Statistics about Finland 2011

StatiSticS about finland 2011tablE of contEntS pagE

1 Main labouR MaRKEt confEdERationS 41.1 EMPLOYEES’ CONFEDERATIONS 2010 41.2 EMPLOYERS’ CONFEDERATIONS 2010 41.3 DISTRIbuTION OF SAk’S AFFILIATED uNIONS’ MEMbERShIP ACCORDINg TO SECTOR 1980–2010 4

2 labouR MaRKEt 52.1 LAbOuR MARkET SETTLEMENTS 1969–2009 52.2 TRADE uNION DENSITY IN SOME Eu COuNTRIES 2008 112.3 LAbOuR DISPuTES 1990–2009 12

3 population 123.1 POPuLATION OF FINLAND 2010 123.2 POPuLATION IN Eu-COuNTRIES 1.1.2010 13

4 labouR foRcE, Education 144.1 LAbOuR FORCE 1996–2012 144.2 EMPLOYED bY SECTOR 1996–2012 144.3 EMPLOYMENT ACCORDINg TO EMPLOYER 1990–2010 154.4 LAbOuR SuPPLY AND DEMAND 1996–2012 154.5 EMPLOYMENT RATE 1996–2012 164.6 uNEMPLOYMENT RATE 1996–2012 164.7 EMPLOYMENT RATES IN Eu-COuNTRIES 2009 174.8 uNEMPLOYMENT RATES IN Eu-COuNTRIES 2010 184.9 LONg-TERM uNEMPLOYMENT* 1996–2010 194.10 ACTIvATION RATE 1990–2010 194.11 DIFFERENT TYPES OF EMPLOYMENT RELATIONShIPS 2000–2010 204.12 PubLIC EXPENDITuRE IN LAbOuR MARkET PROgRAMMES 2008 204.13 PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT IN Eu-COuNTRIES 2009 214.14 TEMPORARY CONTRACTS IN Eu-COuNTRIES 2009 224.15 AvERAgE ANNuAL hOuRS ACTuALLY WORkED PER PERSONS EMPLOYED 2009 23

5 EconoMic dEVElopMEnt 245.1 bALANCE bETWEEN SuPPLY AND DEMAND1) 2008–2012 245.2 gROSS DOMESTIC PRODuCT 1996–2012 245.3 gROSS DOMESTIC PRODuCT IN Eu-COuNTRIES 2011 255.4 gROSS DOMESTIC PRODuCT PER CAPITA IN Eu-COuNTRIES 2009 265.5 FINLAND’S FOREIgN DEbT 1996–2012 275.6 CENTRAL gOvERNMENT NET LENDINg 1996–2012 275.7 gENERAL gOvERNMENT gROSS DEbT IN Eu-COuNTRIES 2010 28

2 3

5.8 gENERAL gOvERNMENT FINANCIAL bALANCEIN RATIO TO gDP IN ThE Eu-COuNTRIES (EMu) 2010 295.9 INvESTMENTS TO AND FROM FINLAND 1995–2009 30

6 foREign tRadE 306.1 CuRRENT ACCOuNT 1996–2012 306.2 FOREIgN TRADE ACCORDINg TO REgIONS 2010 31

7 paY and labouR coStS 327.1 EMPLOYEES’ NOMINAL AND REAL EARNINgS AND hOuSEhOLDS’ REAL DISPOSAbLE INCOME 1996–2012 327.2 EMPLOYEES’ NEgOTIATED PAY, WAgE DRIFT AND REAL EARNINgS 1990–2010 327.3 hOuRLY WAgES FOR REguLAR WORkINg TIME IN MANuFACTuRINg 2000–2010 337.4 hOuRLY WAgES FOR REguLAR WORkINg TIME IN CONSTRuCTION 2000–2010 337.5 TOTAL LAbOuR COSTS IN MANuFACTuRINg 2009 PRODuCTION WORkERS 347.6 TOTAL AvERAgE SALARIES OF EMPLOYEES IN ThE PubLIC SECTOR 1996–2009 357.7 hOuRLY WAgES FOR REguLAR WORkINg TIME FOR AuTOMObILE TRAFFIC WORkERS 2000–2010 357.8 AvERAgE MONThLY SALARIES FOR REguLAR WORkINg TIME IN ThE SERvICE SECTOR 2000–2010 367.9 AvERAgE MONThLY EARNINgS OF SALARIED EMPLOYEES IN MANuFACTuRINg 2000–2010 367.10 ANNuAL NET EARNINgS IN MANuFACTuRINg INDuSTRIES 2009 377.11 EMPLOYEES’ REAL DISPOSAbLE INCOME 1991–2011 38

8 pRicES 388.1 PRICE INDICES 2001–2010 388.2 ANNuAL ChANgE IN CONSuMER PRICES 2010 398.3 PRICE LEvELS, jANuARY 2011 408.4 LONg-TERM INTEREST RATES IN SOME Eu-COuNTRIES 2010 418.5 INTEREST RATES IN FINLAND 1997:1–2010:12 428.6 hELSINkI STOCk INDEX (OMX hELSINkI) 1997:1–2010:12 428.7 DWELLINgS WITh CENTRAL hEATINg: AvERAgE MONThLY RENT PER SQuARE METER 1995–2010 438.8 AvERAgE DEbT-FREE SELLINg PRISE PER SQuARE METER OF FLATS AND AvERAgE RATE OF hOuSINg LOANS 1995–2010 43

