Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia

~ Characteristics ~ ~ Characteristics ~

MulticellularMulticellular

Eukaryotic with Eukaryotic with no cell wallsno cell walls

Heterotrophs (consumers) Heterotrophs (consumers)

~ Characteristics ~~ Characteristics ~ Have a nervous system to respond to their Have a nervous system to respond to their

environment environment

Locomotion relates to ability to obtain foodLocomotion relates to ability to obtain food

Most animals develop from a Most animals develop from a zygotezygote becoming abecoming a

A single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-A single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled space forming a hollow ball of cells filled space forming a hollow ball of cells called a called a gastrulagastrula.

~ Developmental Characteristics ~~ Developmental Characteristics ~ The gastrula isThe gastrula is made up of three parts:made up of three parts:

– EctodermEctoderm, a layer of cells on the outer surface a layer of cells on the outer surface of the of the gastrulagastrula,, grows and divides developing grows and divides developing into skin and nervous tissue.into skin and nervous tissue.

– EndodermEndoderm, a layer of cells lining the inner a layer of cells lining the inner surface of the surface of the gastrulagastrula,, develops into the develops into the lining of the animal’s digestive tract. lining of the animal’s digestive tract.

– MesodermMesoderm, made up of two layers of cells , made up of two layers of cells lying between the lying between the ectodermectoderm and and endodermendoderm, , forms muscles, reproductive organs and forms muscles, reproductive organs and circulatory vessels.circulatory vessels.

~ Developmental Characteristics ~~ Developmental Characteristics ~

Animals that develop a mouth from the Animals that develop a mouth from the indented space in the gastrula are indented space in the gastrula are protostomesprotostomes..

Animals that develop an anus from the Animals that develop an anus from the opening in the gastrula are opening in the gastrula are deuterostomesdeuterostomes..

~~ Body Plans ~Body Plans ~

Animals that are Animals that are irregularirregular in shape are in shape are asymmetricalasymmetrical..

Animals that are Animals that are regularregular in shape are in shape are symmetricalsymmetrical..

~ Body Plans ~~ Body Plans ~

An animal has An animal has radial symmetryradial symmetry if it if it can be divided along any plane, can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into equal through a central axis, into equal halves.halves.

An animal has An animal has bilateral symmetrybilateral symmetry if it if it can be divided down its length into can be divided down its length into similar right and left halves forming similar right and left halves forming mirror images of each other.mirror images of each other.

Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which has radial symmetry?Which has radial symmetry?

~ Body Plans ~~ Body Plans ~ AcoelomatesAcoelomates – animals have three cell – animals have three cell

layers with a digestive tract but no body layers with a digestive tract but no body cavities.cavities.

Pseudocoelomates Pseudocoelomates – animals with a fluid-– animals with a fluid-filled body cavity partly lined with filled body cavity partly lined with mesoderm. mesoderm.

CoelomatesCoelomates – animals with a body cavity – animals with a body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm.completely surrounded by mesoderm.

~ Protection and Support ~~ Protection and Support ~ Though not all animals have a skeleton, Though not all animals have a skeleton,

those that do can be divided into two those that do can be divided into two groups:groups:– Those with an Those with an exoskeletonexoskeleton – a hard, – a hard,

waxy coating on the outside of the body waxy coating on the outside of the body that protects internal organs, provides a that protects internal organs, provides a framework for support, and a place for framework for support, and a place for muscle attachment.muscle attachment.

– Those with an Those with an endoskeletonendoskeleton – support – support framework within the body that protects framework within the body that protects some organs and a brace for muscles to some organs and a brace for muscles to pull against.pull against.

~Invertebrates~~Invertebrates~ 8 main phyla8 main phyla

No backbonesNo backbones

95% of all animals are in this group95% of all animals are in this group

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~Phylum Porifera~

SpongesSponges

simplest form of animal lifesimplest form of animal life

live in waterlive in water

Do not move aroundDo not move around

no symmetryno symmetry

Pores (holes) all over bodyPores (holes) all over body

5000 species5000 species

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~Phylum Porifera~

Filter Feeders: a sponge filters particles of Filter Feeders: a sponge filters particles of food from water using collar cells and then food from water using collar cells and then pumps the water out the osculum.pumps the water out the osculum.

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~Phylum Porifera~

Examples: Tube Examples: Tube Sponge, Glass Sponge, Glass Sponge, Sea SpongeSponge, Sea Sponge

~Invertebrate~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~Phylum Cnidaria~

Live in waterLive in water

Most have tentaclesMost have tentacles

catch food with stinging cellscatch food with stinging cells

gut for digestinggut for digesting

~Invertebrate~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~Phylum Cnidaria~

2 different 2 different shapesshapes

Medusa - like a Medusa - like a jellyfishjellyfish

Polyp - like a Polyp - like a hydrahydra

~Invertebrate~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ Phylum Cnidaria~ Examples - Examples -

Jellyfish, Hydra, Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, sea anemones, and coralsand corals

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~Phylum Platyhelminthes ~

FlatwormsFlatworms

Flat, ribbon-like bodyFlat, ribbon-like body

Live in water or are parasitesLive in water or are parasites

bilateral symmetrybilateral symmetry

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~Phylum Platyhelminthes ~

Examples: Examples: PlanariaPlanaria

eyespots detect lighteyespots detect light

food and waste go food and waste go in and out the same in and out the same openingopening

