Nature of ReadingNature of Reading

- Reading, similar to listening, speaking Reading, similar to listening, speaking and writing, is a and writing, is a communication skillcommunication skill..

- Reading, is a Reading, is a process process because it has because it has series of acts proceeding from one step to series of acts proceeding from one step to the next.the next.

Steps Involve in ReadingSteps Involve in Reading

Perception is the step involve in reading by which the reader perceived the written symbols on the text through the use of his external senses.

Comprehension is the step involve in reading by which the reader understands the text.

Reaction is the step involve in reading wherein the reader evaluates the text which is being read.

Psychological Theory

Reading Theory

Reading Strategy

Behaviorism Bottom-Up Phonics

Cognitivism Top-Down Whole Language

Social Constructivism

Interactive Compensatory

KWL/SQ3R

Reading Theories Reading Directions

Bottom-Up Uni-directional

Top-Down Uni-directional

Interactive Compensatory

Bi-directional

Reading TheoristsReading Theorists

Kenneth Goodman = Cognitivism Reading is a psycholinguistic guessing game.

Jean Piaget = Cognitivism assimilation is the process by which the

readers incorporate new experience into an already existing knowledge.

accomodation is the process by which the readers changes one’s already existing knowledge as a result of the experiences.

Rumelhart = cognitivism

schema is the “building block of cognition.”

Patricia Carrell = cognitivism

Two kinds of schema

formal schema = rhetorical patterns of writing

content schema = culture of the reader

Keith Stanovich = Social Constructivism context clues can be used to compensate for

the meaning of words which we do not know.

Characteristics of the Reading Process Characteristics of the Reading Process

Reading is a complex process Reading is a two-way process Reading is a largely visual process Reading is an active process Reading makes use of a linguistic system which enables readers to be more effective users of written language Effective reading is partly dependent on the reader’s prior knowledge or background experiences

Reading is a complex process Reading is a two-way process Reading is a largely visual process Reading is an active process Reading makes use of a linguistic system which enables readers to be more effective users of written language Effective reading is partly dependent on the reader’s prior knowledge or background experiences

Types of Reading Materials

Developmental – scientifically prepared materials which are aimed at developing reading skills

Remedial – specifically prepared to help learners overcome reading difficulties

Recreatory – provide for the development of appreciation and enjoyment of reading material

Functional – provide for the development of comprehension and utilization of skills in areas of study

Types of Reading Materials

Developmental – scientifically prepared materials which are aimed at developing reading skills

Remedial – specifically prepared to help learners overcome reading difficulties

Recreatory – provide for the development of appreciation and enjoyment of reading material

Functional – provide for the development of comprehension and utilization of skills in areas of study