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An Action Guide to Marine Conservation in An Action Guide to Marine Conservation in HawaiHawai̒̒ii
What to do and Who to Call Concerning Ocean Issues
One Year
Anniversary
WHALES BREACHING FOR A CAUSE: GREEN WHALES BREACHING FOR A CAUSE: GREEN MARKETING & MARINE TOURISM IN HAWAI‘IMARKETING & MARINE TOURISM IN HAWAI‘I
1. Introduction/Welcoming Remarks 7:10 p.m.
2. Purpose & Guide Process 7:15 p.m.
3. Guide Importance & Applications 7:20 p.m.
4. Using the Guide & Where to Get Copies 7:25 p.m.
5. Overview of Fish Feeding Campaign 7:30 p.m.
6. Eco Tube Release Presentation 7:40 p.m.
7. Audience Q & A 7:50 p.m.
8. Presentation Closing Remarks 7:55 p.m.
9. Reception 8:00 – 9:00 p.m.
PURPOSEPURPOSEThe Making A Difference Action Guide has been designed as a community tool to provide key information, guidelines, and contact information for marine resource conservation. The goal is to empower Hawaii’s ocean users to take an active stewardship role in the preservation and protection of the marine environment. The guide:• outlines key rules and regulations• provides general ecological information• guidelines to follow such as actions to take, if any; what information to record; whatagency to contact; and where to go for more information and guidance.
•Enforcement •Coral Reef Guidelines for Scuba Diving and Snorkeling •Sea Turtles •Hawaiian Monk Seals •Cetaceans •Aquatic Invasive Species •Land-based Pollution •Marine Debris •Fishing Regulations & Violations •Boating Resources and Safe Boating •Coral Health Threats •Marine Managed Areas •Other Ways To Help: Additional Resources •Blue Pages: Marine Enforcement Phone Book •Key Agencies & Institutions for Marine Resource•Management, Conservation and Research in Hawai‘i
GUIDE TOPICSGUIDE TOPICS
GUIDE PROCESSGUIDE PROCESS2002 - 2005•Original idea proposed; planning; first funding obtained (Hawaii CZM)2006•Initial project idea presented to the Rec.Impacts to Reefs Local Action Strategy 2007•Development of guide topics and material•Funding obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), CORAL, Tiffany and Company, Hawaii Tourism Authority, and Division of Aquatic Resources for guide implementation •Non-profit and agency invites to submit material, photos and topics•First round of agency and non-profit edits2008•Second round of agency and non-profit edits•Additional funding contributions for first draft print run•General distribution •Presentation and distribution at 2008 Hawaii Conservation Conference2009•Coastal Zone Management funds second print run•First guide workshop (Maui)•Second guide workshop (Oahu) NOVEMBER 18th, 2009
GUIDE APPLICATIONSGUIDE APPLICATIONSThemes:Resource ManagementEnforcementCommunity Empowerment
Context:• Formal Education Settings• Informal Outreach Settings• Integration with community-based monitoring efforts
What YOU Can Do!
Resource Management
EnforcementCommunity
Empowerment
USING THE GUIDEUSING THE GUIDE
WHERE TO GET COPIESWHERE TO GET COPIESELECTRONIC COPIESThe guide is available to download from several websites:•CORAL Website: www.coral.org•Project S.E.A-Link Website: www.projectsealink.org•Recreation Impacts to Reefs Local Action Strategy (DAR) Website: http://hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/coral/coral_las_rir.html
HARD COPIESGuides available for distribution while supplies last, contact:Liz Foote, [email protected] Anders, [email protected]
BULK QUANTITIES Bulk quantities may be available for distriubtion for education purposes. Please contact Liz Foote ([email protected]) or Emma Anders ([email protected]) for details.
Fish-Friendly Business AllianceFish-Friendly Business Alliance •includes over 30 members statewide.•Online business directory http://www.coral.org/fishfriendly•Members comprised of commercial diving and snorkeling-related businesses•Boss Frog’s Dive and Surf on Maui first company to sign on to the campaign. •“Fish-Friendly Establishment” decal to raise customer awareness •Supported by Hawaii’s Recreational Impacts to Reefs Local Action Strategy •Feeding fish can decrease natural grazing behavior, which could promote a negative ecological effects upon marine communities. Can also promote behavioral changes in local fishes.
