A STUDY ON CASEIN FIBER

Casein Fiber

Ashini Hariram

M.Sc. Apparel Technology & Management

Guided by: Ms. Vidhya R

CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION

• HISTORY

• PRODUCTION PROCESS

• PROCESS IN DETAIL

• STRUCTURE AND

APPEARANCE

• PROPERTIES

• FIBER TO FABRIC FORMATION

• ADVANTAGES

• DISADVANTAGES

• APPLICATION & OTHER END

USES

• AFTER CARE

• DESIGNERS

• MANUFACTURERS

• CONCLUSION

ASHINI HARIRAM ON CASEIN FIBER

INTRODUCTION

• Drink or Wear! : The technology has benefited us in the

way by providing us the alternative to extract milk’s

advantage without actually drinking it.

• Skimmed Milk: Milk protein fabric is made out of

skimmed milk. Main component of this fiber are casein

proteins, drawn from the cow’s milk.

• Amino Acids: This fiber contains fifteen types of amino

acid extracts that helps in the nourishment of the skin and

makes it healthier.

• Bio-Engineering: Milk protein fabric is a blend of nature,

science and technology that has benefits of natural as well

as synthetic fiber.

• What's special with it?: It is most comfortable, excellent

water transportation and air-permeability. It is also more

healthy, light, soft and colorful. It’s being resistant to

fungus, insects and aging.

(Contd…)ASHINI HARIRAM ON CASEIN FIBER

INTRODUCTION

• Anti-Bacterial Elements & pH Factor: It contains

natural anti-bacterial elements and has a pH similar to that

of human skin. It biodegrades and is renewable as well.

• Hygroscopic: It helps to absorb moisture since it is

hygroscopic and has vertical fibers with regular conduits

providing ample space for the moisture to pass from fiber to

fiber.

• Environment friendly: It is an environment friendly

product. This fiber is regarded as a naturally healthy fiber

by association of milk


HISTORY

• Milk's potential for cloth: During the First World War,

when the Germans were looking out for some newer sources

of fabric, it was then when they discovered milk's potential

for cloth.

• How they processed?: The solutions of casein were spun

experimentally to form fibers and it was forced through the

jets into hardening baths forming solid filaments in which

the long casein molecules had been given sufficient

orientation to hold together in typical fiber form.

• Why Germans failed?: These early fibers were of little

value. They were brittle, hard and lacked the resilience and

durability needed for textile use .


HISTORY• Who patented it?: During early 1930’s an Italian chemist

Antonio Feretti, experimented with casein fibres to try and

overcome their drawbacks. He was successful, making

casein fibres which were pliable and had many properties

associated with wool.

• Early stage manufacturers: Feretti sold his patents to

large Italian rayon firm Snia Viscosa who developed the

large scale manufacture of casein fibres under the trade

name of Lanital. In 1936 the output of Lanital was about

300 tonnes by the following year it had reached 1200 tonnes

and in 1939 the production capacity was 10000 tonnes a

year. It was manufactured to compete with wool.

• Alternate names of casein fiber: a. Lanital in Belgium

and France. b. Fibrolane in Britain . c. Merinova in Italy. d.

Wipolan in Poland. e. Aralac in America ASHINI HARIRAM ON CASEIN FIBER

PRODUCTION PROCESS OF CASEIN

RAW MATERIAL

MIXING

FILTERATION

DEAREATION

SPINNING

CUTTING

HARDENING

WASHING

DRYING

BALING


PRODUCTION PROCESS


STRUCTURE AND APPEARANCE

• COLOUR

• LUSTRE

• MORPHOLOGY

Longitudinal View Cross Sectional ViewColor and Lustre


FIBER IDENTIFICATION Identification of combustion

• Near the flame: Melt and curls

• Then into flame: Burns

• Leave the flame: combustion

and sometimes eliminate

• Burning Smell: hair burning

• Remnants of characteristics:

Black and basic crisp, but a

trace amount lumps.

