Android Software

INTRODUCTION TO ANDROID

• Open source under the Apache license.• Fast application development in Java.• Powered by Linux operating system.• An Open Handset Alliance (OHA) project.

WHAT IS ANDROID

Android is a software stack – OS, Middleware, Applications.

It is an operating system based on the Linux kernel and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet.

It is open source Google Product.

It is developed by Google

Android Mobiles & Tablets

Sony Smartphones

Samsung Smartphones

Nexus Smartphone

Micromax Smartphone

Karbonn Tablet Micromax Tablet Samsung Tablet

History of android Android Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, United States.

Developed by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Cris White – October 2003

Google acquired Android Inc. August 2005 .

Android is a Open Handset Alliance (OHA) project.

Google lunched android version in the alphabetical order such as Cupcake, Donut , Eclair , Froyo , Gingerbread , Honeycomb , Ice Cream Sandwich , Jelly Bean and KitKat which is latest released version.

OHA(Open Handset Alliance)

It is a large group of Companies.

Architecture of AndroidAndroid operating system is a stack of software components which is roughly divided into five sections and four main layers as shown below in the architecture diagram.

Linux kernel This provides basic system functionality like process management, memory

management, device management like camera, keypad, display etc.

Libraries It is this layer that enables the device to handle different types of data

Android Runtime The Android runtime also provides a set of core libraries which enable

Android application developers to write Android applications using standard Java programming language

Application Framework The Application Framework layer provides many higher-level services to

applications in the form of Java classes. Application developers are allowed to make use of these services in their applications.

Applications You will find all the Android application at the top layer. You will write your

application to be installed on this layer only. Examples of such applications are Contacts Books, Browser, Games etc.

Android versions

Android Alpha :

Android Alpha was released before the Android beta was released in November 2007.

The green Android logo was designed by Irina Blok.

Android Beta :

The Android beta was released on 5 November 2007. After that the software development kit (SDK) was released on 12 November 2007. Android beta will generally have many more problems on speed and performance.

Pre-commercial release versions (2007–2008) :

Version based on API level : An application programming interface (API) specifies how some software components should

interact with each other. API can be used to easy work with graphical user interface components.

Version 1.0 and 1.1 : Android 1.0 was released on 23 September 2008 . This version mainly oriented for business and work purposes. The android version 1.1 is released was released in 9 February 2009. Android 1.1 featured mostly bug fixes and updates, and was the first ever software update

for Android.

Android version 1.5 (Cupcakes) : It was Released on April 30, 2009. This was the first release to officially use a codename based

on a dessert item ("Cupcake")

Android version 1.6 (Donut) : Android 1.6 launched in 15 Sept 2009, was also known as

Donut. It contains several new updates including text-to-speech

technology. Faster OS boot times and fast web browsing experience.

Android version 2.0/2.1 (Eclair) : Android 2.0 was released in 26 October 2009. Bluetooth 2.1 support for faster file transfers. Improved typing speed on virtual keyboard, with smarter

dictionary.

Android version 2.2–2.2.3 (Froyo) : Android 2.2 was released in 20 May 2010. Added Features like USB Tethering and Portable Wi-Fi Hotspot. Users can disable data access. Support for Adobe Flash 10.1

Android version 2.3- 2.3.7 (Gingerbread) : Released on December 6, 2010. Updated User Interface with high efficiency and speed. One touch word selection and copy/paste. New keyboard for faster word input.

Android version 3.0- 3.2 (Honeycomb) : Released on February 22, 2011. Support for multi-core processors. Ability to encrypt all user data. This version of android is only available for tablets.

Android 4.0- 4.0.4 (IceCreamSandwich(ICS)) : Released on November 14, 2011. Virtual button in the UI. Ability to shut down apps that are using data in the background.

Android 4.1- 4.3(JellyBean) :Released on June 27, 2012.

Android 4.4 (Kitkat ): Google has just Released on Oct. 31,2013 that Android 4.4 will be

named Kitkat.

It is the latest version of Android.

Further security enhancements and bug fixes.

Project Butter made this latest update, faster, smoother and more responsive interface.

advantages of android phones Update latest version of android. Supports all Google services. Easy in terms of notification. Install ROM modification. USB full facilities. Multitasking.

disAdvantage’s of android phones

Battery backup is reduced. Chances of malware. Hangs a lot. Internet connection is important. Over heats.

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