Any business participating in this campaign will be added to the online director and receive a fish-friendly establishment decal and a CD of educational materials. For more information about the Take a Bite Out of Fish Feeding Campaign, [email protected]
Take A Bite Out of Fish-Feeding Awareness CampaignTake A Bite Out of Fish-Feeding Awareness Campaign
Take A Bite Out of Fish-Feeding Awareness CampaignTake A Bite Out of Fish-Feeding Awareness Campaign
Fish Feeding Post Card Awareness Campaign Fish Feeding Post Card Awareness Campaign
HAWAI‘I ECOTUBEHAWAI‘I ECOTUBE
http://hawaiiecotube.blogspot.com & http://www.facebook.com/hawaiiecotube
MAHALOMAHALO
Guidebook Design:
Workshop Sponsors:
Guidebook Funders:
A special thank you to all our contributors and to all of you for your participation.
An Action Guide to Marine Conservation in An Action Guide to Marine Conservation in HawaiHawai̒̒ii
What to do and Who to Call Concerning Ocean Issues
One Year
Anniversary
WHALES BREACHING FOR A CAUSE: GREEN WHALES BREACHING FOR A CAUSE: GREEN MARKETING & MARINE TOURISM IN HAWAI‘IMARKETING & MARINE TOURISM IN HAWAI‘I1. Introduction/Welcoming Remarks – Carlie Wiener 9:30 a.m.
2. Guide Overview & Applications – Liz Foote 9:35 a.m.
3. DOCARE Enforcement – Randy Awo 9:50 a.m.
4. Guideline for Scuba Diving & Snorkeling – 10:05 a.m. Liz Foote & Donna Brown
1. Marine Mammal Regulation – Carlie Wiener 10:20 a.m.
2. Break 10:35 a.m.
3. Marine Debris – Carlie Wiener 10:50 a.m.
4. Responsible Fishing & Boating Safety 11:05 a.m.
5. Coral Health – Darla White 11:20 a.m.
6. Guide Applications:K-12 Classroom – Carlie Wiener 11:30 a.m.
7. Guide Applications: Informal Outreach – Liz Foote 11:50 a.m.
8. Where to Get Copies & Concluding Remarks 12:10 p.m.
PURPOSEPURPOSEThe Making A Difference Action Guide has been designed as a community tool to provide key information, guidelines, and contact information for marine resource conservation. The goal is to empower Hawaii’s ocean users to take an active stewardship role in the preservation and protection of the marine environment. The guide:• outlines key rules and regulations• provides general ecological information• guidelines to follow such as actions to take, if any; what information to record; whatagency to contact; and where to go for more information and guidance.
•Enforcement •Coral Reef Guidelines for Scuba Diving and Snorkeling •Sea Turtles •Hawaiian Monk Seals •Cetaceans •Aquatic Invasive Species •Land-based Pollution •Marine Debris •Fishing Regulations & Violations •Boating Resources and Safe Boating •Coral Health Threats •Marine Managed Areas •Other Ways To Help: Additional Resources •Blue Pages: Marine Enforcement Phone Book •Key Agencies & Institutions for Marine Resource•Management, Conservation and Research in Hawai‘i
GUIDE TOPICSGUIDE TOPICS
GUIDE PROCESSGUIDE PROCESS2002 - 2005•Original idea proposed; planning; first funding obtained (Hawaii CZM)2006•Initial project idea presented to the Rec.Impacts to Reefs Local Action Strategy 2007•Development of guide topics and material•Funding obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), CORAL, Tiffany and Company, Hawaii Tourism Authority, and Division of Aquatic Resources for guide implementation •Non-profit and agency invites to submit material, photos and topics•First round of agency and non-profit edits2008•Second round of agency and non-profit edits•Additional funding contributions for first draft print run•General distribution •Presentation and distribution at 2008 Hawaii Conservation Conference2009•Coastal Zone Management funds second print run•First guide workshop (Maui)•Second guide workshop (Oahu) NOVEMBER 18th, 2009
GUIDE APPLICATIONSGUIDE APPLICATIONSComponents of each Section:Basic Background Information: Ecology & Rules/RegsWhat to Do and what NOT to doInformation to recordWho to Call
Settings: Formal Education Community venues/Informal outreach Integration with other outreach tools and monitoring programs
USING THE GUIDEUSING THE GUIDE
DOCARE ENFORCEMENT DOCARE ENFORCEMENT The Division of Conservation and Resources Enforcement (DOCARE) is the state agency responsible for enforcement activities of the Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR). The division, with full police powers, enforces all state laws and rules involving state lands, state parks, historical sites, forest reserves, aquatic life and wildlife areas, coastal zones, conservation districts, and state shores, as well as county ordinances involving county parks. Their mission is to promote the safe and responsible use of Hawai‘i’s natural resources.
