Alcoholism

Presented by:Group 4

What is Alcoholism?

Kinds of Alcoholism

History

What is Alcoholism?• A chronic and often progressive disease that includes problems controlling your drinking

- being preoccupied with alcohol- continuing to use alcohol even when it causes problems- having to drink more to cause the same effect

-having withdrawal symptoms when you rapidly decrease or stop drinking.

• Alcoholism is also known as “alcohol dependence”

• If you have alcoholism, you can’t consistently predict how much you’ll drink, how long you’ll drink or what consequences will occur from your drinking

• It is possible to have a problem with alcohol, even when it has progressed to the point of alcoholism

• If you have alcoholism, or you have problem with alcohol, you may not be able to cut back or quit without help

• Denying that you have a problem is usually part of alcoholism and other types of excessive drinking

• Many people wonder why some individuals can use alcohol without problems but others cannot.

• One important reason has to do with genetics. Scientists have found that having an alcoholic family member makes it more likely that if you choose to drink you too may develop alcoholism.

What is Alcoholis

m?

Kinds of Alcoholism

History

HISTORY• Historically the name "dipsomania" was coined

by German physician Dr. C. W. Hufeland in 1819 before it was superseded by "alcoholism“

• The term "alcoholism" was first used in 1849 by the Swedish physician Magnus Huss to describe the systematic adverse effects of alcohol.

• In some ancient cultures alcohol was worshiped and in others its abuse was condemned

• Excessive alcohol misuse and drunkenness were recognized as causing social problems even thousands of years ago

• In 1647 a Greek monk named Agapios was the first to document that chronic alcohol misuse was associated with toxicity to the nervous system and body which resulted in a range of medical disorders such as seizures, paralysis and internal bleeding

• In 1920 the effects of alcohol abuse and chronic drunkenness led to the failed prohibition of alcohol being considered and eventually enforced briefly in America

• In 2005 the cost of alcohol dependence and abuse was estimated to cost the US economy approximately 220 billion dollars per year, more than cancer and obesity

What is Alcoholis

m?

Kinds of Alcoholism

History

Kinds of Alcoholism• Young adult subtype• young antisocial subtype• Functional subtype• Intermediate familiar subtype• Chronic severe subtype• Acute subtype

Young adult subtype

• The young adult subtype accounts for about 32% of U.S. alcoholics.

• They're young adults who rarely seek help for alcohol dependence.

• About 24 years old, they became alcoholics by age 20, on average.

• They drink less frequently than other alcoholics, but they tend to binge drink when they drink. This is the largest subtype

Young antisocial subtype

• The young antisocial subtype comprises 21% of U.S. alcoholics

• they are 26 years old, on average

• More than half have antisocial personality disorder. They tended to start drinking at 15 and became alcoholics by 18 -- earlier than other subtypes. They are more likely to smoke tobacco and pot.

Functional Subtype• he functional subtype accounts for about 19% of U.S. alcoholics

• they're generally middle-aged, working adults who tend to have stable relationships, more education, and higher incomes than other alcoholics

• They tend to drink every other day, often consuming five or more drinks on drinking days.

Intermediate Familiar Subtype• The intermediate familial

subtype makes up nearly 19% of U.S alcoholics

• Nearly half have close relatives who are alcoholics. Alcoholics in this subtype typically began drinking by 17 and became alcoholics in their early 30s.

Chronic severe subtype

• The chronic severe subtype is the rarest subtype, accounting for about 9% of U.S. alcoholics

• This subtype mainly includes men, has the highest divorce rate, and frequently includes users of illicit drugs.

Acute subtype• an acute syndrome resulting

from intoxication by excessive consumption of alcoholic drinks that is characterized by depression of higher nervous centers with uncontrolled excitement

How can you tell if you are alcoholic?

Symptoms

Causes

Symptoms• Craving

• Lost of control

• Physical dependence

• Tolerance

• Craving – a strong need or compulsion to drink

• Lost of control - The inability to limit one's drinking on any given occasion.

• Physical dependence - Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety, occur when alcohol use is stopped after a period of heavy drinking.

• Tolerance: The need to drink greater amounts of alcohol in order to "get high."

• The risk of alcohol dependence begins at low levels of drinking and increases directly with both the volume of alcohol consumed and a pattern of drinking larger amounts on an occasion. Young adults are particularly at risk

How can you tell if you are alcoholic?

Symptoms

Causes

Causes

• A complex mixture of genetic and environmental factors influences the risk of the development of alcoholism

• Genes that influence the metabolism of alcohol also influence the risk of alcoholism, and may be indicated by a family history of alcoholism

• One paper has found that alcohol use at an early age may influence the expression of genes which increase the risk of alcohol dependence

• Individuals who have a genetic disposition to alcoholism are also more likely to begin drinking at an earlier age than average

• a younger age of onset of drinking is associated with an increased risk of the development of alcoholism, and about 40 percent of alcoholics will drink excessively by their late adolescence

• A high testosterone concentration during pregnancy may be a risk factor for later development of alcohol dependence

• Lack of peer and family support is associated with an increased risk of alcoholism developing

• Genetics and adolescence are associated with an increased sensitivity to the neurotoxic effects of chronic alcohol abuse

How can you tell if you are alcoholic?

Symptoms

Causes

How can you tell

• Have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking?

• Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?

• Have you ever felt bad or guilty about your drinking?

• Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning (as an "eye opener") to steady your nerves or get rid of a hangover?

• One "yes" answer suggests a possible alcohol problem

• If you answered "yes" to more than one question, it is highly likely that a problem exists

Effect to Human Body

Alcohol Tolerance

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Effects to Human Body

Brain

– Impaired development

– Impaired memory

– Vitiation changes

Psychological

• Cravings • Imitability • Depression • Anxiety• Panic• Hallucinations

Disease

• Mouth, trachea and esophagus - cancer• Blood – Anemia• Heart – alcoholic cardiomyopathy• Liver - Cintosis, Hepatitis• Stomach – Chronic Gastritis• Pancreas - pancreatitis• Peripheral tissues – increase of diabetes type 2

Social Effects• The social problems arising from alcoholism are

serious, caused by the pathological changes in the brain and the intoxicating effects of alcohol

• Alcohol abuse is associated with an increased risk of committing criminal offences, including child abuse, domestic violence, rape, burglary and assault

• Alcoholism is associated with loss of employment, which can lead to financial problems. Drinking at inappropriate times, and behavior caused by reduced judgment, can lead to legal consequences, such as criminal charges for drunk driving or public disorder, or civil penalties for tortious behavior, and may lead to a criminal sentence.

Effect to Human Body

Alcohol Tolerance

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Alcohol Tolerance

• Alcohol tolerance refers to the bodily responses to the functional effects of ethanol in alcoholic beverages. This includes direct tolerance, speed of recovery from insobriety and resistance to the development of alcoholism.

Effect to Human Body

Alcohol Tolerance

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Sources• http://www.medicinenet.com/script/

main/art.asp?articlekey=52888• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholism• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Alcohol_tolerance• http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/

alcohol-abuse/news/20070629/5-alcoholic-types-in-alcoholism-study

• http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/acute%20alcoholism

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