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Lesson 20
Present Subjunctive Active
Recitation
♦model verbs 6 tenses active and passive
amo amare amavi amatusPresent
amo amamus
amas amatis
amat amant
Imperfect
amabam amabamus
amabas amabatis
amabat amabant
Future
amabo amabimus
amabis amabitis
amabit amabunt
amo amare amavi amatusPerfect
amavi amavimus
amavisti amavistis
amavit amaverunt
Pluperfect
amaveram amaveramus
amaveras amaveratis
amaverat amaverant
Future Perfect
amavero amaverimus
amaveris amaveritis
amaverit amaverint
amo amare amavi amatusPresent
amor amamur
amaris amamini
amatur amantur
Imperfect
amabar amabamur
amabaris amabamini
amabatur amabantur
Future
amabor amabimur
amaberis amabimini
amabitur amabuntur
amo amare amavi amatusPerfect
amatus –a –um, sum amati –ae –a, sumus
es estis
est sunt
Pluperfect
amatus –a –um, eram amati –ae –a, eramus
eras eratis
erat erant
Future Perfect
amatus –a –um, ero amati –ae –a, erimus
eris eritis
erit erunt
moneo monēre monui monitus
Present
moneo monemus
mones monetis
monet monent
Imperfect
monebam monebamus
monebas monebatis
monebat monebant
Future
monebo monebimus
monebis monebitis
monebit monebunt
moneo monēre monui monitus
Perfect
monui monuimus
monuisti monuistis
monuit monuerunt
Pluperfect
monueram monueramus
monueras monueratis
monuerat monuerant
Future Perfect
monuero monuerimus
monueris monueritis
monuerit monuerint
moneo monēre monui monitus
Present
moneor monemur
moneris monemini
monetur monentur
Imperfect
monebar monebamur
monebaris monebamini
monebatur monebantur
Future
monebor monebimur
moneberis monebimini
monebitur monebuntur
moneo monēre monui monitus
Perfect
monitus –a –um, sum moniti –ae –a, sumus
es estis
est sunt
Pluperfect
monitus –a –um, eram moniti –ae –a, eramus
eras eratis
erat erant
Future Perfect
monitus –a –um, ero moniti –ae –a, erimus
eris eritis
erit erunt
rego regere rexi rectusPresent
rego regimus
regis regitis
regit regunt
Imperfect
regebam regebamus
regebas regebatis
regebat regebant
Future
regam regemus
reges regetis
reget regent
rego regere rexi rectusPerfect
rexi reximus
rexisti rexistis
rexit rexerunt
Pluperfect
rexeram rexeramus
rexeras rexeratis
rexerat rexerant
Future Perfect
rexero rexerimus
rexeris rexeritis
rexerit rexerint
rego regere rexi rectusPresent
regor regimur
regeris regimini
regitur reguntur
Imperfect
regebar regebamur
regebaris regebamini
regebatur regebantur
Future
regar regemur
regeris regemini
regetur regentur
rego regere rexi rectusPerfect
rectus –a –um, sum recti –ae –a, sumus
es estis
est sunt
Pluperfect
rectus –a –um, eram recti –ae –a, eramus
eras eratis
erat erant
Future Perfect
rectus –a –um, ero recti –ae –a, erimus
eris eritis
erit erunt
audio audire audivi auditusPresent
audio audimus
audis auditis
audit audiunt
Imperfect
audiebam audiebamus
audiebas audiebatis
audiebat audiebant
Future
audiam audiemus
audies audietis
audiet audient
audio audire audivi auditusPerfect
audivi audivimus
audivisti audivistis
audivit audiverunt
Pluperfect
audiveram audiveramus
audiveras audiveratis
audiverat audiverant
Future Perfect
audivero audiverimus
audiveris audiveritis
audiverit audiverint
audio audire audivi auditusPresent
audior audimur
audiris audimini
auditur audiuntur
Imperfect
audiebar audiebamur
audiebaris audiebamini
audiebatur audiebantur
Future
audiar audiemur
audieris audiemini
audietur audientur
audio audire audivi auditusPerfect
auditus –a –um, sum auditi –ae –a, sumus
es estis
est sunt
Pluperfect
auditus –a –um, eram auditi –ae –a, eramus
eras eratis
erat erant
Future Perfect
auditus –a –um, ero auditi –ae –a, erimus
eris eritis
erit erunt
capio capere cepi captusPresent
capio capimus
capis capitis
capit capiunt
Imperfect
capiebam capiebamus
capiebas capiebatis
capiebat capiebant
Future
capiam capiemus
capies capietis
capiet capient
capio capere cepi captusPerfect
