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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE HEART STRUCTURE OF FISH, REPTILE, AND HUMAN
FISH
4 chambers arrange in series
- 2 primary and 2 auxillary
- 1 atria / 1 ventricle
- contract in sequence
REPTILE
5 chambered heart- 2 atria and 3
interconnected ventricular compartments.
- cavum venosum -leads to systemic aortas
- cavum pulmonale -leads to pulmonary artery
-cavum arteriosum -cavity at base of pulmonary vein
HUMAN
4 chambers
- 2 atria and 2 ventricles separated by intraventricular septum.
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN HEART OF FISH, REPTILE, AND HUMAN
Myogenic
-cardiomyocytes produce spontaneous rhytmic depolarizations
-do not require nerve signal
Cardiomyocytes are electrically coupled via gap junctions to ensure coordinated contractions
-action potential passes directly from cell to cell
Pacemaker
-characterized by a lack of a resting membrane potential
-cell with fastest intrinsic rhythm
-in the sinus venosus in fish
-in the right atrium of the vertebrates
-sinoatrial (SA) node
FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD CELLS (HEMATOCYTE)
Transport oxygen bound to hemoglobin molecules and also transport small amount of carbon dioxide.
Form a protective, movable army that help defend the body against damage by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and tumor cells.
Allergic response and attack parasites.
-Kill parasitic warms.
-Increase during allergy attacks (might phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and inactivate some inflammatory chemicals
Needed for normal blood clotting
-initiate clotting cascade by clinging to broken area (help to control blood loss from broken blood vessels).
Attack infections, virus, and early stage cancer
-part of immune system
(B lymphocytes : produce antibodies)
(T lymphocytes : involved in graph rejection, fighting tumors and viruses, and activating B lymphocytes)