1.

2. 3. 4.

-

- - - 5.

N H 3 N H 4 + , H 2 O O H - - - 1 N H 3 +H 2 ON H 4 + +O H - 1 21 2 6. 7.

self-ionizationautoprotolysis

25o CK w= [H 3 O + ][OH - ] = 1.0 x 10 -14 [H 3 O + ] = [OH - ] = 1.0 x 10 -7mol/dm 3 8.

[H 3 O + ][OH - ]1.0 x 10 -4

H 3 O + 1.0x10 -7 mol/dm 3 OH - 1.0x10 -7 mol/dm 3 9.

pH

pH

10.

- - 11. - - 12. - 13.

- N H 3 H Cl Na Cl 14.

(non-electrolyte)C 6 H 12 O 6 C 2 H 5 O H 15.

(strong electrolyte)H Cl Na O H 16.

(weak electrolyte)CH 3 C OO H N H 3 17.

*pH7

*H 3 O +

* H 2

* * * (CO 2 ) * 18. **pH7 * C 6 H 12 O 6 C 2 H 5 O H 19.

*pH7

*OH-

*

* (NH 3 )

*

* * 20.

• (H + )

• (H 3 O + )

-

• (OH - )

-

• LiOH(s) + H 2 O(l)Li + (aq)+OH - (aq)

• HCl(g)+H 2 O(l)H 3 O + (aq)+Cl - (aq)

21. - - - 22. -

- 23.

monoprotic 1

CH 3 COOH + H 2 OCH 3 COO-+ H 3 O +

polyprotic 2 H 2 SO 4 + H 2 OHSO 4 - + H 3 O + K a1HSO 4 -+H 2 OSO 4 2- + H 3 O +K a2 K a2 K a1 2 24. HNO 3 , HC l , HI, HBr, H 2 SO 4 HC l O 4

• HBr(g)+H 2 O(l)H 3 O + (aq)+Br - (aq)

• H 2 SO 4 (g)+H 2 O(l)H 3 O + (aq)+HSO 4 - (aq)

25. CH 3 COOH, HF [] (mol/dm 3 ) (K a ) 26. 12LiOH, NaOH, Mg(OH) 2 , Ca(OH) 2

• NaOH(s) + H 2 O(l)Na + (aq)+OH - (aq)

• Ca(OH) 2 (s) + H 2 O(l)Ca 2+ (aq)+2OH - (aq)

27. NH 3 (K b ) [] (mol/dm 3 ) 28.

pH

pH - pH1-6 , 7 8-14pH = - log [H + ] pOH = - log [OH - ] pH+pOH= 14 29. pH

30.

• (pH meter) pH

• pH 0 - 14

pH 31.

• pH

pH 32.

--->

HInH + + In -

[H + ]-->

[ OH - ]HIn--->

- pH( pH ) 33. - - : 503470 pH ( ) ( ) 1.2 - 2.8 3.2 - 4.4 4.2 - 6.3 6.0 - 7.6 8.0 - 9.6 8.3 - 10.0 - - - - - - 34. - : 503471 pH ( ) 1 - 3 6 -7 6 -7 7 - 8 10 - 11 11 - 12 - - - - - - 35. - 36. 37. 2 H 3 O + (aq)+ CaCO 3 Ca 2+ (aq) + 3H 2 O(l) + CO 2 (g) 38. - 5.6 CO 2SO 2 NO 2NO