cepi cepimus
cepisti cepistis
cepit ceperunt
Pluperfect
ceperam ceperamus
ceperas ceperatis
ceperat ceperant
Future Perfect
cepero ceperimus
ceperis ceperitis
ceperit ceperint
capio capere cepi captusPresent
capior capimur
caperis capimini
capitur capiuntur
Imperfect
capiebar capiebamur
capiebaris capiebamini
capiebatur capiebantur
Future
capiar capiemur
capieris capiemini
capietur capientur
capio capere cepi captusPerfect
captus –a –um, sum capti –ae –a, sumus
es estis
est sunt
Pluperfect
captus –a –um, eram capti –ae –a, eramus
eras eratis
erat erant
Future Perfect
captus –a –um, ero capti –ae –a, erimus
eris eritis
erit erunt
Recitation
♦imperatives
RecitationVerb Singular Plural Meaning
amo, amare ama amate Love!
moneo, monēre monē monete Warn!
rego, regere rege regite Rule!
capio, capere cape capite Take!
audio, audire audi audite Hear!
sum, esse es este Be!
dico, dicere dic dicite Speak!
duco, ducere duc ducite Lead!
facio, facere fac facite Make!
Recitation
♦5 declensions:mensa, servus, bellum, pater, flumen, portus, res
Recitation
♦Adjectives:acer acris acrebrevis –epotens potentis
Recitation
SIngular
M F
N
acer acris
acre
acris acris
acri acri
acrem acre
acri acri
Plural
M /F N
acres acria
acrium acrium
acribus acribus
acres acria
acribus acribus
Recitation
SIngular
M /F N
brevis breve
brevis brevis
brevi brevi
brevem breve
brevi brevi
Plural
M /F N
breves brevia
brevium brevium
brevibus brevibus
breves brevia
brevibus brevibus
RecitationM/F
Singular Plural
potens potentes
potentis potentium
potenti potentibus
potentem potentes
potenti potentibus
N
Singular Plural
potens potentia
potentis potentium
potenti potentibus
potens potentia
potenti potentibus
Recitation
♦Preposition Songs:-ab corum cum de ex in prae pro sine sub tenus
-ad ante apud in inter ob per post propter sub trans circum contra juxta
Recitation
♦Ordinal & Cardinal Numbers
RecitationCardinal Ordinal
unus –a –um one primus –a –um
first
duo –ae –o two secundus –a –um
second
tres tria three tertius –a –um
third
quattuor four quartus –a –um
fourth
quinque five quintus –a –um
fifth
sex six sextus –a –um
sixth
septem seven septimus –a –um
seventh
octo eight octavus –a –um
eighth
novem nine nonus –a –um
ninth
decem ten decimus –a –um
tenth
RecitationRoman
NumeralCardinal
XI undecim eleven
XII duodecim twelve
XIII tredecim thirteen
XIV quattuordecim
fourteen
XV quindecim fifteen
XVI sedecim sixteen
XVII septendecim seventeen
XVIII duodeviginti eighteen
XIX undeviginti nineteen
XX viginti twenty
Recitation3rd Person Pronouns;
Demonstrative Pronouns (1)Singular
Masculine
Feminine Neuter
is ea id
ejus ejus ejus
ei ei ei
eum eam id
eo eā eo
Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter
ei eae ea
eorum earum eorum
eis eis eis
eos eas ea
eis eis eis
RecitationDemonstrative Pronouns (Near) (2)
Singular Plural
M F N M F N
hic haec hoc hi hae haechujus hujus hujus horu
mharum
horum
huic huic huic his his hishunc hanc hoc hos has haechoc hac hoc his his his
RecitationDemonstrative Pronouns (Far) (3)
Singular Plural
M F N M F N
ille illa illud illi illae illaillíus illíus illíus illoru
millarum
illorum
illi illi illi illis illis illisillum illam illud illos illas illaillo illā illo illis illis illis
RecitationDemonstrative Pronouns
(Near to Person Spoken to) (4)
Singular Plural
M F N M F N
iste ista istud isti istae ista
istíus istíus istíus istorum istarum
istorum
isti isti isti istis istis istis
istum istam istud istos istas ista
isto istā isto istis istis istis
RecitationIntensive Pronouns
Singular Plural
M F N M F N
ipse ipsa ipsum
ipsi ipsae ipsa
ipsíus ipsíus ipsíus
ipsorum
ipsarum
ipsorum
ipsi ipsi ipsi ipsis ipsis ipsis
ipsum ipsam ipsum
ipsos ipsas ipsa
ipso ipsā ipso ipsis ipsis ipsis
Recitation3rd Person Reflexive Pronouns
Case Form Meaning
Nom ----
Gen. sui of himself, herself, itself, themselves