Division of Conservation & Resources Enforcement (DOCARE)Statewide Hotline (808) 643-DLNR (3567) O‘ahu (808) 587-0077 Maui (808) 873-3990 Hawai‘i Island Capt Cook: (808) 323-3141Kona: (808) 327-4961Hilo: (808) 974-6208Kaua‘i (808) 274-3521 La-na‘i (808) 565-7916 Moloka‘i (808) 553-5190
SCUBA DIVING & SNORKELING SCUBA DIVING & SNORKELING GUIDELINESGUIDELINES
Before Entering the WaterBefore Entering the Water• Apply sunscreen 30 min, or use a rash guard.• Test out all your equipment. Never stand on reef to adjust gear.• Bring a floatation device.
While In the WaterWhile In the Water• Enter/Exit in a sandy area, watch for sharp rocks, corals and sea urchins.• Control your fins at all times; avoid kicking up sand.• Never feed or touch marine life, including feeding fish.• Never remove anything except marine debris.• Respect native Hawaiian cultural sites, practices and sacred places.• Divers should always tow a dive flag and practice good buoyancy control.
SCUBA DIVING & SNORKELING SCUBA DIVING & SNORKELING GUIDELINESGUIDELINES
Holland and Meyer, 2009
SCUBA DIVING & SNORKELING SCUBA DIVING & SNORKELING GUIDELINESGUIDELINES
SCUBA DIVING & SNORKELING SCUBA DIVING & SNORKELING GUIDELINESGUIDELINES
SCUBA DIVING & SNORKELING SCUBA DIVING & SNORKELING GUIDELINESGUIDELINES
Best Practices for Marine Tourism BusinessesBest Practices for Marine Tourism Businesses• Use moorings or anchor in the sand.
• in-water visual guidance for anchor & chain placement• Present an effective and comprehensive environmental briefing
dive site features; techniques to avoid impact; guidelines, rules & regulations
• Active supervision and management of clients; intervention when necessary
buoyancy assessment and adjustment 3 strikes rule?
• Accountability: Share best practices with clients
MARINE MAMMAL REGULATIONS MARINE MAMMAL REGULATIONS Marine Mammal Management in the Main Hawaiian IslandsOngoing Priorities:
•Conservation•Preservation •Co-existence•Community involvement•Public education
Definition: Stranded Marine Definition: Stranded Marine Mammal (MMPA)Mammal (MMPA)
(A) A marine mammal is dead and is-
(i) on a beach or shore of the United states; or
(ii) in waters under the jurisdiction of the United States (including any navigable waters); or
Definition: Stranded Marine Definition: Stranded Marine Mammal (MMPA)Mammal (MMPA)
(B) A marine mammal is alive and is-
(i) on a beach or shore of the United States and unable to return to the water
(ii) on a beach or shore of the united States and, although able to return to the water, is in apparent need of medical attention; or
(iii) in waters under the jurisdiction of the united States (including any navigable waters), but is unable to return to its natural habitat under its own power or without assistance
HUMAN PETS MAY CARRY DISEASE
Maintain a distance of at least 150 feet
NOAA Fisheries 24-hour Marine Mammal Stranding Hotline: 1-888-256-9840
Nicole Davis: 808-292-2372
Include date, time, location, size, & any other information available
6th Semi-Annual Hawaiian Monk
Seal Count, 2009
October 17October 17th th
10 am to 1 pm10 am to 1 pm
MARINE DEBRIS MARINE DEBRIS •100,000 marine mammals and sea turtles die each year globally from marine debris•Marine debris is everyone’s problem. •Marine debris comes in many forms, from cigarette butts to derelict fishing nets. •Marine debris is “any persistent solid material that is manufactured or processed and directly or indirectly, intentionally or unintentionally, disposed of or abandoned into the marine environment or the Great Lakes”.