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~Phylum Platyhelminthes ~

Examples: Examples: TapewormTapeworm

Parasite that Parasite that lives in intestines lives in intestines of host of host absorbing foodabsorbing food

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~Phylum Platyhelminthes ~

Examples: FlukeExamples: Fluke parasiteparasite

lives inside lives inside of hostof host

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ Nematoda ~

RoundwormsRoundworms

– Round, tubular bodyRound, tubular body

– small or microscopic small or microscopic

– bilateral symmetrybilateral symmetry

– have both a mouth and anushave both a mouth and anus

– Live in water or are parasitesLive in water or are parasites

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ Phylum Nematoda ~

Examples:Examples:– HookwormHookworm

– TrichinellaTrichinella

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Phylum Mollusca ~

Soft bodiesSoft bodies

Hard ShellsHard Shells

Live on land or in waterLive on land or in water

have a circulatory system and a complex have a circulatory system and a complex nervous system.nervous system.

Important food source for humansImportant food source for humans

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Phylum Mollusca ~

Class Class GastropodaGastropoda

– snails and slugssnails and slugs

– may have 1 shellmay have 1 shell

– stomach-footed - stomach-footed - move on stomachmove on stomach

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Phylum Mollusca ~

Class BivalvesClass Bivalves

– 2 shells hinged 2 shells hinged togethertogether

– clams, oystersclams, oysters, ,

scallops and scallops and musselsmussels

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Mollusca ~

Class CephalopodsClass Cephalopods

– squids and octopusessquids and octopuses

– internal mantelinternal mantel

~Invertebrate~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~ Phylum Annelida ~

– Segemented wormsSegemented worms

– Body divided into Body divided into segments(sections)segments(sections)

– Live in water or Live in water or undergroundunderground

– have a nervous and circulatory systemhave a nervous and circulatory system

~Invertebrate~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~ Phylum Annelida ~

Class EarthwormsClass Earthworms

eat soil and eat soil and breakdown breakdown organic matter, organic matter, wastes provide wastes provide nutrients to soilnutrients to soil

~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~

Class bristleworms Class bristleworms

~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~

Class leechesClass leeches

parasites that feed on blood of other animalsparasites that feed on blood of other animals

~InvertebratePhylum Echinodermata ~

Hard, spiny skinHard, spiny skin

Live in salt waterLive in salt water

Radial symmetryRadial symmetry

name means ‘spiney skinned’name means ‘spiney skinned’

endoskeletonendoskeleton

~InvertebratePhylum Echinodermata ~

Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumberand sea cucumber

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~

Body divided into sections/segmentsBody divided into sections/segments

Exoskeleton Exoskeleton

Jointed legsJointed legs

well developed nervous systemwell developed nervous system

largest group of organisms on earthlargest group of organisms on earth

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Phylum Arthropoda ~

3 subphylums:3 subphylums:

Classified into classes according to the Classified into classes according to the number of legs, eyes and antennae they number of legs, eyes and antennae they have. have.

SubphylumSubphylum Chil icerataChil icerata is divided into 3 classes is divided into 3 classes

Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites

Merostomata – horseshoe crabs – horseshoe crabs

Pycnogonida – sea spiders – sea spiders

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~Phylum Arthropoda ~

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata

Class – Class – ArachnidaArachnida

no antennaeno antennae

4 pairs of legs4 pairs of legs

2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomen2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomen

spiders, scorpions, mites & ticksspiders, scorpions, mites & ticks

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata

Class Class Merostomata

Horseshoe crabsHorseshoe crabs– Ancient group of species Ancient group of species

– Changed little over 350 million years Changed little over 350 million years

– Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf coasts of United States.coasts of United States.

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata

Class Class Pycnogonida– Sea spiderSea spider

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Arthropoda ~ Subphylum - CrustaceaSubphylum - Crustacea

5 Classes5 Classes Aquatic ones have gillsAquatic ones have gills

2 antennae2 antennae

2 body regions or segmented2 body regions or segmented

Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopodsisopods

Many species taste delicious in butterMany species taste delicious in butter

Subphylum Subphylum UniramiaUniramia : 3 classes: 3 classes

Class Class Insecta Insecta (insects) (insects)

Class Class ChilopodaChilopoda (Centipedes) (Centipedes)

Class Class DiplopodaDiplopoda (Millipedes) (Millipedes)

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Arthropoda ~ Subphylum UniramiaSubphylum Uniramia

Class Class InsectaInsecta

no antennaeno antennae

3 pairs of legs3 pairs of legs

2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomen2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomen

grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, beesgrasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum UniramiaSubphylum Uniramia

Class Class Diplopoda

Millipedes Millipedes

segmented animalssegmented animals Have 2 pairs of legs per segment Have 2 pairs of legs per segment

Primarily herbivores & decomposersPrimarily herbivores & decomposers

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Arthropoda ~ Subphylum UniramiaSubphylum Uniramia

Class Class Chiopoda

Centipedes Usually terrestrial carnivores Centipedes Usually terrestrial carnivores

Have 1 pair of antennae Have 1 pair of antennae

Are often poisonous, using modified front Are often poisonous, using modified front claws to immobilize prey claws to immobilize prey

~ Phylum Chordata ~ ~ Phylum Chordata ~ subphylumsubphylum VertebrataVertebrata

5 classes5 classesFish Fish

MammalsMammals

ReptilesReptiles

AmphibiansAmphibians

BirdsBirds