Identification of dissolved

• Milk fiber in 2.5% NaOH

solution, 100 degree for

30minutes after heating can

be a unique milk protein fiber

dissolved phenomenon

• Status: fiber swelling was

rubbery freeze

• Colour changes: in the

entire dissolution process, the

fiber qualities of the colour

gradually changes from dark

red and then fade to pale

yellow .


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• TENSILE STRENGTH

Casein fiber has the tenacity of

2.8cN/tex when it is dry. When

wet the fibers lose much of their

strength then tenacity falls to ,

2.4 to 2.6Cn/tex

• THERMAL PROPERTIES

Casein fibers generally soften

on heating, particularly when

wet. Fibers become brittle and

yellow on prolonged heating.

• EFFECT OF MOISTURE

Casein tends to absorb moisture readily

and the fibers become swollen and

soft. They may become plastic and

sticky as the temperature is raised.

• ELONGATION

60-70 percent, wet or dry

• EFFECT OF AGE

Very resistant


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

• EFFECT OF ACIDS

Casein is stable to acids of

moderate strength under

normal conditions.

• EFFECT OF ALKALIES

Casein is sensitive to alkali.

• EFFECT OF ORGANIC

SOLVANTS

Dry cleaning solvents do not

cause damage.

• INSECTS

Casein fiber is not attacked by

moth grubs to the same degree

as wool.

• MICRO-ORGANISMS

Casein fibers are attacked by mildews,

particularly when moist.

• ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES

Dielectric strength of casein fibers is

low


OTHER PROPERTIES

• Casein fibres resemble wool in having a soft warm handle. The fibres are

naturally crimped and yarns have a characteristic warmth and fullness

handle. Casein fibres provide good thermal insulation. They are resilient

like wool


PHYSICAL PROPERTY COMPARISON

Property Casein fiber Cotton Silk Wool

Length (mm) 38 25-39 ----- 58-100

Fineness (dtex) 1.52 1.2-2.0 1.0-2.8 6-9

Dry tensile strength(CN/dtex) 2.8 1.9-3.1 3.8-4.0 2.6-3.5

Dry breaking elongation rate (%) 25-35 7-10 11-16 14-25

Wet tensile strength (CN/dtex) 2.4 3.2 2.1-2.8 0.8

Wet breaking elongation rate (%) 28.8 13 27-33 50

Friction coefficient (static) 0.187 - 0.52 0.24

Friction coefficient (dynamic) 0.214 - 0.26 0.384

Logarithm of mass specific resistance (Wg/

cm2)9.1 6.8 9.8 8.4

Initial modulus (CN/dtex) 60-80 60-82 60-80 44-88

Moisture regain (%) 5-8 7-8 8-9 15-17

Specific weight (g/cm3) 1.22 1.50-1.54 1.46-1.52 1.34-1.38


FIBER TO FABRIC FORMATION


SPINNING

• PRETREATMENT

The mass specific resistance of milk protein fibre is larger, so the

pre-treatment before scutching is more important.

• MILK FIBER BLENDS• Cool type

• Thermal protection type

• Top grade underclothes

• Health care and body beauty

• Home textile supplies

• OPENING AND PICKING

The compressed mass of raw fibre must be removed from bales.

With good uniformity and less impurity, the milk protein fibre is

bulky and it is easy to open. Opening is necessary in order to

loosen the fibres and cleaning is done to remove the trashes

present in the fibres


SPINNING

• CARDING

The objective of the process is to further open and clean the

remaining impurities in the fibres delivered from the opening

and picking line. It must be detangled and straightened.

• COMBING

The main objective of this process are the reduction in short

fiber content, removal of trash and neps. Production of more

straight, parallel and uniform sliver.

(Contd..)


SPINNING

• DRAWING

The main objective of this process is to improve fibre orientation

by aligning the fibres in one direction. Since the milk protein

fibre is bulky and with weaker cohesion force, the extended

parallelization of fibre in card sliver is worse, and much hooked

fibre exists, the extended parallelization of fibre should be

improved as much as possible during drawing to reduce its

weight irregularity.

