is taking care of his father in the countryside.c) still lives in New York and not in the

country now.d) lost his father in the countryside, not in

New York.

42) (PUC-PR) Select the best alternative to complete the sentences below:

I. If they __________ money, they will build a big house.

II. If you __________ out more, you would meet a few people.

III. If he __________ his restaurant, he would have got more customers.

IV. If she __________ so fast, she wouldn't have crashed her car.

V. If we __________ a car, we wouldn't have to spend all our time waiting for buses.

a) have; went; had cleaned; hadn't been driving; had

b) have; go; cleaned; wasn't driving; havec) had; went; was cleaned; hadn't driven; hasd) have had; have gone; had cleaned; hadn't

been driven; have hade) have; have gone; has cleaned; hadn't

driven; have


01. If we had come earlier we wouldn't have missed the train.

02. Unless Paul decides not to disturb us, we will have a good time next weekend.

04. She would be cured now if she had looked for a doctor.

08. If Joe had worked hard he would have been paid now.

16. Michael won't come unless we invite him.32. Close the windows if you feel cold.

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39) Leia a seguir o comentário publicado pela revista Newsweek.

He had lots of German in him. Some Irish. But no Jew. I think that if he ( I ) a little Jew he ( II ) it out. (Singer Courtney Love, on the suicide of her rock-star husband, Kurt Cobain.)

As lacunas (I) e (II) do comentário anterior devem ser preenchidas, respectivamente, por:

a) I – had had, II – would have stuckb) I – has had, II – would stickc) I – have had, II – had had stuckd) I – had had, II – had stucke) I – had, II – would stuck

40) __________ he __________ studied, he __________ have __________ his examination.

a) If/hasn't/would/pass b) If/had/wouldn't/passing c) If/hadn't/wouldn't/passed d) When/had/wouldn't/pass

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Education

Apostila 2 units 5 and 6 pdf