1 passive voice (importante)

The Passive Voice

PRESENTPAST

FUTUREPRESENT PERFECT

Example...

Mary designs a beautiful dress.

A beautiful dress is designed by Mary.

Pay attention...

Mary designs a beautiful dress.

A beautiful dress is designed by Mary.

Simple Present

VERB TO BE in the

Simple Present

MAIN VERB in the

Past Participle

FORMATION (PRESENT)FORMATION (PRESENT)

SubjectSubject + + present form of the verb to bepresent form of the verb to be + +

Past Participle (3rd form of irregular verbs)Past Participle (3rd form of irregular verbs)

Charles Charles writeswrites a booka book..

A bookA book isis writtenwritten by Charles. by Charles.

Charles Charles cleanscleans the windowsthe windows..

The windowsThe windows areare cleanedcleaned by Charles. by Charles.

Try to complete the sentence…

The girl buys a new pair of shoes.

A new pair of shoes____ _______

by the girl.is bought

ACTIVE PASSIVEACTIVE PASSIVE

I write a book.I write a book.

You write a book.You write a book.

He writes a book.He writes a book.

We write a book.We write a book.

You write a book.You write a book.

They write a book.They write a book.

A book is written by me.A book is written by me.

A book is written by you.A book is written by you.

A book is written by him.A book is written by him.

A book is written by us.A book is written by us.

A book is written by you.A book is written by you.

A book is written by them.A book is written by them.

FORMATION (PAST)FORMATION (PAST)

SubjectSubject + + past form of the verb to bepast form of the verb to be + +


Charles Charles wrotewrote a booka book..

A bookA book waswas writtenwritten by Charles. by Charles.

Charles Charles cleanedcleaned the windowsthe windows..

The windowsThe windows werewere cleanedcleaned by Charles by Charles

Coloured jeans ______ __________

by the boys.

Now let’s try in the Simple Past...

Simple Past

The boys bought coloured jeans.

were bought

VERB TO BE in the

Simple Past


I wrote a book.I wrote a book.

You wrote a book.You wrote a book.

He wrote a book.He wrote a book.

We wrote a book.We wrote a book.

You wrote a book.You wrote a book.

They wrote a book.They wrote a book.

A book was written by meA book was written by me

A book was written by youA book was written by you

A book was written by himA book was written by him

A book was written by us.A book was written by us.

A book was written by you.A book was written by you.

A book was written by them.A book was written by them.

The Passive VoiceThe Passive Voice

The Pronouns also change…I...You...She...He...It...We...You...They...

Passive Agent

... by me.

... by you.

... by her.

... by him.

... by it.

... by us.

... by you.

... by them.


Simple Present & Simple Past

Simple Present or Simple Past?

They visited the fashion show.

The fashion show _____ __________ by

_________.

She reads fashion magazines every day.

Fashion magazines _____ __________ by

________ every day..

was visited

them

are read

her

FORMATION (FUTURE)FORMATION (FUTURE)

SubjectSubject + + will future form of the verb to bewill future form of the verb to be + +


Charles Charles will writewill write a booka book..

A bookA book will bewill be writtenwritten by Charles. by Charles.

Charles Charles will cleanwill clean the windowsthe windows..

The windowsThe windows will bewill be cleanedcleaned by Charles. by Charles.


I will write a book.I will write a book.

You will write a book.You will write a book.

He will write a book.He will write a book.

We will write a book.We will write a book.

You will write a book.You will write a book.

They will write a book.They will write a book.

A book will be written by meA book will be written by me

A book will be written by youA book will be written by you

A book will be written by himA book will be written by him

A book will be written by us.A book will be written by us.

A book will be written by youA book will be written by you

A book will be written by themA book will be written by them

FORMATION FORMATION (PRESENT PERFECT)(PRESENT PERFECT)

SubjectSubject + + present perfect form of the verb to bepresent perfect form of the verb to be + + Past Participle (3rd form of irregular verbs)Past Participle (3rd form of irregular verbs)

Charles Charles has writtenhas written a booka book..

A bookA book has beenhas been writtenwritten by Charles. by Charles.

Charles Charles has cleanedhas cleaned the windowsthe windows..

