Production & Perception

Transcription

VOWELS PART TWO

Eka Andriyani, S.Pd., M.Hum

In the previous subject, we have discussed about the three kinds of

phonetics.

They are:

Articulatory phonetics;

Acoustic phonetics;

Auditory phonetics.

Articulatory Phonetics → how individual speech

sound is produced or

articulated;

Acoustic Phonetics → how the process of the

physical properties of

sound transmission;

Auditory Phonetics → how a listener perceives

and understands a sound.

In the articulatory aspect of vowel

sounds, the air and human speech

organ (vocal tracks) play very important

roles in the production of each individual

speech sound.

In addition, the production and their

sound perception are also important and

are closely related.

1. PRODUCTION &

PERCEPTION OF VOWELS

Production & Perception Exercise:

Read the following sets of words with correct vowel sounds:

ki:pi:k bʌbɑ: læmæm

kɪpi:k bɑ:bɑ: læməm

ki:pɪk bɑ:bʌ ləmæm

kɪpɪk bæbɑ: lɜ:məm

kəpi:k bʌbʌ lɔ:mem

kæpɪk bɒbɑ: lu:mɜ:m

This kind of way of doing ear training work

will be helpful to look carefully at a person

pronouncing the unknown words.

In other words, by doing such an exercise,

you will be able to practice your ability of

producing some different speech sounds

while others perceiving the sounds.

2. THE TRANSCRIPTION

OF VOWELS

The transcription of the contrasting vowels in English is more difficult than the transcription of consonants because the dialects of English differ more in their use of vowels than in their use of consonants.

In addition, one of the principal problems in transcribing English phonetically is, that there are more vowel sounds than letters in the alphabet.

Symbols for Transcribing Vowels in

English:Vowels: Words:

Phonetic

Transcriptions:

[i:] see [si:]

[i] any [eni]

[ɪ] sit [sɪt]

[æ] hat [hæt]

[e] ten [ten]

[ɑ:] arm [ɑ:(r)m]

[ʌ] cup [kʌp]

[ɔ:] saw [sɔ:]

[ɒ] got [gɒt]

[ɜ:] fur [fɜ:(r)]

[ə] ago [ə’gəʊ]

[u:] too [tu:]

[ʊ] put [pʊt]

Transcribe the following contrasting

words into their Phonetic

Transcriptions:

EXERCISE-1:

1

Hood

Answer

/hʊd/

2

Hoot

Answer

/hu:t/

3

Hut

Answer

/hʌt/

4

Hot

Answer

/hɒt/

5

Heart

Answer

/hɑ:t/

6

Hat

Answer

/hæt/

7

Her

Answer

/hɜ:(r)/

8

Here

Answer

/hɪə(r)/

9

Hair

Answer

/heə(r)/

10

Hire

Answer

/haɪə(r)/

Find the errors of the phonetic

symbol for the following words:

EXERCISE-2:

1. wife [wɑ:ɪf] should be

2. stop [stɔ:p] should be

3. stomach [stʌmeɪk] should be

4. fish [fi:ʃ] should be

5. qualify [kwʌlɪfaɪ] should be

6. manage [mænədʒ] should be

7. traffic [trefɪk] should be

8. magnify [mægni:faɪ] should be

9. never [nevæ(r)] should be

10. not [nɔ:t] should be

[waɪf]

[stɒp]

[stʌmək]

[fɪʃ]

[kwɒlɪfaɪ]

[mænɪdʒ]

[træfɪk]

[mægnɪfaɪ]

[nevə(r)]

[nɒt]

11. hand [hend] should be

12. football [fʊtbol] should be

13. tea-set [tiset] should be

14. tomcat [tomkæt] should be

15. tiptoe [tIptoʊ] should be

16. avoid [ævɔId] should be

17. remain [remeIn] should be

18. roommate [rɔmmeIt] should be

19. umbrella [umbrelə] should be

20. go [goʊ] should be

[hænd]

[fʊtbɔ:l]

[ti:set]

[tɒmkæt]

[tIptəʊ]

[əvɔId]

[rImeIn]

[ru:mmeIt]

[ʌmbrelə]

[gəʊ]

Transcribe the following

words or phrases.

Then, say the words and phrases

aloud.

EXERCISE-3:

1. chocolate pudding

2. modern languages

3. impossibility

4. boisterous

5. youngster

6. another

7. diabolical

8. nearly

9. red riding hood

10. inexcusable

/ tʃɒklət pʊdɪŋ /

/ mɒdn læŋgwɪdʒ /

/ nɪə(r)li /

/ ɪmpɒsəbɪləti /

/ bɔɪstərəs /

/ jʌŋstə(r) /

/ ənʌðə(r) /

/ daɪəbɒlɪkl /

/ red raɪdɪŋ hʊd /

/ ɪnɪkskju:zəbl /

Change these Phonetic Transcriptions into

the Correct English Sentences!

ði ɜ:liəst fəʊnətɪʃns wə(r) ði ɪndɪən

grəmeərɪənz hu: wɒntɪd tə prɪzɜ:v wɒt ðeɪ

θɔ:t tə bi: ðə kərekt prənʌnsieɪʃn əv sænskrɪt

ðeə(r) məʊtɪvz wə(r) rɪlɪdʒəs ɪn ðæt ɪt wəz

veri ɪmpɔ:tnt tə ðəm ðæt ðeə(r) həʊli

skrɪptʃə(r)z ʃʊd bi: prənaʊnsd ɪn ðə trədɪʃənl

weɪ

ðeə(r) əkaʊnts əv ðə saʊnd pætn əv sænskrɪt

ɑ:(r) stɪl haɪli rɪgɑ:dɪd baɪ lɪŋgwɪsts

ANSWER:

The earliest phoneticians were the Indian

grammarians who wanted to preserve what they

thought to be the correct pronunciation of

Sanskrit.

Their motives were religious in that it was very

important to them that their holy scriptures

should be pronounced in the traditional way.

Their accounts of the sound pattern of Sanskrit

are still highly regarded by linguists.

ɪt ɪz pɒsəbl tə trænskraɪb fənetɪklɪ eni ʌtrəns

ɪn eni læŋgwɪdʒ ɪn sevrəl dɪfrənt weɪz ɔ:l əv

ðəm ju:zɪŋ ði ælfəbet ænd kənvenʃnz əv ði aɪ

pi: eɪ (ðə seɪm θɪŋ ɪz pɒsəbl wɪð məʊst ʌðə(r)

ɪntənæʃnl fənetɪk ælfəbets)

ə trænskrɪpʃn wɪtʃ ɪz meɪd baɪ ju:zɪŋ letə(r)z

əv ðə sɪmpləst pɒsəbl ʃeɪps, ənd ɪn ðə

sɪmpləst pɒsɪbl nʌmbə(r) ɪz kɔ:ld ə sɪmpl

fəʊnɪmɪk trænskrɪpʃn

Change these Phonetic Transcriptions

into the Correct English Sentences!

ANSWER:

It is possible to transcribe phonetically any utterance, in any language, in several different ways all of them using the alphabet and conventions of the IPA, (the same thing is possible with most other International Phonetic Alphabets).

A transcription which is made by using letters of the simplest possible shapes, and in the simplest possible number, is called a simple phonemic transcription.