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METABOLISM
By. Lilik Hidayah,SPd.MP.
04/14/2023 Lilik Hidayah, SPd.MP. 2
METABOLISM ………?
Metabolism: all of the reactions in the organism body that involve energy transformation (Yunani metabole:berubah).
Metabolism includes :1. Catabolism: breaks large molecules into smaller
ones; usually releases energy2. anabolism: synthesis of large molecules from
smaller ones; usually for the storage of energy
04/14/2023 Lilik Hidayah, SPd.MP. 3
ENZYMES
ENZYMES METABOLISM
?
04/14/2023 Lilik Hidayah, SPd.MP. 4
Enzymes are subtance (protein) that can accelerate a chemical reaction, but it does not follow to react, pass by reducing activation energy needed for a reaction
Called biocatalyst Enzymes regulate cell metabolism
Substrat enzim : reaktan dimana enzim akan bekerja.
Produk : materi baru yg dihasilkan dari reaksi kimia yg dikatalis enzim
ENZYME (BIOKATALISATOR)
04/14/2023 Lilik Hidayah, SPd.MP. 5
THE EFFECT OF AN ENZYME ON ACTIVATION
04/14/2023 Lilik Hidayah, SPd.MP. 6
THE COMPOSITION OF ENZYME
1. Enzim protein sederhana: hanya terdiri atas protein
2. Enzim konjugasi/holoenzim: terdiri atas….. – protein (apoenzim): bersifat lebih labil krn terpengaruh oleh
suhu dan pH – non protein (gugus prostetik), gugus aktif enzim berperan
dalam membantu aktivitas katalitic enzim dpt berikatan kuat dg tempat aktif secara permanen, dpt berikatan lemah dan reversible bersama-sama dg subtrat.Macam:A. Kofaktor: molekul anorganik, mis: Fe, Cu, ZnB. Koenzim: molekul organic, mis: NADH, FADH, vitamin
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1. NAD (koenzim 1)2. NADP (koenzim 2)3. FMN dan FAD4. Cytokrom: cytokrom a, a3, b, b6, c, dan f5. Plastoquinon, plastosianin, feredoksin6. ATP: senyawa organik berenergi tinggi, mengandung 3 gugus P dan adenin
ribose
THE COMPOSITION OF ENZYME
CONTOH KOENZIM
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CHARACTERISTICS OF ENZYME
1. Enzyme is a protein2. Biocatalytic3. Control rates of metabolic
reactions4. Lower activation energy needed
to start reactions5. Work/Substrate spesifically6. One enzyme molecule can work
frequently7. It is reversible in working8. Work inside cell or outside cell9. Shape of active site determines
substrate
04/14/2023 Lilik Hidayah, SPd.MP. 9
HOW AN ENZYME WORKS
WORKING METHOD OF ENZYME1. THE LOCK AND KEY THEORY (1890)
2. INDUCED FIT THEORY (1958)
04/14/2023 Lilik Hidayah, SPd.MP. 10
CATATAN:1. Logam, memacu aktifitas enzim: Mg, Mn,
Co, Fe2. Logam berat, menghambat aktivitas enzim:
Pb, Cu, Z n, Cd, Ag3. vitamin memacu kerja enzim
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THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ENZYME ACTIVITY
TemperaturepHConcentration of enzymesConcentration of substratsConcentration of productsWater Inhibitor
1. Irreversible Inhibitor2. Reversible Inhibitor 3. Competitive inhibitor4. Competitive inhibitor
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• Enzyme is named based on its subtrate and given by suffix “ase”ex. Lipase, amilase, maltase, etc.
• Systematic methodSystematic nomenclature is based on the reaction which happensex. ATP + glucose ADP + glucose 6-fosfat enzymes is ATP glucose 6-fosfatase
• Trivial methodshort nomenclature of an enzymes, ex. hexokinase
• Enzyme is named based on that happens in a reaction enzymes is grouped:– Hydrolase: Akhir reaksi dihasilkan air ex. Lipase,
amilase– Desmolase: memecah ikatan kimia ex. Transaminase,
karboksilase
NOMENCLATURE AND GROUPING OF ENZYME
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