• ROVING

This process prepares the drawn sliver for the spinning process

by converting it into an intermediate strand. It also helps in the

further reduction of yarn


SPINNING

• SPINNING

Spinning is the twisting together of fibers to form yarns. Since

the fibre is soft, smooth and with weaker cohesion force, the

amount of hairiness and thick and thin yarn always appears

during spinning.


WEAVING PROCESS


WEAVING PROCESS • WINDING

The yarns are wound into larger spools or cones which are

placed on the racks. In winding, the electronic clearer is used

and the air splicer is adopted to piece.

• WARPING

Warping is the process of making warping beams in which

several warp ends are wound parallel to each other within

known length of yarn.

• SIZING

Sizing of the warp yarn is essential to strengthen the yarn by

adding starch to reduce breakage of the yarn and thus

production stops on the weaving machine. On the weaving

machine, the warp yarns are subjected to several types of

actions i.e. cyclic strain, flexing, abrasion at various loom parts

and inter yarn friction. ASHINI HARIRAM ON CASEIN FIBER

WEAVING PROCESS

• WEAVING

It is the process in which two distinct sets of yarns called warp

and the filling yarn are interlaced to form a fabric. There are no

special difficulties in weaving blend yarns .


WET PROCESSING


WET PROCESSING

• DESIZING

It is done to break down the size. Enzyme products may be

used, preferably at pH 4.0 to 6.0. If water soluble sizes have

been used, desizing is not necessary

• SCOURING

It is processed mainly to remove the impurities present in the

fiber. Synthetic detergents should be used, preferably under

acid conditions .

• BLEACHING

It improves whitness by removing natural colour and remaining

impurities in the fiber. In common with all wet processing,

bleaching should be carried out if possible under weekly acid

conditions, as casein fibers retain maximum strength and

minimum swelling under these conditions.


WET PROCESSING

• DYEING

It is the process of imparting colours to a textile material

through dye. Dyes can penetrate into the fiber without

difficulty. In general, casein can be dyed with the dyestuffs used

for wool.

• DRYING

After dyeing, loose stock and yarns may be centrifugally

hydroextracted before being dried in conventional plant. Woven

fabrics can be hydro-extracted by open width suction machine,

or by centrifuging in open width.

• PRINTING

Applying coloured patterns and designs to decorate a finished

fabric is called printing. Casein blend fabrics can be printed

very effectively. Good results necessitate through preparation. If

singeing is needed a light treatment with a low burner will be

sufficient. A thorough scour is essential.


WET PROCESSING • FINISHING

Milk protein fiber products should be after treated, such as

crease-resist finishing and softening, to keep it soft and delicate.

• Crease resistant finishing-The crease resistant finishing agent has more

choices and the environmental finishing with good crease resist effect

should be selected.

• Softening-During dyeing and producing, the milk protein fiber fabric feels

hard after crease resistant finishing in high temperature and tension. In

order to make fabric full and soft, softening is needed and softening with a

suitable softening agent is an effective method.

• CARBONISING

The vegetable matter is destroyed by soaking the cloth in weak

acids and then heating in an oven. Casein will withstand the

carbonizing treatment when carried out with the minimum

strength of sulphuric acid necessary for the effective removal of

vegetable matter .After treatment the material should be well

rinsed.


WET PROCESSING • MILLING

Casein fiber itself does not display any milling properties, and

blends of casein with other non-felting fibers such as rayon

staple or nylon should not be processed in milling machines. A

suitable milling medium is a mixture of 2 parts of soap to 1 part

of synthetic detergent. A thorough washing off is essential after

scouring or milling in order to remove soap and alkali.


ADVANTAGES OF CASEIN FIBER

• It is hygienic and flexible

• It is highly smooth, sheen and delicate

• It is moisture absorbent, permeable and heat resistant

• It is colour fast and easily dyeable

• It can be blended with other fiber

• It is renewable, biodegradable and eco- friendly fabric

• It is great for sensitive skin as it has the same pH level as

human skin

• It is environment- friendly and is considered as green product

• It contains 15 amino acids and natural anti-bacterial rate is

above 80 percent so it has sanitarian function.