The windowsThe windows have beenhave been cleanedcleaned by Charles. by Charles.

ACTIVE PASSIVEACTIVE PASSIVEI have written a book.I have written a book.You have written a You have written a

book.book.He has written a book.He has written a book.

We have written a book.We have written a book.You have written a You have written a

book.book.They have written a They have written a

book.book.

A book has been written A book has been written by me.by me.

A book has been written A book has been written by you.by you.

A book has been written A book has been written by him.by him.

A book has been written A book has been written by us.by us.

A book has been written A book has been written by you.by you.

A book has been written A book has been written by them.by them.

TENSE ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICEPRESENT SIMPLE The teacher punishes me.

The teacher punishes the boy.The teacher punishes the boys.

I am punished by the teacher.The boy is punished by the teacher.The boys are punished by the teacher.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

The teacher is punishing me.The teacher is punishing the boy.The teacher is punishing the boys.

I am being punished by the teacher.The boy is being punished by the teacher.The boys are being punished by the teacher.

PAST SIMPLE The teacher punished me.The teacher punished the boys.

I was punished by the teacher.The boys were punished by the teacher.

PAST CONTINUOUS

The teacher was punishing me.The teacher was punishing the boys.

I was being punished by the teacher.The boys were being punished by the teacher.

TENSE ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICEPRESENT PERFECT

The teacher has punished me.The teacher has punished the boy.

I have been punished by the teacher.The boy has been punished by the teacher.

PAST PERFECT

The teacher had punished me.The teacher had punished the boys.

I had been punished by the teacher.The boys had been punished by the teacher.

FUTURE SIMPLE

The teacher will punish me.The teacher will punish the boys.

I will be punished by the teacher.The boys will be punished by the teacher.

GOING TO FUTURE

The teacher is going to punish me.The teacher is going to punish the boys.

I am going to be punished by the teacher.The boys are going to be punished by the teacher.

TENSE ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICECONDITIONAL The teacher would punish me.

The teacher would punish the boys.

I would be punished by the teacher.The boys would be punished by the teacher,

MODALS The teacher can punish me.The teacher could punish me.The teacher may punish me.The teacher might punish me.The teacher must punish me.The teacher had to punish me.The teacher shall punish me.The teacher should punish me.The teacher ought to punish me.

I can be punished by the teacher.I could be punished by the teacher.I may be punished by the teacher.I might be punished by the teacher.I must be punished by the teacher.I had to be punished by the teacher.I shall be punished by the teacher.I should be punished by the teacher.I ought to be punished by the teacher.


Let’s practise on your own!

Click on the picture…

http://inglesnanet.com/grammar/passive.htm

A sad story…A sad story…

Last week I found a great apartment. The rent was reasonable. That’s why…

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I decided to throw a party the other night.

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The next day I was thrown out of it!

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Active or passive

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I threw a party the other night. (active) meaning: I did something.

I was thrown out of it. (passive) meaning: Something was done to me.

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The Present Simple Tense – AM, IS, AREThe Present Continuous Tense – AM/IS/ARE

BEINGThe Present Perfect Tense – HAVE BEEN, HAS

BEENThe Past Simple Tense – WAS, WEREThe Past Continuous Tense – WAS/WERE BEINGThe Past Perfect Tense – HAD BEENThe Future Tense – WILL BEWith modals – CAN BE, WOULD BE, SHOULD BE,

MAY BE, MUST BE…

Let’s review the verb to beto be

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What’s the difference?

Do these sentences have the same meaning?

The passive is more common in written than spoken English. It sounds formal and impersonal, and for that reason is often used in: reports of crimes or legal procedures – He was sentenced to two years in prison.

newspaper reports – The match was postponed due to a heavy fog.

scientific writing – Three millilitres of water are added to the mixture.

announcements – Flight BA 302 to London is delayed by two hours.

notices – Customers are requested not to smoke.

Use

Use

In everyday situations we use it when we do not know or care who performs the action. In other words, the passive is used when we are more interested in what happens to a thing or a person.Nevertheless, it is not unusual to mention the ‘actual doer’ in a passive sentence. In that case we put them at the end of the sentence after the preposition by:

“Great expectations” was written by Charles Dickens.“Star wars” was directed by George Lucas.

