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!
Academic Integrity in the Kingdom of Cambodia
!!
CIES 2014 Toronto, Canada
!Alex Jun, Ph.D., Azusa Pacific University Rebecca Hong, Ed.D., Biola University Curtis Cline, Azusa Pacific University
Faith Fitt, Azusa Pacific University !!
Overview!!Purpose and Aim !History and State of Higher Education in Cambodia !Methodology !Data Analysis !Findings & Conclusions
Research purpose and aim
History and State of Higher Education
Institutions
“Study is not important. What’s important is work and revolution.”
The Silent Revolution 1998-PRESENT
STATE OF HEI
PRIVATE 63%
PUBLIC 37%
PUBLIC PRIVATE0
4500090000
135000180000
2003 2010
Undergrads Grads Doctorates
design and
Methodology
Design & Methodology
• Policies, practices, significant institutional factors that contribute to the successful delivery of higher education for undergraduate students
• Qualitative Study: Eclectic approach to case studies
• Ethnographic
• Grounded Theory
• Data collection
• Individual Interviews
• Focus groups
• Observations
!
!
Bounded Single-Case Study Method
Grounded Theory Approach
Ethnographic Approach
!!
SITE SELECTION !
Recruitment & Employment of Foreign
Faculty
Courses in
English
Western teaching practices
Globalization through policies and practices
Competitive admission
Faculty with higher
advanced degrees
Enrolling nation’s
competitive students
Positioned at the heart of
change
!!
data collection
26undergrads
administrators faculty
TWOfocus groups
2 Rounds 60 minutes
52 hours
c a m p u s
ex-patriate educators
findings
TextEvolving Education system
“Survival Rate from G1-G6” (MOEYS)
2005-2006
2009-2010
0 17.5 35 52.5 70
63.8
48.9
61.7
49.3
Total Female
“Survival Rate from G1-G9” (MOEYS)
2005-2006
2009-2010
0 9.5 19 28.5 38
37.9
24.3
37.2
26.3
Total Female
Evolving Education system
26%“SURVIVORS”
Educational System National Exam
Historical Genocide Human Trafficking
Multiple Universities Multiple Degrees
language system
English
“Better future” “Improve my life”
“Speak every time you get a chance”
“Every organization or NGO recognizes English”
“study abroad”“Find a good job”“Listen to BBC” “Help research”
“International language”
“Develop knowledge”
vital support system
Family’s Financial Investment
Family Sacrifice
Collective Choice in School and Major
Collective Hopes of a ROI
vital support system
Family’s Financial Investment
Family Sacrifice
Collective Choice in School and Major
Collective Hopes of a ROI
ethical system: academic dishonesty
ethical system: academic dishonesty
“Just pay money and you can get a good grade.”
!
-Student LCK
policies for practice
• Establish and maintain high institutional standards
• Clear policy on academic dishonesty
• Prepare ethical graduates
universalism vs. particularism
Black and white !
Follow the rules everywhere and all the time
!Consistency
Exception leads to corruption
Cultural value based on relationships and bonds
!Interpret rules in context
!Flexibility
!Obligation to family and
friends
Academic Dishonesty in Research Literature
• Dishonesty as a pervasive problem in various parts of Asia (Hsiao & Yang, 2011; Lim & See, 2001; Lin & Wen, 2007)
• Cultural influences that may increase likelihood of students cheating (Diekhoof, Emily, Lageff, & Hajime, 1999; Kobayashi & Fudushima, 2012)
• Strong collectivist rather than individualist values
• Hierarchical rather than egalitarian social structures
3%
40%
57%
Socially AcceptableNot WrongNo Response
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