AFRO-LATIN AND

POPULAR MUSICPrepared for DepEd National Training of Trainers for Grade 10 K-12

VizMin Cluster by

ALTHEA MAE B.BONGCAWIL

Music of Africa

Historical and Cultural Background of African Music

Singing, dancing, hand clapping, and the beating of

drums are essential to many ceremonies : birth, death,

initiation, marriage and funerals.

Important to religious expression and political events.

It has great influences on global music ( contemporary

American, Latin American, and European styles)

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Traditional Music of Africa

Apala

Musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style to wake up the worshippers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan. Instrumentation includes the rattle(sekere), thumb piano (agidigbo), bell ( agogo) and two or three talking drums.

Traditional Music of Africa

Axe

Popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia

and Brazil. It fuses the Afro-Carribean styles of

the marcha, reggae and calypso.

Jit

Hard and fast Zimbabwean dance music played

on drums with guitar accompaniment.

Traditional Music of Africa

Jive- Lively and uninhibited variation of jitterbug

Juju

Popular style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms.

Kwassa Kwassa

Shake your booty dance style begun in Zaire in the late 80’s.

Music of Africa

Marabi

Characterized by simple chords in varying

vamping patterns and repetitive harmony over an

extended period of time to allow the dances more

time on the dance floor.

Reggae- Jamaican sound dominated by bass and

guitar chops associated with Rastsafarian religion.

Music of Africa

Salsa- Afro-Cuban music.

Samba- Typifies most Brazilian music

Soca- Modern Trinidadian and Tobago pop

music combining “soul” and “calypso”

music.

Music of Africa

Were- Muslim music performed often as a

wake-up call for early breakfast and

prayers during Ramadan celebration.

Zouk- Fast, carnival-like rhythmic music

from the Creole slang word for “party”

Originating in the Carribean Islands of

Guadalupe and Martinique.

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Vocal Forms of African Music

1. Maracatu

Surfaced in the African state of Pernambuco, combining the strong rhythms of African percussion instruments with Portugese melodies. It uses mostly percussion instruments such as the alfaia, tarol, and caixa-de-Guerra, gongue, agbe, and miniero.

Vocal Forms of African Music

2. Blues

Musical form of the late 19th century that

has had deep roots in African-American

communities ( “Deep South” of the

United States). Slaves used to sing as

they worked in the cotton and vegetable

fields.

Vocal Forms of African Music

The form of the blues is characterized by

specific chord progression. The twelve-

bar blues is the most common form. The

notes of the blues are normally flattened

or gradually bent.

Vocal Forms of African Music

3. Soul

It combines elements of African-American

gospel music, rhythm and blues, and

often jazz. The catchy rhythms are

accompanied by handclaps and

extemporaneous body moves which are

among its important features.

Vocal Forms of African Music

Other characteristics include call and

response between soloist and the chorus,

and an especially tense and powerful

vocal sound.

Musical Instruments of Africa

IDIOPHONES

1. Xylophone: Balafon

2. Rattles( made of shells, tin, animal hoofs, horn, wood, metal, bells, cocoons, palm kernels, or tortoise shells)

3. Agogo(bell)- has the highest pitch of any of the bacteria instruments.

Musical Instruments of Africa

4. Rasps- a hand percussion

instrument whose sound is produced

by scraping a group of notched sticks

with another stick, creating a series of

rattling effects.

Musical Instruments of Africa

5. Drums ( slit or log)

Slit drum- hollow percussion instrument,

although known as a drum, it is not a true

drum.

Long drum- best known is the West African

djembe, log drum.

Musical Instruments of Africa

6. Atingting Kon (Slit gong)- They were used

to communicate between villages.

Musical Instruments of Africa

B. MEMBRANOPHONES

Examples of these are found in the different

localities:

Entenga ( Ganda)

Dundun (Yoruba)

Atumpan (Akan)

Ngoma (Shona)

Musical Instruments of Africa

B.1 Body Percussion

B.2 Talking Drum

C. LAMELLAPHONE- a set of plucked keys

mounted on a sound board, known by

different names according to the regions such

as mbira, karimba, kisaanj, likembe.

Musical Instruments of Africa

D. CHORDOPHONES-

D1. Musical bow- Earth bow, mouth bow and the resonator-bow are the principle types of musical bows.

D2. Harp

D3. Lute ( konting, khalam, and the nkoni)

D4. Zither

Musical Instruments of Africa

AEROPHONES- Flutes in various sizes and

shapes ( Fulani flutes ). Panpipes and

Horns( Kudo horns)

Slit drum

Shekere

Agogo

Djembe

Mbira ( Hand piano or Thumb piano )