An Integral Approach to Organizing, Indexing, and Linking Resilience Knowledge

Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015

An Integral Approach to Organizing, Indexing, and Linking Resilience Knowledge

Johnny Thomas, MSEE, MBA

PhD Student, Research Associate Arizona State University Sustainable Engineering

Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 2

Loma Prieta, 17 Oct. 1989, 7.1M

� 63 deaths � 3,757 injured � $6B property damage


New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin

Coast Guard Commandant Thad Allen

President George Bush

(Larry Downing / Reuters-Corbis, 2011)

� 1,833 died � 200 Civil servants AWOL � 25 Officers leave high stress areas � 2 Officers commit suicide � Poor leadership & judgment � Criminal behavior


(Larry Downing / Reuters-Corbis, 2011)

Hurricane Katrina: a resilience failure

“as if no one was in control” (Westrum, 2005)


� 8,460 dead, >16,000 injured � ~1M children needing urgent care � 8M people impacted

5

Nepal, 25 April & 12 May 2014

7.8M / 7.3M


The number of events is increasing!

(TISP, 2015)


(Gall, Borden, Emrich, & Cutter, 2011)

Losses ~$108B

Per Capita Losses >$350

Hur

rica

ne K

atri

na

(TISP, 2015)

>Losses


Presidential Policy Directive (PPD-21)

“U.S. efforts shall address the security and resilience…” (The White House, 2013)

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National Infrastructure Protection Plan 2013

Directs national policy among Federal agencies (U.S. Homeland Security, 2013)


>3,700 Peer Reviewed Journal Articles with Resilience in the Title

9

(Baggio, Brown, & Hellebrandt, 2015)



An Integral Approach

Ability to hold multiple simultaneous perspectives without marginalizing or diminishing one over another


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(Wilber, 2000)


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Subjective, “I” 1st person

Inter-subjective, “WE” 2nd person

Objective, “IT” 3rd person (singular)

Inter-objective, “ITS” 3rd person (plural)

Experience Behavior

Culture Systems

Holon: object, subject, or

unit of inquiry

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(Wilber, 2000)


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An Integral Perspective of

Resilience Research

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(Wilber, 2000)


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Resilience Epistemology

Inde

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(Wilber, 2000)


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Individual resilient capacity indicators

Group resilient capacity indicators

Individual resilient process indicators

Group / system resilient process indicators

Psychology & Phenomenology

Behavior, actions & Physicality

Culture & Worldviews

Social, Ecological & Technical Systems

Resilience Epistemology

Inde

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(Wilber, 2000)


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Zone 1

Zone 3

Zone 5

Zone 7

Zone 2 Zone 6

Zone 4 Zone 8

Inde

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(Wilber, 2000)


Icon Zone Domain Methods & Techniques

1 Experience Self-report, narrative, journaling

2 Experience Psychometrics (cognition, conation), observation

3 Culture Hermeneutics, interviews, role-playing, improv

4 Culture Ethnomethodology, moral & worldview analysis

5 Behavior Autopoiesis, modeling of cognitive & visual systems

6 Behavior SAAL, surveys, exams, empirical data collection

7 Systems System autopoiesis, network nodes (send / receive)

8 Systems SAAL, systems monitoring, modeling & analysis

Resilience Epistemological Index

Integral Approach (Esbjörn-Hargens, 2010; Wilber 2001) Inde

xing


A content-free framework

for organizing, indexing, and linking resilience knowledge.

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Inte

gral

App

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[email protected]

WeWorldNetworks.com

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Thank You!


Back-up Slides

22

Afternoon resilience summit


What is resilience?

Capacity to absorb shock, return to homeostasis (stable state) or re-organize (Reid & Botteril, 2013)

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Basic construct interpreted among disciplines


Engineering Resilience

�  Time to return to steady state (Holling, 1996)

�  Complex adaptive system-continuous adjustment (Pendall, Foster, & Cowell, 2009)

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Objects, devices & technical systems


Human Resilience

�  Ability to tolerate stress amid extreme adversity

(Zautra, Hall, & Murray, 2010)

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People as individuals, groups, and organizations


• Moral reasoning (Kumpfer, 1995; Stokols, Lejano, & Hipp, 2013)


Cha

lleng

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9/11

Hur

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(TISP, 2015)


Four ways to see the world (Ontology)

�  Simultaneous perspectives, co-arising, tetra-mesh �  Co-nascent & mutually implicated in one another

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Four ways the world can be seen (Epistemology)

Object or Subject of inquiry

Integral Approach (Esbjörn-Hargens, 2010; Wilber 2001)


Zones 2 & 4

Zones 6 & 8


Human Resilience Capacities

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Table 1 Human Resilience Capacities (Connor, 2006; Olsson et al., 2003) Cognitive Social / Emotional Behavioral Ability to adapt to change Coping1 Action-oriented approach Ability to view change / stress as a challenge

Faith1 Ability to perceive / demonstrate the strengthening effect of stress

Ability to use past successes to confront current challenges

Hope

Engaging the support of others

Balanced perspective on experience Optimism Rebounding Enduring set of values Patience Secure attachments to others Fortitude, conviction, tenacity, & resolve Self-efficacy1 Tolerance of negative effect Internal locus of control1 Self-esteem Personal or collective goals1 Sense of humor Sense of meaningfulness !


Human Development (Richardson, 2002) (Brown & Westaway, 2011) Sociology (Norris & Stevens, 2007) (Keck & Sakdapolrak, 2013)

Biology & Health (Garcia-dia et al., 2013) Neuroscience (Feder, Nestler, & Charney, 2009)

Human Development (Masten, 2001) (Unger et al., 2013) Management & Organization (Luthans, 2002) (Davy, Smith, Lating, 2011)

Human Resilience

Psychiatry (Connor & Davidson, 2003) (Herrman & Stewart, 2011) Psychology (Bonanno, 2004) (Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004)

Experience Behavior

Culture Systems



(NOAA, 2005)


•  How can we organize the vast array of resilience knowledge without marginalizing perspectives?

•  How can we index resilience epistemologies and methods? •  How can we link resilience research perspectives and

knowledge claims to strengthen and inform research projects?

Research Questions


Integration Challenges

�  Different methods for different perspectives (Esbjörn-Hargens, 2007)

�  No linkage for perspectives in disparate disciplines: engineering & psychology

�  Result: confusion & misinterpretations among disciplines (Brand & Jax, 2007)

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Human Development (Ungar, Ghazinour, & Richter, 2013)

Ecology & Sustainability (Walker et al., 2004), (Redman, 2014)

Engineering (Woods & Branlat, 2010)

Management & Organization (Luthans, 2002)

Sociology (Cutter, 2006)

Biology & Health (Garcia-dia et al., 2013) Neuroscience (Feder et al., 2009)

Human Development (Richardson, 2002) (Brown & Westaway, 2011) Sociology (Norris & Stevens, 2007) (Keck & Sakdapolrak, 2013)

Psychiatry (Connor & Davidson, 2003) (Folkman & Moskowitz, 2004) Psychology (Bonanno, 2004), (Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004)

Org

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Integral Theory: a content-free lens

‘Interior & Exterior

of Individual & Collective’

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References

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18(1). •  The White House. (2013). Presidential Policy Directive/PPD-21. •  Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient Individuals Use Positive Emotions to Bounce Back from Negative Emotional Experiences. Journal of

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Nepal Statistics: http://www.mercycorps.org/articles/nepal/quick-facts-what-you-need-know-about-nepal-earthquake White House Photo: http://pixshark.com/situation-room-west-wing.htm