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Professor Rebekah Russell-Bennett, Queensland University of Technology, presented this workshop on How to Reverse-engineer a Journal Article Research on 14th April 2014 at the Whitaker Institute, NUI Galway.
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How to Reverse-engineer a Journal Article
Professor Rebekah Russell-Bennett
Queensland University of Technology
National University of Ireland, Galway, 2014
What is RE?
Extracting knowledge
or ‘blueprint’
Discover the methods for
writing YOUR article
Efficiency (why
reinvent the wheel?)
Effective use of resources
(time, money, self-
esteem)
Increase likelihood of success (if it looks like a
duck….)
Why reverse-engineer an article?
Caveat: This is only one way to write an article it is not THE only way.
Template: Harris and Reynolds
2003 –writing up qualitative findings (producing a model and propositions)
Published article Leo and Russell-Bennett
2012 – Journal of Marketing Management (ERA A) article on qualitative findings for customer-oriented deviance.
The proof it works
1. Pick your target
2. Read the author requirements
3. Find an example article
4. Deconstruct the article
5. Reconstruct your article-structure
6. Add your content
7. Identify papers to cite
Steps to reverse-engineering a journal article
Deconstruction Phase
You either:
design your research around the requirements of the journal
Or
Find the journal where your research will fit
1. Pick your target
V
It might sound crazy but READ the author requirements published on the journal website Example: Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science
http://www.springer.com/business+%26+management/journal/11747 What are the aims/scope? Will your research fit?
In order for a manuscript to be published in JAMS it must, at the minimum, meet the following criteria:
Focus on a substantive issue in the domain of marketing Offer fundamentally new insights that advance the field Be literature-based and scholarly Demonstrate conceptual rigor Provide evidence of methodological rigor, if an empirical piece
If you think your research fits then commence – if not find another journal
2. Author requirements
Articles have conventions of setting up research and reporting findings.
Find an example article in your chosen journal that uses the same analysis technique
Multilevel regression: Homburg and Furst 2011
Experiment: Du, Fan and Feng 2011
3. Find an exemplar article
12th Century manuscript Requirements
• Illumination • Colour • Latin • Large opening capital
letter
19th Century manuscript Requirements
• Italics, bold and underlined headings
• Direct quotes • Black and white
Step 1. Heading structure and paper format
Step 2. Style
Step 3 Contribution
Step 4 Purpose and key frameworks
Step 5 logic and structure
Step 6 Synthesis techniques
Step 7 Conventions
Step 8 Linking findings back to literature
4. Deconstruct the example article(s)
How many heading levels?
How many words in each section?
Where is the emphasis?
Open up a new word doc:
Type up the headings with word count
4.1 Heading structure and paper format
Step 2. Style
Title: Quirky? Every variable in your model?
Language style
US? British? English
Passive vs active
Readership age
4.2 Style
Score Notes
90.0–100.0 easily understood by an average 11-year-old student
60.0–70.0 easily understood by 13- to 15-year-old students
0.0–30.0 best understood by university graduates
Importance of research
Identify Gap, RQ and contribution in Introduction and discussion
How do they ‘frame’ the contribution?
In which paragraphs is this stated? Add this to your word doc
Can you see the relationship between gap and contribution? Gap and RQ?
What is the scope of the research?
At what level of cognition is the article operating? (Bloom’s Taxonomy)?
4.3 Contribution
What is the goal and aim of research (should link to RQ)?
In which paragraph is this stated?
How is theory used in the front section of the paper?
What theories, definitions are used and where are they stated?
What are the seminal papers in the field (how do you know?)
4.4 Purpose and key frameworks
What is the purpose of each section?
What is the purpose of each paragraph?
Write this for each section and paragraph on your word doc
4.5 Logic and structure
How do they synthesise the literature?
Do they use visuals?
Mindmaps, tables, lists, figures
List techniques you might use in your word doc
4. 6 Synthesis technique
How is the hypotheses/proposition phrased?
H1. Materialism has a negative association with life satisfaction
Vs
When conferred in the presence of others, preferential treatment that is earned (vs. unearned) will result in increased (vs. attenuated) satisfaction with a shopping experience.
How are the results reported?
Sample, measures, validity/reliability
Table format for results
Add these conventions to your word doc
4.7 Conventions
Reconstruction Phase
Using the notes from the deconstruction, draft up your own structure
Level 1, 2 and 3 headings Number of words Purpose of each section Key words for each paragraph Wording of hypotheses/propositions Location of gap/RQ – top and tail Language Conventions
5. Draft structure for your article
Take content from your thesis and pair it down
What is your research topic?
What is your key contribution?
What is a good title that ‘fits’ the journal?
What are your headings (this builds your logic structure)?
What is the purp
ose of each of your sections/paragraphs?
How should you word your hypotheses/propositions?
Add the tables and reporting requirements
Manchester Uni Phrasebank
6. Reconstruct: Now add your own content
You should continue a conversation in a journal It shows you are familiar with the journal
One of the authors in the journal may be a reviewer
Search the journal Keywords that are in your article
Topic area of your research
Seminal authors cited in your research
Read the articles and work out if you should cite them in your article
7. Who do you need to cite?
Pay attention to the details
Punctuation
Spelling
Grammar
8. Proofing and editing