PLASTICS PLASTICS •Plastics are a subspecies of polymers, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) bind to plastic debris in the ocean and as a consequence micro-particles can enter the food chain.
•Plastics are derived from petroleum, they have replaced other materials such as glass.
•More than a hundred billion pounds of plastic were produced in 2000 and 500 billion to a trillion plastic bags are consumed worldwide each year.
•Their increased use has lead to a greater need for oil, toxic chemicals released from their manufacture and use, and eventually leaching into the environment.
•Plastic bags kill marine animals as they mistake the bags for food.
•Production of water bottles contributes 2, 500, 000 tons of carbon dioxide annually.
DERLICT FISHING GEARDERLICT FISHING GEAR• Derelict fishing gear includes nets, lines, crab
and shrimp traps/pots, and other recreational or commercial harvest equipment that has been lost or abandoned in the marine environment.
• Modern nets and fishing line made of synthetic materials have been in use since the 1940s. Derelict fishing gear is long-lasting marine debris that poses many problems to people and to marine animals, including:
• Entangling divers and swimmers;• Trapping and wounding or killing fish,
shellfish, birds and marine mammals;• Degrading marine ecosystems and
sensitive habitats; • Damaging propellers and rudders of
recreational boats, commercial and military vessels;
WHAT YOU CAN DOWHAT YOU CAN DO• Think about the materials and packaging you make be taking to
the beach. Reduce, reuse, recycle. Choose reusable items and use fewer disposable ones.
• Keep streets, sidewalks, parking lots and storm drains free of trash - they can empty into our oceans and waterways.
• At the beach, park or playground, dispose of all trash in the proper receptacles or take your trash home with you. Pick up any debris you see while out.
• Serve as an example to others. Get involved in cleanups in your area and encourage others to help keep the beaches and oceans clean.
• If you use a cloth bag, you can save 6 bags a week, 24 bags a month, 288 bags a year, and 22,176 bags in the average lifetime. If just 1 out of 5 people in our country did this we would save 1,330,560,000,000 bags over our life time
LAND BASED POLLUTIONLAND BASED POLLUTION& WATER QUALITY & WATER QUALITY
Robin KnoxWater Quality
Consulting, Inc.
Aquanimity Now!
UH Botany
What is the Clean Water Act?What is the Clean Water Act?
Federal law Federal law with objective with objective to: “…restore to: “…restore and maintain and maintain the chemical, the chemical, physical, and physical, and biological biological integrity of the integrity of the nation’s waters”nation’s waters”
Clean Water ActClean Water Act• Goals include Goals include fishable swimmablefishable swimmable waters waters
Clean Water Act GoalsClean Water Act Goals
Goals of Clean Water Act
Eliminate discharge
s of pollution
Financial assistance to POTW
No toxic discharge
s
Protect fish &
wildlife, water
recreation
Area-wide treatment
plans
Research & developmen
t
Control nonpoint source
pollution
NPDES
Water quality standards
Continuing Planning Process
Polluted runoff control
GROUNDWATER
WATERSHED
Land coverNatural processes
Human activityPollutant sources
TransportFate
CONTINUING PLANNING PROCESSWater Quality Management Plans
(Basin Plans, Areawide Plans, Facility Plans)
WATER QUALITY
ASSESSMENTIntegrated
report(2 yr)
COMPREHENSIVE MONITORING STRATEGY
COREBEACH
BIOTMDLPRC
COMPLIANCE
REGULATIONSWQS - Water Quality Standards (3 yr)
Wastewater Discharge Regulations
TMDL
Polluted Runoff Control
NPDES Permits (5 yr)Enforcement
Water Quality ManagementWater Quality Management
• Monitor – ambient monitoring network Monitor – ambient monitoring network (chemistry, microbiology, ecological) (chemistry, microbiology, ecological)
• Assess – statistically, visuallyAssess – statistically, visually• Report – Is water quality meeting Report – Is water quality meeting
standards? (List impaired waters)standards? (List impaired waters)• Take Action – Pollution budgets (Total Take Action – Pollution budgets (Total
Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL)), Permits, Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL)), Permits, BMPs, watershed managementBMPs, watershed management
What are water quality standards?What are water quality standards?