Dat. sibi to/for himself, herself, itself, themselves
Acc. se himself, herself, itself, themselves
Abl. se ibwf himself, herself, itself, themselves
RecitationReflexive Pronoun Adjectives
Person
Singular Meaning
Plural Meaning
1st meus mea meum
my (own) noster nostra nostrum
our (own)
2nd tuus tua tuum your (own)
vester vestra vestrum
your (pl.) (own)
3rd suus sua suum his, her, its, their (own)
Latin Saying
Cáveat emptor.
Latin Sayings
Let the buyer beware.
Grammar Questions
What are the six attributes of a Latin verb?
Grammar Questions
What are the six attributes of a Latin verb?conjugation, person, number, tense,
voice, mood
Grammar Questions
How many conjugations are there? How many have we covered?
Grammar Questions
How many conjugations are there? How many have we covered?
There are four conjugations and we have covered all four.
Grammar Questions
How many persons? How many have we covered?
Grammar Questions
How many persons? How many have we covered?
There are three persons and we have covered all three.
Grammar Questions
How many numbers? How many have we covered?
Grammar Questions
How many numbers? How many have we covered?
There are two and we have covered both.
Grammar Questions
How many tenses? How many have we covered?
Grammar Questions
How many tenses? How many have we covered?
There are six and we have covered all six.
Grammar Questions
How many voices? How many have we covered? What are they?
Grammar Questions
How many voices? How many have we covered? What are they?
There are two, we have covered both, and they are active and passive.
Grammar Questions
How many moods? What are they? How many have we covered?
Grammar Questions
How many moods? What are they? How many have we covered?
There are three: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive. We have covered the first two.
Grammar
The subjunctive has two voices and four tenses; the future and future perfect are missing from the subjunctive.
Grammar
The subjunctive has two voices and four tenses; the future and future perfect are missing from the subjunctive.
The subjunctive is very common in Latin, but infrequent in English, where it is expressed by words such as let, may, might, should, could, and would.
Grammar
The difference between indicative and subjunctive:
indicative: actual events or actionssubjunctive: potential events or actions
Grammar
The difference between indicative and subjunctive:
indicative: actual events or actionssubjunctive: potential events or actions
My children go to school.
Grammar
The difference between indicative and subjunctive:
indicative: actual events or actionssubjunctive: potential events or actions
My children go to school. – actual/indicative
Grammar
The difference between indicative and subjunctive:
indicative: actual events or actionssubjunctive: potential events or actions
My children go to school. – actual/indicativeI want my children to go to school.
Grammar
The difference between indicative and subjunctive:
indicative: actual events or actionssubjunctive: potential events or actions
My children go to school. – actual/indicativeI want my children to go to school. –
potential/subjunctive
GrammarIn the chart you see the present subjunctive active for all the
model verbs.Notice that present subjunctive is formed by changing or
adding the vowel directly before the personal ending.
1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io 4th
amem moneam regam capiam audiam
ames moneas regas capias audias
amet moneat regat capiat audiat
amemus
moneamus
regamus
capiamus
audiamus
ametis moneatis regatis capiatis audiatis
ament moneant regant capiant audiant
GrammarIn the chart you see the present subjunctive active for all the
model verbs.Notice that present subjunctive is formed by changing or
adding the vowel directly before the personal ending.
