Trade Routes: Trade Routes: Silk Road, Indian Ocean, Silk Road, Indian Ocean,

Trans-SaharanTrans-Saharan►USE THE SHEET: USE THE SHEET:

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Trade Routes: Trade Routes: Silk Road, Indian Ocean, Silk Road, Indian Ocean,

Trans-SaharanTrans-SaharanThe spread of economic activity, The spread of economic activity,

religion, and disease through religion, and disease through tradetrade

Use with 5 – Social Studies – Indian Ocean Trade & Ideas Cloze Noteshttp://tinyurl.com/hjk3zfj

Impact of TradeImpact of Trade►Brought wealth and access to foreign Brought wealth and access to foreign

products and enabled people to products and enabled people to concentrate their efforts on concentrate their efforts on economiceconomic activitiesactivities best suited to their regions best suited to their regions

►Facilitated the spread of Facilitated the spread of religiousreligious traditionstraditions beyond their original beyond their original homelandshomelands

►Facilitated the transmission of Facilitated the transmission of diseasedisease

Where did it go?Where did it go?► Linked China and the Holy Roman EmpireLinked China and the Holy Roman Empire

The two extreme ends of EurasiaThe two extreme ends of Eurasia► Started in the Han capital of Chang’an and went west to the Started in the Han capital of Chang’an and went west to the

Taklamakan DesertTaklamakan Desert There the road split into two main branches that skirted the There the road split into two main branches that skirted the

desert to the north and southdesert to the north and south► In northern Iran, the route joined with roads to ports In northern Iran, the route joined with roads to ports

on the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf and on the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf and proceeded to Palmyra (modern Syria)proceeded to Palmyra (modern Syria) There it met roads coming from Arabia and ports on the Red There it met roads coming from Arabia and ports on the Red

SeaSea► The Silk Roads also provided access at ports like The Silk Roads also provided access at ports like

Guangzhou in southern China that led to maritime Guangzhou in southern China that led to maritime routes to India and Ceylon (modern-day Sri Lanka)routes to India and Ceylon (modern-day Sri Lanka)

Organization of Long-distance Organization of Long-distance TradeTrade

► Individual merchants usually did not travel Individual merchants usually did not travel from one end of Eurasia to the otherfrom one end of Eurasia to the other

► Instead they handled long-distance trade in Instead they handled long-distance trade in stagesstages

Silk Road Trade to the WestSilk Road Trade to the West► Silk and spices traveled west Silk and spices traveled west

from southeast Asia, China, and from southeast Asia, China, and IndiaIndia China was the only country in China was the only country in

classical times where classical times where cultivators and weavers had cultivators and weavers had developed techniques for developed techniques for producing high-quality silk producing high-quality silk fabricsfabrics

Spices served not just to Spices served not just to season food but also as drugs, season food but also as drugs, anesthetics, perfumes, anesthetics, perfumes, aromatics, and magical aromatics, and magical potionspotions

Chinese silk making

Silk Road Trade to the EastSilk Road Trade to the East► Central Asia produced large, strong horses Central Asia produced large, strong horses

and jade that was highly prized by Chinese and jade that was highly prized by Chinese stone carversstone carvers

► The Roman empire traded glassware, The Roman empire traded glassware, jewelry, works of art, decorative items, jewelry, works of art, decorative items, perfumes, bronze goods, wool and linen perfumes, bronze goods, wool and linen textiles, pottery, iron tools, olive oil, wine, textiles, pottery, iron tools, olive oil, wine, and gold and silver bullionand gold and silver bullion

Spread of Religion: Buddhism Spread of Religion: Buddhism and Hinduismand Hinduism

► Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) first announced his doctrine first announced his doctrine publicly in India in 528 B.C. publicly in India in 528 B.C. By the 3By the 3rdrd Century B.C., Buddhism Century B.C., Buddhism

was well-established in northern was well-established in northern IndiaIndia

► Buddhism was especially Buddhism was especially successful in attracting successful in attracting merchants as convertsmerchants as converts Merchants carried Buddhism Merchants carried Buddhism

along the Silk Roads where it first along the Silk Roads where it first established a presence in the established a presence in the oasis towns where merchants and oasis towns where merchants and their caravans stopped for food, their caravans stopped for food, rest, lodging, and marketsrest, lodging, and markets