Practice – the key

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive formShampoo is tested (test) on animals before it is sold (sell) in shops.This house was built (build) in the XIX century.Two missing children have been found (find) safe and well.A new bridge will be constructed (construct) next year.

Active - Passive (the key)

The police arrested the suspect late last night.

The suspect was arrested late last night.They found him after an intensive search. He was found after an intensive search.Two detectives questioned him and

charged him with murder.He was questioned and charged with

murder by two detectives. They will take him to court later today.He will be taken to court later today.

When do we use it?When the agent is unknown

Flats are sold

Anne was given a kiss

When the agent is not important

The house can be visited between 8 and 14.

When we want to give importance to the object of the active voice

America was discovered in 1942 by Columbus

The passive is used more in writing and formal speech, such as public information (rules, signs, brochures …) and media reports.

Cycling is not permitted in this area. Bookings can be made online.

TENSETENSE ACTIVE ACTIVE PASSIVEPASSIVEPresent SimplePresent Simple I I makemake a cake a cake A cake A cake isis made made

Present Contin.Present Contin. I’I’mm makingmaking a cake a cake A cake A cake is beingis being made. made.

Past SimplePast Simple I I mademade a cake. a cake. A cake A cake waswas made. made.

Past ContinuousPast Continuous I I was makingwas making a cake. a cake. A cake A cake was beingwas being made. made.

Present PerfectPresent Perfect I I have madehave made a cake a cake A cake A cake has beenhas been made. made.

Past PerfectPast Perfect I I had madehad made a cake. a cake. A cake A cake had beenhad been made. made.

Future SimpleFuture Simple I I willwill make a cake. make a cake. A cake A cake will bewill be made. made.

Future be going toFuture be going to I’m going toI’m going to make a cake. make a cake. A cake A cake is going to beis going to be made. made.

ModalModal I I mustmust make a cake. make a cake. A cake A cake must bemust be made. made.

Modal PerfectModal Perfect I I should haveshould have made a made a cake.cake.

A cake A cake should have beenshould have been made.made.

Never use (Never use (dodo, , doesdoes or or diddid) with the passive ) with the passive voice.voice.

They They didn’tdidn’t sell all the sell all the tickets for the concert.tickets for the concert.

All the tickets All the tickets weren’tweren’t sold.sold.

We We do notdo not give lesson give lesson on public holidays.on public holidays.

Lessons Lessons are notare not given given on public holidays.on public holidays.

If there is a preposition If there is a preposition with the verb, do not with the verb, do not forget it.forget it.

Sue Sue looks afterlooks after the children. the children. The children The children are looked afterare looked after by by Sue Sue

When you also want to When you also want to mention the person or people mention the person or people that did the action use that did the action use byby..

“ “The new art exhibition The new art exhibition was was openedopened byby the Queen.” the Queen.”

OTHER IMPORTANT THING TO REMEMBER

VERBS WITH TWO OBJECTSVERBS WITH TWO OBJECTS bring, give, ask, pay, sell, offer, owe, show,

tell, send, lend, leave, promise, take, teach, throw, write

They gave They gave SusanSusan a prizea prize..Susan Susan was givenwas given a prize. a prize.A prizeA prize was givenwas given toto Susan. Susan.

If the verb has two objects, we usually use the If the verb has two objects, we usually use the person as as the subject in the passive. the subject in the passive. No one gave No one gave me any directions.any directions.I wasn’t given any directions.wasn’t given any directions.

GET is used instead of BE with passive meaning. Informal English. I got stuck in a traffic jam She is getting married

After NEED/WANT the -ing form can be used with passive meaning This job needs doing That room wants cleaning

Verbs like: Believe, Think, Consider, Say, Report, Know, Expect, Feel, Understand, Find

Active: They say that he started the fire Active: They think that she doesn't live in London Active: We knew that the king is coming tomorrow

Passive with “introductory IT”It is said that he started the fireIt is thought that she doesn't live in LondonIt was known that the King is coming tomorrow

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Thank you for your attention!

Education

1 passive voice (importante)