Upload
missfifit
View
295
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Citation preview
Vocabulary Questions
SKILL 8Find Definitions from Structural
Clues
When being asked to determine the meaning of a word in the Reading Comprehension section of TOEFL test:
The passage provides information about the meaning of the word.
There are structural clues to tell you that the definition of a word is included in the passage.
How to Identify?
What is … ?What is the
meaning of … ?
What is true about … ?
Type of Clues
• comma, parentheses, dashesPunctuation
• or, that is, in other words, etc.Restatement
• such as, for example, etc.Examples
SKILL 9Determine Meanings from Word Parts
A Short List of Word PartsPART MEANIN
GEXAMPL
EPART MEANIN
GEXAMPL
ECONTRA (against) Contrast DIC (say) Dictate
MAL (bad) Malcontent
DOMIN (master) Dominant
MIS (error) Mistake JUD (judge) Judgment
SUB (under) Subway MOR (death) Mortal
DEC (ten) Decade SPEC (see) Spectator
MULTI (many) Multiple TERR (earth) Territory
SOL (one) Solo VER (turn) Divert
TRI (three) Triple VIV (live) Revive
SKILL 10Use Context to Determine Meanings of Difficult Words
Example:
A line in the passage:… The barges headed across the lake …
The question:A “barge” is probably which of the following?A. A trainB. A planeC. A bicycleD. A boat
Not being expected to
know the meaning of
“barge”
Instead, understand
from the context
The “barge” went across a
lake
It is probably a type of BOAT
How to Identify?
What is the meaning … ?
Which of the following is closest in meaning to … ?
The word is a difficult word, one that you probably do not know.
SKILL 11Use Context to Determine Meanings of Simple Words
Example:
A line from the passage:… He put his answer this way …
The question:The word “put” is closest in meaning to which of the following?A. PlacedB. SetC. ExpressedD. Handed
You cannot place an answer or set an answer or hand an answer.
The primary meaning of “to put” is to place, answer A is incorrect.
You will NOT be asked to give the regular meaning of a normal, everyday word.
You have to understand that “put” is a normal, everyday word.
Word Endings
Word endings in English often tell you how a word is used grammatically in English.
If you recognize a word ending on a word that you do not know, you can tell how the
word should be used grammatically.
Noun (Thing) Endings-ism socialism -ment government
-nce excellence -ty beauty
-ness sadness -age marriage
-ion information -ship friendship
Noun (Person) Endings-er employer -ist tourist
-or actor -cian musician
Adjective Endings-ent excellent -ive destructive
-ant important -ous dangerous
-ful careful -al natural
-ic economic -able capable
-less careless -ible possible
Verb Endings-en soften -ize memorize
-ate populate -ify notify
Heighten Desertification Speechless
Forgetful Submissive Tremendously
Imperialism Nocturnal Liability
Effusively Establishment Counselor
Cashier Impertinent Civic
Columnist Impertinently Sensitize
Aggravate Togetherness Ambiance
Glamorous Pharmacist Justification
Vintage Craftsmanship Interpretive
Statistician Manageable Personify