Chapter 3: Cognitive

Prepared by: Melanie P. Duenas

Distinction of Cognitive and Metacognitive

Learning Strategies

COGNITIVE

Cognitive refers involves mental activities, such as thinking, learning and understanding.

Cognitive Strategies are general methods of thinking that improve learning across a variety of

subject areas. Cognitive strategies go beyond the processes that are naturally required for

carrying out a task

Cognitive Strategies

Strategies to improve Memory

a. Rehearsal

b. Elaboration

c. Organization

Reading Comprehension

-the goal of reading instruction is to train learners not how to say words but how to get

meaning out of them.

Reading Comprehension

-the goal of reading instruction is to train learners not how to say words but how to get

meaning out of them.

Strategies for General Problem Solving

a. Identify the Problem

b. Define Terms

c. Explore Strategies

d. Act on Strategy

e. Look at the effects

METACOGNITIVE

Cognition about cognition or “thinking about thinking”. For a quick definition, metacognition

is a regulatory system that helps a person understand and control his own performance

Metacognitive Strategies

These strategies facilitate “Learning how to Learn”

a. Ask Questions

b. Find a Mentor

c. Find a Group

d. Self-explanation

e. Be ok with errors.

Establishing Metacognitive

Environment

A Metacognitive Environment encourages awareness of thinking.

In creation of Metacognitive Environment, teachers monitor and apply their

knowledge, deliberately metacognitive behavior to assist students become aware of

their own thinking.

Problem solving and Research activities in all subjects provide opportunities for

developing metacognitive strategies.

Process goals, must be established and evaluated with students. So they will discover

that understanding and transferring thinking process improves learning.

Metacognitive strategies are essential for 21st century students will develop their

skills which will not become obsolete.