DISADVANTAGES OF CASEIN FIBER

• It gets wrinkles easily after washing and needs to be

ironed every time.

• It should not be washed in machine and that is because

it's not a very hard fiber

• It has a low durability

• Due to abundance of other fabrics like polyester, milk

fabric never really became that popular

• It is expensive


APPLICATIONS

APPLICATIONS

• Intimate garments

• Children’s garments

• T-Shirts

• Sweaters

• Women’s garments

• Sports wear

• Uniforms

• Bedding

• Eye mask

Women’s Garments

SocksEye Mask Hats

New born’s bath towels Dog’s Garment


http://dolorespiscotta.com/cart/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=11&products_id=59

http://dolorespiscotta.com/cart/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=31&products_id=48

OTHER END USES

OTHER END USES

• Plastic

• Glues

• Cosmetics

• Knitting needles

• Pigments

• Pens

• Coating paper

• Leather Chemicals

• Aluminum Foil

• Paints

Plastic and buttons Glue

Knitting Needles Pigments and Paints

Casein Paintings PensASHINI HARIRAM ON CASEIN FIBER

AFTER CARE

• WASHING

Garments containing casein fiber should be washed with care

and treated very gently. High temperatures and strong acid

or alkaline conditions must be avoided. Neutral detergents

are preferable for washing.

• DRYING

Garments should be dried as wool, care being taken to avoid

high temperatures

• IRONING

The full, soft handle of garments containing casein will be

maintained if they are slightly damp or almost dry before

being ironed or pressed. Wool settings should be used.


AFTER CARE

• DRY CLEANING

Casein is not affected by dry cleaning solvents and garments

containing casein can be dry cleaned readily as wool .


DESIGNERS

• DOLRES PISCOTTA has a background in the fine arts:

painting, sculpting, textile design and classical piano and

guitar.

• CASEY LARKIN and her label Mr. Larkin have been

making a big splash in the eco-fashion world over the last

year or so, impressing buyers, press and consumers alike in

showings at the D&A Green Market in LA and The Green

Shows in New York, and recently won the Readers Choice

Award for Emerging Designer of 2009 at ecouterre.com.

• PER SILVERTSEN; The luxurious fashion label Fin,

based in Oslo, The head designer Per Silvertsen was the

winner of Norway’s most prestigious designer fashion award,

Naloyet 2009. All Fin collections are 100% carbon neutral

and are made from organic materials such as cotton, bamboo,

baby alpaca, milk and silk. ASHINI HARIRAM ON CASEIN FIBER

MANUFACTURERS

• Cyarn Textile Co., Ltd.

• Contact: [email protected]

• Fabman Fabrics and Manufacture


• Euroflax Industries (Imports of Textiles)


• Shanghai Zhaokai Import & Export Co

• Contact: http://zhaokai.en.made-in-china.com

• China Xhmart Textile Co., Ltd.

• Ningbo Guang Yuang Fabric Co, Ltd.

• Contact: http://www.new-fabric.com ASHINI HARIRAM ON CASEIN FIBER

CONCLUSION

• All through the years, experts have been devoted to the researches on improved fibers and at present they have succeeded in the development of the globally advanced milk protein fiber, a milestone in the international textile industry.

• Being the optimal combination of nature and hi-tech, it is more accommodated to the needs of people’s modern lifestyle. So far clothing made from milk is expensive so it has a limited market however a handful of companies are experimenting with this fabric.

• Milk Fabrics are so skin-friendly that it itself makes us feel better. To educate designers about these revolutionary materials, the future fashion initiative offers a textile research team. Advances in science are also helping to fill the green wardrobe of tomorrow. Sweaters are knit from spun milk protein. These textiles are where the future innovations are going to lie. It’s taking fashion to a whole new level where it never really existed before- where it’s not just about looking good. It’s about feeling good, too.

• The milk protein fiber is a fresh product as a superior green, healthy and comfortable fiber, which will certainly become popular goods in the market.


THANK YOU!


Education

A STUDY ON CASEIN FIBER