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In this ppt..i represent about the biodiesel production and its use in diesel engine.
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A REVIEW ON ‘’USE OF BIODIESEL IN I.C.
ENGINE”
Submitted to- Submitted by-
Mr.Hari Singh SAGAR PACHAURI SGVU091113227
INTRODUCTION
Today, Automobile industries are focusing
on global warming and saving non-
renewable sources.
Bio diesel is one of the best solution of above mentioned
problems.
Since it is a renewable energy, produce less emission
and it is successfully implemented on existing systems
(cars).
What is Biodiesel?
Biodiesel: An low-emissions, high lubricating alternative diesel
fuel produced from veg.oil / animal fats Non-toxic, Biodegradable Can be combined at any level with petroleum diesel to
fuel diesel engines.
Oil or Fat Alcohol
Soyabean Methanol(common)
Corn Ethanol
Canola
Cottonseed Catalyst
Sunflower Sodium hydroxide
Beef tallow Potassium hydroxide
Used Cooking Oil
Biodiesel Raw Materials
Transesterification
Convert “3-headed” Oils into Hydrocarbons chains similar to petroleum diesel…
Veg. Oil (soya oil), Three fatty acid chains attached to glycerol.
Cetane – typical of petro-diesel
+
Methanol3(CH3OH)
=
Typical “Biodiesel”Methyl-Ester
+
Byproduct: Glycerol aka Glycerine
Biodiesel Blends
B2
B5
B10
B20
B100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100
Biodiesel Petroleum diesel
B100 = 100% biodiesel
B20 = 20% biodiesel + 80% petroleum dieselB10 = 10% biodiesel + 90% petroleum dieselB5 = 5% biodiesel + 95% petroleum dieselB2 = 2% biodiesel + 98% petroleum diesel
High Cetane no. (avg. over 50)
High Lubricity, even in blends as low at 1-2%
High Energy Balance (3.2 to 1)
Low Agriculture Inputs: Soybeans
78% Life Cycle CO2 Reduction
Renewable, Sustainable
Domestically Produced
Reduces HC, PM, CO in existing diesel engines
Reduces NOx in boilers and home heating
Biodiesel Attributes
ADVANTAGES
Bio diesel is environmental friendly. It can help reduce dependency on foreign oil. It helps to lubricate the engine itself, decreasing engine
wear. It offers similar power to diesel fuel. It is safer than conventional diesel. It can be made from waste products.It can be made at home easily.
Its storage for long period is not suitable for engine operation.
It becomes gel in cold weather.It has water content. (Hygroscopic)It degrades rubber.It has higher (10%) Nox emissions.It decreases horsepower. (25%)
DISADVANTAGES
Relative Greenhouse Gas Emissions
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Gasoline
CNG
LPG
Diesel
Ethanol 85%
B20
Diesel Hybrid
Electric
B100B100 = 100% BiodieselB20 = 20% BD + 80% PD
REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS
Effect of biodiesel on engine performancePower performance:-
Contents of Biodiesel Fuel P.P.
• B-100 (Due to lower heating value)• B-20 • B-0 100%
Properties of Biodiesel P.P.• Heating Value • Viscosity• Lubricity
TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
Durability Performance:- Fuel Durability• B-100 (It is reactive in nature) • B-20• B-0 100%
Economy Performance:-• In order to compensate loss of heating value more amount of
biodiesel fuel consumption takes place.• The difference in fuel consumption of diesel & pure BD was 18.5% in
mass & was reduced to 13.5% by volume because of higher density of BD.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS
Biodiesel is least-cost-strategy to comply with state and federal regulations.
Use of biodiesel does not require major engine modifications. The only thing that changes is air quality.
Biodiesel has positive attributes such as increased cetane, high fuel lubricity & high oxygen content.
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
Biodiesel contains fewer aromatic hydrocarbon: benzofluoranthene: 56 % reduction; Benzopyrenes: 71 % reduction .
Biodiesel reduces emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) by approximately 50 % and carbon dioxide by 78 % on a net lifecycle basis.
Biodiesel is biodegradable and non-toxic posing no threat to human health.
Biodiesel reduces by as much as 65 % the emission of small particles of solid combustion products.
Biodiesel has higher cetane rating than petro diesel .
EMISSIONS
The use of biodiesel in a conventional diesel engine results in substantial reduction of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter compared to emissions from diesel fuel.
The ozone (smog) forming potentials of hydrocarbons is less than diesel fuel.
Sulfur emissions are essentially eliminated with pure biodiesel .
Parameter will studied :-• Different vegetable oils used as fuel in C.I.Engine.
Required equipment's:-• Engine test ring• Gas analyzer• Temp indicator• Techo meter• Pressure sensors• Computer
To calculate:-• Brake Thermal Efficiency • Brake specific fuel consumption• Thermal efficiency• Mechanical efficiency
Mtech Thesis Possible
Graboski MS,McCormick RL. Combustion of fat and vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines.
Lapuerta M, Armas O, Rodriguez-Fernandez J. Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions.
Basha SA, Raja Gopal K, Jebaraj S. A review on biodiesel production, combustion, emissions and performance.
Aydin H, Bayindir H. Performance and emission analysis of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine.
Hazar H. Effects of biodiesel on a low heat loss diesel engine. Andree, A. & Pachernegg, S.J. (1969) Ignition conditions in diesel
engines. Society of Automotive Engineering TransactionBabu, A.K. & Devaradjane, G. (2003) Vegetable oils and their
derivatives as fuels for CI engine
REFRENCES
ANY QUERIES ??
THANK YOU