1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io 4th
amem moneam regam capiam audiam
ames moneas regas capias audias
amet moneat regat capiat audiat
amemus moneamus regamus
capiamus
audiamus
ametis moneatis regatis capiatis audiatis
ament moneant regant capiant audiant
GrammarIn the chart you see the present subjunctive active for all the
model verbs.Notice that present subjunctive is formed by changing or
adding the vowel directly before the personal ending.
1st
amem
ames
amet
amemus
ametis
ament
In the 1st conjugation, substitute e for a.
GrammarIn the chart you see the present subjunctive active for all the
model verbs.Notice that present subjunctive is formed by changing or
adding the vowel directly before the personal ending.
In the 2nd conjugation, add a.
2nd
moneam
moneas
moneat
moneamus
moneatis
moneant
GrammarIn the chart you see the present subjunctive active for all the
model verbs.Notice that present subjunctive is formed by changing or
adding the vowel directly before the personal ending.
In the 3rd conjugation substitute a for vowels iou.
3rd
regam
regas
regat
regamus
regatis
regant
GrammarIn the chart you see the present subjunctive active for all the
model verbs.Notice that present subjunctive is formed by changing or
adding the vowel directly before the personal ending.
In the 3rd io conjugation add a.
3rd io
capiam
capias
capiat
capiamus
capiatis
capiant
GrammarIn the chart you see the present subjunctive active for all the
model verbs.Notice that present subjunctive is formed by changing or
adding the vowel directly before the personal ending.
In the 4th conjugation add a.
4th
audiam
audias
audiat
audiamus
audiatis
audiant
GrammarYou can learn the vowels of the present
subjunctive by remembering this sentence:We beat a liar. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th (3rd io)
1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io 4th
amem moneam regam capiam audiam
ames moneas regas capias audias
amet moneat regat capiat audiat
amemus moneamus regamus
capiamus
audiamus
ametis moneatis regatis capiatis audiatis
ament moneant regant capiant audiant
GrammarThe meaning of the subjunctive is
determined by the context, but we will memorize these in the chart:
Person Singular Plural
1st I may love we may love
2nd you may love you all may love
3rd he, she, it may love
they may love
GrammarHortatory SubjunctiveOften the subjunctive expresses an
exhortation, indirect command, or a strong wish, usually translated by let, may, and let/may:
Oremus Let us pray. (exhortation)Vincas May you overcome. (strong wish)Veniat Let him come. / (indirect
command)May he come. (strong wish)
GrammarHortatory SubjunctiveOften the subjunctive expresses an
exhortation, indirect command, or a strong wish, usually translated by let, may, and let/may:
Oremus Let us pray. (exhortation)Vincas May you overcome. (strong wish)Veniat Let him come. / (indirect
command)May he come. (strong wish)
GrammarHortatory SubjunctiveOften the subjunctive expresses an
exhortation, indirect command, or a strong wish, usually translated by let, may, and let/may:
Oremus Let us pray. (exhortation)Vincas May you overcome. (strong wish)Veniat Let him come. / (indirect
command)May he come. (strong wish)
GrammarHortatory SubjunctiveOften the subjunctive expresses an
exhortation, indirect command, or a strong wish, usually translated by let, may, and let/may:
Oremus Let us pray. (exhortation)Vincas May you overcome. (strong wish)Veniat Let him come. / (indirect
command)May he come. (strong wish)
Practice
♦Translatemittamus
Practice
♦TranslateLet us send.
Practice
♦TranslateJaciat.
Practice
♦TranslateLet him (her) throw.
Practice
♦Translateteneat
Practice
♦TranslateLet him (her) hold.
Practice
♦Translatedormias
Practice
♦TranslateMay you sleep.
Practice
♦Translatelaborent
Practice
♦TranslateLet them work.
Practice
♦TranslateLet us build a city.
Practice
♦TranslateUrbem struamus.
Practice
♦Conjugate muto in the indicative active and indicative passive.
Practice
♦Conjugate laudo, video, dico, facio, and venio in the present subjunctive active.