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1807
When New Jersey first joined the United States, they allowed
women to vote. But in 1807, this
right of theirs was taken away.
1821THE AUBURN PRISON
DISASTER. Many of the eighty men locked in solitary in the Auburn Prison had mental breakdowns or committed suicide. Therefore, the government changed the usual whippings and beatings to strict discipline to keep them in line. Because of this, the hope of making a better place led to the next generation of reformers, including Dorothea Dix.
1826
The Temperance Movement begins and the American
Temperance Society is formed
as the first national
temperance organization.
1833William Lloyd
Garrison found the
American Anti Slavery
Society. Some wanted
immediate emancipation
and racial equality for
African Americans.
1837Horace Mann
becomes Massachusetts first secretary of education and got the state to double the school budget, lengthen the school year, and begin a school for teacher training.
1838
Horace Mann founded and edited The Common School Journal where he talked about the problems with public schools. His six main principles were: 1. The public should no long be ignorant; 2. Such education should be paid for, controlled, and sustained by the public; 3. That the education should be provided in school that accept children of all background (common school movement); 4. The education must be non –sectarian; 5. That the education must be taught by the spirit, methods, and discipline of a free society; and, 6. The education should be provided by well-trained, professional teachers.
1839
The Grimké sisters (Angelina
and Sarah Grimké) wrote
American Slavery as It Is, which
was a very important
antislavery book.
1840Eight years after
the American Anti Slavery Society was formed, it split into two, because some
of the members wanted immediate emancipation and a big role for women, but others wanted
slower emancipation and a
smaller role for women.
1841
In 1841, Dorothea
Dix visited a Massachuset
ts prison and was
shocked by the
conditions the
prisoners were living
in.
1843 - 1845After visiting the
Massachusetts prison, Dorothea
Dix wrote a detailed report
about what she saw and it caught the attention of the
crowd. Soon after, Massachusetts
passed a bill to fix the prison problems.
1845Dorothea Dix submitted a
record of all the horrors of the
prisons she saw on her two year tour of the jails
to the legislature, and soon, she would
try to reform prisons all across the country.
1848
The first women’s rights convention
was held in Seneca Falls, New
York, where the Declaration of
Sentiments was signed.
1853
(Jan. )Woman’s
temperance convention was held;
constitution drafted and
Ohio Women’s
Temperance Society
created.
1861 - 1865The American
Civil War occurred, where the Confederate States went into
battle against the Union States
over the issue of slavery.
1863
Abraham Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation
which freed all slaves in the Confederate
states.
1865, JuneJune 19, 1865 is actually the official
day that slavery was abolished and
the freedom of slaves were
acknowledged. Therefore, African Americans leaders have been trying to get June 19 to be a
holiday: Juneteenth.
1869(May)The National
Woman Suffrage
Association was formed by Susan B. Anthony and
Elizabeth Cady
Stanton.
1878
Susan B. Anthony introduced the federal woman
suffrage amendment to
the Congress but was not passed.
1886 The American
Federation of Labor (AFL) was formed to
get better wages, hours, and working conditions for the
laborers. They used collective bargaining, where all the workers acted together so that
they would have a better chance in
negotiating with the management.
1886(May)
Haymarket Riot: Union members went on strike
for an eight-hour workday. Eight police men and several others were killed, while many
police officers and hundreds of
others were wounded.
1890The National
American Woman Suffrage Association
[formed from the National Woman
Suffrage Association and the National American Woman
Suffrage Association] was
formed and waged campaigns for
women’s voting rights.
1892
Homestead Strike: Union
members protested the plan to buy
new machinery and cut jobs.
Sixteen people died in a
fourteen hour long battle, but
four months later, the union was defeated.
1894 (May)Pullman Strike: George Pullman, owner of Pullman
Palace Car Company, cut the
pay of workers and lay off some of them
without lowering their rent.
Therefore, the workers went on a
strike against it only to be stopped by federal troops.
1905Industrial Workers of
the World (IWW): A union that accepted
all immigrants, women, African Americans, and
others who were not welcomed into the
AFL. They wanted to organize all the
workers into their union so that they would overthrow
capitalism.
1912The Children’s
Bureau was established to
investigate in the matters of child
welfare, child life, infant mortality, birth-
rate, orphanage, juvenile courts,
desertion, dangerous occupations,
accidents, diseases, employment, and legislation which affected children.
1913
The Congressiona
l Union formed to for
women suffrage,
which later became
known as the National Women’s
Party.
1919Eighteenth
Amendment goes into effect. It
made the sale, transportation,
and manufacture of alcohol illegal
in the United States;
prohibition.
1919The federal
woman suffrage
amendment written by Susan B.
Anthony in 1878 (in a
slide before) is passed.
1933Twenty-first Amendment is
passed, repealing the Eighteenth
Amendment, but still made the
transportation or importation for
delivery of liquors prohibited.
1936
The first state child labor law is
passed requiring children under 15 who are
working in factories to go to school
at least 3 months a
year.
1938
The Fair Labor Standards Act finally lets the
employment ages and working hours for all
children to be regulated by the
federal law