9. VdSe/dt = qSin qSe V (Se) +/- )( eS eS in S q V T == 0= dt
dS V, ; q, , Sin, Se ,
10. -: V , S(x) S(x+ x) V S(x) = q[S(x) - S(x+ x)] t - V (S(x))
t t x , 0, S t u S x S x ( ( )) u = q/A, V=A x A,
11. ,
12. ,
13. I II
14. 1951. . 1959. .
15. ( 30- )
16. 1961. . 1964. .. , .. ..
17. 1966. 1- , 8
18. .. (1967) .. -
19. . . (): 2001.
20. 2
21. - . (BZ)-. - , -
22.
23. ,)(, t 0 eNtNN dt dN == )/1( KNN dt dN = , , ][ )( t 00 0
eNKN NK tN + = ,)/1(2 2 KNN x N D t N + = Malthus, 1798 Verhulst,
1838 Fisher, 1937 Kolmogoroff et al., 1937
32. (Monod, 1942) B S , ,Bk Sk S B dt dB d S m + = , Sk S B Ydt
dS S m + = = ; kS = ; Y= ; kd = m
33. . ,
34. , , . Scr. , , SSk SS B dt dB crS cr m + = , SSk SS B Ydt
dS crS crm + = = ; kS = - ; Y= m
35. ( ) , . , pH, . , , .
36. Graef & Andrews (1974) Hill & Barth (1977)
Kleinstreuer & Powegha (1982) Moletta et al. (1986) Smith et
al. (1988) Hill (1982) Mosey (1983) Bryers (1985) Pullammanappallil
et al. (1991) Costello et al. (1991) Angelidaki et al. (1993)
Siegrist et al. (1993) . (1993) ADM1 (2002)
37. (ADM1) (2002.) (IWA) 4- ,
38. Scientific and Technical Report No. 13 Anaerobic Digestion
Model No. 1 (ADM1) Edited by IWA Task Group for Mathematical
Modelling of Anaerobic Wastewater Processes D.J. Batstone J. Keller
I. Angelidaki S.V. Kalyuzhyni S.G. Pavlostathis A. Rozzi W.T.M.
Sanders H. Siegrist V.A. Vavilin
43. += ++= += += pressurersgasPartial P P TRSTRS V RT T P
ionsconcentratsubstrateDissolvedTRSVSSq dt dS V
ionsconcentratbiomassActiveVBqBq dt dB V
ionsconcentratsolidSuspendedVXqXq dt dX V T l n n lg l jSjjFjf j
BiiBXFif i XkkBXFkf k , ,)( , , XFk, BFi = ; qf = ; qBX = , ; Xk,
Bi, Sj = , ; V = ; TRSj = ; T = (K); PT = ; Vg =
44. , - : (Parkin et al., 1990), : (Vavilin et al., 1994)
49. Le centre rgional dAntony emploie 130 personnes et comprend
3 units de recherche (HBAN, GPAN et TSAN) Lunit Hydrosystmes et
Bioprocds (HBAN) mnent ses recherches dans des domaines tels que
lpuration, le stockage et le traitement des dchets ou encore sur
limpact des micropolluants Cemagref Antony ( )
50.
51. - , , ,
52. FISH (Vavilin et al., 2008; Qu et al., 2009) : Eub338-fitc
(green,Bacteria); Arc915-Cy3 (red, Archaea) Methanosarcina sp.
20-th day 62-nd day 184-th day
55. Nano SIMS: Nano Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
56. , (Vavilin, 2010): P, dP/dt, B, dB/dt , (S) (P) + (B) P P f
C P 13 = B B f C Bio 13 = S S f C S 13 = 13 C , , , { }PSprodP CCCP
ff P dtdP f dtdP dtPd P dtdP dt dP P P dt Pd Pdt df == / / //1 13 2
1313 { }BioSgrowthBio CCCBio ff B dtdB f dtdB dtBd B dtdB dt dB B B
dt Bd Bdt df == / / //1 13 2 1313
57. 13 CH3OH
58. 13 CH3OH CH3OH+2H2O=3H2 +H2CO3 ( =+23 kJ/mol)
H2+0.25H2CO3=0.25CH4+0.75H2O ( = -136 kJ/mol) '0 G '0 G CH3OH=
0.75CH4+0.25H2CO3+ 0.25H2O ( = -315 kJ/mol) '0 G CH3COOH+
H2O=CH4+H2CO3 ( = -31 kJ/mol)'0 G
59. ( ). , H2/H2CO3, . : (Vavilin, 1910); : (emagref) 13 C/C :
NanoSIMS-ISH (Nano Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry In Situ
Hybridization).
60. ( , ). , 13 C/C : NanoSIMS-ISH (Nano Secondary Ion Mass
Spectrometry In Situ Hybridization).
61.
62. 13 /12 , 0,01, , ( ) Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate , 13
1000]1 )/( )/( [)/( 1213 1213 13 = PDB CC CC oooC
65. AB (Hayes, 1993): 1000 1000 + + = B A BA ,A B - . (Whiticar
et al., 1999; Conrad, 2005): 1000 1000 4 13 2 13 + + = CH CO C C C
H2/CO2 . , 2/2, - 065.1>C 055.1
67. 1- Ck td Cd = heavyheavy heavy Ck td Cd = heavyheavyheavy
Ck Ck Cd Cd = C Cd k k C Cd heavy heavy heavy = 1kk 00 0heavyheavy
heavy C C CC CC = / / / lightheavy CCR /= 0light0heavy0 CCR /= 0 t
C C f = heavylight kk /= )/( / 11 0t fRR = Rt / R0 ; f = Ct / C0 ,
, Ct , C0 ; - lightheavy CCC += CCC lightheavy = 0551c .app
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