• Standards are Standards are measurable goals for measurable goals for water qualitywater quality
• Three parts-Three parts-– Designated useDesignated use– Criteria (narrative or Criteria (narrative or
numeric)numeric)– Anti-degradation policyAnti-degradation policy
USE = recreational
CRITERIA = enterococcus bacteria not to exceed geomean of 7 cfu/100ml
Anti-degradation PolicyAnti-degradation Policy
• Antidegradation policy Antidegradation policy – Existing uses and level of Existing uses and level of
water quality necessary to water quality necessary to support existing uses shall support existing uses shall be maintained and be maintained and protected; protected;
– Lower water quality Lower water quality allowed if socio-allowed if socio-economically justified but economically justified but must still support usemust still support use
Maui’s Water QualityMaui’s Water Quality
What Can YOU
Do?
Advocacy
• Educate yourself (check!)
• Public Participation in rulemaking and permitting
• Comments
• Testimony
• Letters and emails
Volunteer!
• Whale Sanctuary Volunteer Water Quality
• Monitoring
• Mauka to Makai (Honolua Bay)
• Southwest Maui Watershed Planning• Makai Watch
• Stream Cleanups (Ala Wai canal)
• Stand Up Paddle Clean Up Maunalua Bay
• Aquatic Invasive Species Removal Maunalua Bay
• Hanalei Watershed Hui
Personal ActionsPersonal Actions
• reduce use of toxic chemicals
• conserve water
• care for the land
• maintain vehicles and equipment
• maintain waste disposal systems
• minimize use of fertilizers
• don't litter
• be a participant in the public review process.
Public ParticipationPublic ParticipationParticipate in the management of water quality and
prevention and control of pollution
Department of Health Water Quality Standards Revisions http://hawaii.gov/health/environmental/env-planning/wqm/
wqrev.htm
Lahaina Injection Wells Hearings http://www.epa.gov/region09/water/groundwater/uic-
permits.html#lahainahttp://dontinject.org/
EPA will hold a PUBLIC INFORMATIONAL MEETING AND PUBLIC HEARING ON MAUI - AUG 20th regarding the Underground Injection Control (UIC) Permits for the
Lahaina Wastewater Reclamation Facility (LWRF). The public meeting and hearing will be held at:
Lahaina Civic CenterSocial Hall Meeting Area1840 Honoapiilani Hwy,Lahaina, Maui, HI 96761
Public Notices of Environmental Assessments, EIS, Pollution Control Permits,Water Quality Certifications and other Notices:
http://hawaii.gov/health/environmental/oeqc/index.html/
CORAL HEALTHCORAL HEALTHDarla White
Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources
Coral BleachingCoral Bleaching Coral DiseaseCoral Disease Crown-of-Thorns Sea StarsCrown-of-Thorns Sea Stars Marine Alien Invasive SpeciesMarine Alien Invasive Species Native Species BloomsNative Species Blooms
• Hawaii’s reefs are vast– 410,000 acres, representing almost
85% of coral reefs under US protection– Over 5,000 species, almost 25% endemic– Culturally, economically, biologically critical
• Aquatic Invasive Species • Climate Change and Marine Disease
Address Hawaii’s need to maintain reef resources in the face of increasing
human populations and changing climatic conditions
Bleaching: loss of symbiotic algae within coral tissue
leads to reduced growth, reproduction and sometimes death
1998 1998 world-world-wide wide mass mass
bleaching bleaching 16% of 16% of
world’s world’s
reefs lostreefs lost
GBR- 3 major COTS outbreaks in the past 40 years
Sept 1969-Nov 1970
Outbreak of COTS off Molokai
20,000 animals
Branham et al. 1971. Science 172(3988):1155-1157
Maui’s Kihei coastlost potential revenue $20 million
OahuSmothering corals
Disease: Any impairment of vital body functions, systems, or organs.