► Hinduism also spread along the Hinduism also spread along the Silk Roads, primarily along the Silk Roads, primarily along the sea lanessea lanes

Spread of Religion: Spread of Religion: ChristianityChristianity

► Antioch, the western Antioch, the western terminus of the overland terminus of the overland Silk Roads, was an Silk Roads, was an important center in early important center in early ChristianityChristianity

► Like other religions, Like other religions, Christianity followed the Christianity followed the trade routes and trade routes and expanded east throughout expanded east throughout Mesopotamia, Iran, and as Mesopotamia, Iran, and as far away as Indiafar away as India

► However, its greatest However, its greatest concentration was in the concentration was in the Mediterranean basin, Mediterranean basin, where the Roman Roads, where the Roman Roads, like the Silk Roads, like the Silk Roads, provided ready provided ready transportationtransportation

Disease: Bubonic PlagueDisease: Bubonic Plague► During the 1330s plague erupted in During the 1330s plague erupted in

southwestern Chinasouthwestern China► During the 1340s, Mongols, merchants, and During the 1340s, Mongols, merchants, and

other travelers helped to spread the disease other travelers helped to spread the disease along trade routes to points west of Chinaalong trade routes to points west of China

► By 1346 it had reached the Black Sea ports By 1346 it had reached the Black Sea ports of Caffa and Tanaof Caffa and Tana

Bubonic Plague in EuropeBubonic Plague in Europe► In 1347 Italian In 1347 Italian

merchants fled the merchants fled the plague-infected plague-infected Black Sea ports and Black Sea ports and unwittingly spread unwittingly spread the disease to the the disease to the Mediterranean Mediterranean BasinBasin

► By 1348, following By 1348, following trade routes, plague trade routes, plague had sparked had sparked epidemics in most epidemics in most of western Europeof western Europe

Illustration of bubonic Illustration of bubonic plague in the plague in the

Toggenburg Bible (1411)Toggenburg Bible (1411)

End of Silk RoadEnd of Silk Road► The spread of the bubonic

plague and the collapse of the Mongol Empire

► Muslim mariners began avoiding the overland route

► Europeans wanted access to those Asian goods without having to go through the Muslim middlemen

► They began seeking maritime trade routes directly to Asia which would largely displace the Silk Roads

► European Explorations

Indian Ocean TradeIndian Ocean Trade► ““Zone of interaction”Zone of interaction”► First ocean to be First ocean to be

crossedcrossed► ““Sailor's ocean”Sailor's ocean”

Warm waterWarm water Fairly placid watersFairly placid waters Wind patterns: one Wind patterns: one

way = north of way = north of equator, the other = equator, the other = south of the equatorsouth of the equator

► Lateen Sail allowed Lateen Sail allowed sailors to sail sailors to sail across the Indian across the Indian ocean, could sail ocean, could sail into windinto wind

Trade GoodsTrade Goods► Teak from IndiaTeak from India► Mangrove swamps in East AfricaMangrove swamps in East Africa► Arabian horses to IndiaArabian horses to India► Spices from Southeast Asia & Spices from Southeast Asia &

Spice IslandsSpice Islands► Frankincense from Arabia and Frankincense from Arabia and

AfricaAfrica► Slave trades & labor migrationsSlave trades & labor migrations

Slaves from East Africa to Slaves from East Africa to Arabia/IndiaArabia/India

From Southeast Asia to Southern From Southeast Asia to Southern AfricaAfrica

Spread of IdeasSpread of Ideas►ReligionReligion

Indian merchants brought Brahmin priestsIndian merchants brought Brahmin priests Muslim scholars brought by Arab merchantsMuslim scholars brought by Arab merchants Christian merchants brought priestsChristian merchants brought priests

►Trading LanguageTrading Language Swahili: mix of Arabic, Indian, and Bantu Swahili: mix of Arabic, Indian, and Bantu

(African)(African)