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Introduction to IWRM
SAURABH SINGHB.TEC CIVIL ENGINEERING
A7615810020
Before we start….• The basis of IWRM is that different uses of water are
interdependent
• Integrated management means that all the different uses of water resources are considered together
WATER CYCLE
Driving forces on water resources
• Population growth: demands for more water and producing more waste water and pollution
• Urbanization: migration from rural to urban areas which increases the current level of difficulty in water delivery and waste water treatment
• Economic growth: mainly in developing countries with large populations contributes to increased demand for economic activities
• Globalization of trade: production is relocated to “labor-cheap” areas that takes place without consideration for water resources
• Climate variability: more intense floods and droughts increase vulnerability of people
• Climate change: increase uncertainty about water cycle regimes
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ISSUES ARE
THE MAIN TOPICS IN YOUR JOB?
IWRM concept is• an empirical concept which is built up from the on-the-ground experience
of practitioners,
• a flexible approach to water management that can adapt to diverse national and local contexts,
• thus
• it is not a scientific theory that needs to be proved or disproved by scholars.
• and (but)
• it requires policy-makers to make judgments about which reforms and measures, management tools and institutional arrangements are most appropriate in a particular cultural, social, political, economic and environmental context.
IWRM definition
IWRM is a process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital
ecosystems.
GWP, TEC Background Paper No. 4: Integrated Water Resources
Management
IWRM:What does it really mean?• More coordinated development and management of:
– Land and water– Surface water and ground water– Upstream and downstream interests
Discussion questions:
Who should propose measures to protect against floods?
Who should bear a cost to implement measures to mitigate floods?
Key water resources management functions
• Water allocation• Pollution control• Monitoring• Financial management• Flood and drought management• Information management• Basin planning• Stakeholder participation
IWRM
Manage water resources within a basin• What about international basins?
• What about large distances within a basin (with disparate communities and institutions)?
• How to manage a basin that has no monitoring network?
• How to manage a basin where water supply and demand fluctuate both intra-seasonally and inter-annually?
• How to manage a basin where authorities have a little access to financial, transport and technological capabilities?
Three pillars of IWRM
• Implementing IWRM process is a question of getting the “three pillars” right:
1. Moving towards enabling environment of appropriate policies, strategies and legislation
2. Putting in place the institutional framework (through which policies can be implemented)
3. Setting up the management instruments required by these institutions to do their job
CHANGE AREAS
Environmental Sustainability
Economic Efficiency
Social Equity
CHANGES ARE MADE TO SEEK
TO REACH SUSTAINABILITY
Managing competing uses
Water for people
Water for food
Water for
nature
Water for
otheruses
Cross-sectoral integration
•Enabling environment
• Institutions
•Management
instruments
Integrating across levels and sectors
National
Basin
Local
Fisheries
Environment
Tourism Industry
Finance
Agriculture
Energy
Water
IWRM PRINCIPLES• Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain
life, development and the environment.• Water development and management should be based on a
participatory approach, involving users, planners and policymakers at all levels.
• Women play a central part in the provision, management and safe-guarding of water.
• Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognized as an economic good as well as social good.
Dublin, 1992
IWRM Principles• Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain
life, development and the environment.
Respecting the basin
IWRM Principles
• Water development and management should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners and policymakers at all levels.
Difficult to ensure “active involvement”
50 decision
200 work
2 000 participation
200 000 information
2 500 000 population
How to m
ake it?
Pitfalls in putting IWRM into practice
Trying to establish management relations between too many variables risks getting mired in complexity at the expense of effectiveness.
When putting IWRM into practice it’s important to think strategically about where and to what degree coordination and new management instruments are necessary.
IWRM Principles
• Women play a central part in the provision, management and safe-guarding of water
IWRM Principles
• Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognized as an economic good as well as social good
– Water is becoming scarcer and its value rising– Recognition that costs should be borne by those who benefit
Source: The Economist
Arguments for treating water as an economic good:
• Market-based approach will ensure that people are better stewards of water resources
• Encourages conservation• Improves quality• Helps allocate water to maximize
benefits
Arguments for treating water as a human right:
• Ensures water for all• Helps set priorities of water policy• Focuses attention on resolving
water conflict• Helps safeguard other human
rights
Why IWRM?
• Globally accepted and makes good sense.
• Key element in national water policy.
• Incorporates social and environmental considerations directly into policy and decision making.
• Directly involves the stakeholders.
• Is a tool for optimizing investments under tight financing climate.
Traditional versus IWRM approaches
…in order to understand better “integrated” approach…
• Traditional approach
– One sector
– Limited institutions involved
– Decision making at one sector
– Specific issues addressed
– Specific interests solved
– Sectoral allocation of funds
• Integrated approach
– Multi sectors
– Various institutions involved
– “collective” decision making
– Complex issues addressed
– Overriding interests solved
– National allocation of funds
In order to understand better “integrated” approach
Traditional approach:
• Hydrological/hydraulic
– What is expected yield of the
catchment?
• Engineering
– How much water leaks from
the system?
– How can leakage be reduced?
• Management
– What is the economic level of
leakage?
Integrated approach:
• How will new investment be
agreed upon?
• How can local management
structures balance competing
uses?
• How will stakeholders negotiate
water rights in different conditions
of water availability (scarcity)?
• How will consumers respond to
periodic water shortages or to
increasing environmental
concerns?
Lessons learnt
Risks of fully sectoral approach
Sectoral approach
Integrated approach
Overlooking negative impacts on environment and other sectors
Inefficient use of resources—natural and financial
Risks of fully integrated approach
Sectoral
approac
h
Integrated
approach
Getting mired in complexity.
Not making good use of specialist expertise.
Finding a balance
Sectoral approac
h
Integrated
approach
Each country needs to decide where integration makes sense based on its social, political and hydrological situation.
Summary about IWRM: what we have learnt
• IWRM is linked to sustainable development
• IWRM is not a one-size-fits-all prescription and cannot be applied as a checklist of actions
• IWRM is not a prescription but an iterative process and an adaptive approach
• IWRM implementation must reflect country priorities
• Water management will not be successful if it is set up as a stand-alone system of governance
• IWRM includes both ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ components
•
THANK YOU