• Biotic – Causal agent a living organism
• Pathogen,such as viruses or bacteria• Parasites
• Abiotic – Causal agent an environmental stressor
• Changes in salinity, temperature, light, etc.• Exposure to toxic chemicals
Coral disease in Hawaii
17 disease states widespread
low prevalence
Montipora multi-focal TLSMontipora dark band
Por trematodiasis
Poc white-band disease
Acrop white syndrome
Acrop growth anomaliesPorites growth anomalies
Climate Change + increasing anthropogenic stressors
Reefs at risk
Are Hawaii’s reefs at risk?
YES!
What can we do about it?
Eyes of the Reef Network: Level I Involvement• All ocean users• Train to spot 5 dangers to reef health• Watch and report!
•Activate a rapid response by management•Develop a database of changing reef conditions
You will know how to: • Classify coral types by shape and texture• Recognize and categorize coral diseases• Differentiate between coral bleaching, disease and
biological interactions• Recognize the 5 most dangerous alien invasive algae• Recognize and assess native invasive blooms• Report reef threats to the Eyes of the Reef Network
YOU WILL BE THE “EYES” ON OUR HAWAIIAN REEFS
K-12 CLASSROOM APPLICATIONSK-12 CLASSROOM APPLICATIONS
• Use as classroom text to teach marine conservation issuesUse as classroom text to teach marine conservation issues
•Develop class curriculum for any age based on conservation topics expressed in Develop class curriculum for any age based on conservation topics expressed in guideguide
•Pull themes from guide and expand into full class topics, projects or discussionPull themes from guide and expand into full class topics, projects or discussion
•Use guide to expand one existing topics or curriculum Use guide to expand one existing topics or curriculum
K-12 CLASSROOM APPLICATIONSK-12 CLASSROOM APPLICATIONSOther Ways To Help: School Service/ Community Projects
•Science Experiments: coral transects, water quality, marine debris
•Conduct beach cleanups, invasive algae collections, recycling programs
•Community Presentations
•Visual Aids/ Outreach Materials (School & Community)
•Work with elders
•Student Advocacy (campaigns, letters, petitions)
•Have students study how forests are connected to the reef and begin to plant native plants along the stream bank in order to control erosion.
•Be Creative & Have Fun !
INFORMAL OUTREACH APPLICATIONSINFORMAL OUTREACH APPLICATIONSResource ManagementEnforcementCommunity Empowerment
What YOU Can Do!
Resource Management
EnforcementCommunity
Empowerment
Contexts & Venues for Distribution? Contexts & Venues for Distribution? Examples… By your phone book! Vehicle glove compartments Onboard boats Dive Shops & Hotels’ Beach Activity/Watersports Centers Concierges & Activity Agencies Libraries where else?
HAWAI‘I ECOTUBEHAWAI‘I ECOTUBE
http://hawaiiecotube.blogspot.com & http://www.facebook.com/hawaiiecotube
WHERE TO GET COPIESWHERE TO GET COPIESELECTRONIC COPIESThe guide is available to download from several websites:•CORAL Website: www.coral.org•Project S.E.A-Link Website: www.projectsealink.org•Recreation Impacts to Reefs Local Action Strategy (DAR) Website: http://hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/coral/coral_las_rir.html
HARD COPIESGuides available for distribution while supplies last, contact:Liz Foote, [email protected] Anders, [email protected]
BULK QUANTITIES Bulk quantities may be available for distriubtion for education purposes. Please contact Liz Foote ([email protected]) or Emma Anders ([email protected]) for details.
FEEDBACKFEEDBACK
Your suggestions, revisions, additions and other edits are welcome!
MAHALOMAHALO
Guidebook Design:
Workshop Sponsors:
Guidebook Funders:
A special thank you to all our contributors and to all of you for your participation.