9 diStRibution of incoME 449.1 DISTRIbuTION OF DISPOSAbLE INCOME OF hOuSEhOLDS 1995–2009 449.2 FACTOR INCOMES ACCORDINg TO SOuRCE OF INCOME 1999, 2007–2009 44

2 3

9.3 INCOME DIFFERENCES DEvELOPMENT 1966–2009 hOuSEhOLDS DISPOSAbLE INCOME 459.4 DISTRIbuTION OF NATIONAL INCOME 2007–2012 459.5 INCOME DIFFERENCES IN Eu-COuNTRIES 2009 469.6 WAgES AND SALARIES AS A PERCENTAgE OF NATIONAL INCOME 1996–2012 47

10 taXation and cuRREnt tRanSfERS 4710.1 TAX RATE 1996 - 2012 4710.2 LOCAL gOvERNMENT TAX RATE 1991–2011 4810.3 TAX REvENuES ON INCOME AND PROPERTY 1990–2009, € bN 4810.4 TAX REvENuES ON INCOME AND PROPERTY 2009 ACROSS TAXPAYER gROuPS 4910.5 TAX RATES IN SOME COuNTRIES 2009 4910.6 INCOME TAX AS A PERCENTAgE OF MANuFACTuRINg WORkER’S AvERAgE gROSS INCOME IN SOME COuNTRIES 2009 5010.7 EMPLOYEES’ CONTRIbuTIONS TO SOCIAL INSuRANCE 1995–2011 5010.8 EMPLOYERS’ CONTRIbuTIONS TO SOCIAL INSuRANCE 1996–2011, % OF WAgES AND SALARIES 5110.9 RECIPIENTS OF uNEMPLOYMENT bENEFITS 1995–2009 5110.10 SOCIAL PROTECTION PER INhAbITANT IN ThE Eu-COuNTRIES 2008 5210.11 SOCIAL PROTECTION IN FuNCTIONS 1995-2009, EuR MILLION 5310.12 FINANCINg OF SOCIAL PROTECTION EXPENDITuRE, 1995-2009, % 5310.13 ThE AvERAgE RETIREMENT AgE ON AN OCCuPATIONAL PENSION 1996–2009 5410.14 ChILDREN IN FuLL OR PART TIME DAY CARE (MuNICIPAL AND PRIvATE DAY CARE AND FAMILY DAY CARE) 1996–2009 5410.15 TOTAL NuMbER OF PENSIONERS 1990–2009 5510.16 OLD AgE DEPENDENCY RATIO 2015–2060 55

11 ElEctionS 5611.1 POLITICAL PARTIES SuPPORT IN LOCAL gOvERNMENT ELECTIONS 2000, 2004 AND 2008, % 5611.2 POLICAL PARTIES SuPPORT IN PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 2007 AND 2011 5611.3 POLITICAL PARTIES SuPPORT IN EuROPEAN PARLIAMENT ELECTIONS 2004 jA 2009, % 5611.4 ThE CANDIDATES SuPPORT IN SECOND ROuND OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 29.1.2006 56

annEX 1 57MONETARY CONvERSION TO ThE 2010 CASh 57

EditedbySannihalla-ahoandTyttijäppinenISbN978-951-714-272-4

4 5

organisation affiliatedunions Membership

TheCentralOrganisationofFinnishTradeunions 21 1040000

TheConfederationofunionsforAcademicProfessionalsinFinlandAkAvA

34 553000

FinnishConfederationofSalariedEmployeesSTTk 20 614000

Source: The Above Organisations

1 MAIN LABOUR MARKET CONFEDERATIONS1.1 EMploYEES’ confEdERationS 2010

organisation Members Employees

ConfederationofFinnishIndustriesEk 27afficiatedunions,16000companies

950000

LocalAuthorityEmployersinFinlandkT 336localgovernments,145jointmunicipalboards

433000

OfficeforthegovermentasEmployer 150budgetaryunits 88000

FinnishFoodandDrinkIndustriesFederation

300companiesand2organisationmembers

34000

TheChurchofFinlandNegotiatingCommission

over450parishes over21000

TheFederationofAgriculturalEmployers 1197companies 10000

Source: The Above Organisations

1.2 EMploYERS’ confEdERationS 2010

1980 1995 2005 2009 2010

Manufacturing 56 45 46 45 44

Transportation 11 11

Privateservices 20 29 32 23 23

Publicservices 24 27 22 21 22

Total 100 100 100 100 100

Totalmembership(x1000) 1032 1111 1046 1043 1040

Source: SAK

1.3 diStRibution of SaK’S affiliatEd unionS’ MEMbERShip accoRding to SEctoR 1980–2010, %

4 5

Year

Agr

eem

ent

perio

dof

valid

-ity

Incr

ease

ef

fect

ive

from

Gen

eral

In

crea

se

%

p

/h

Min

imum

an

d lo

w-p

ay

arra

nge-

men

ts

Bran

-ch

wic

e m

argi

n %

Aver

age

incr

ease

(in

dust

rial-

wor

kers

) %

Refo

rms R

elat

ed to

Cen

tral

ised

A

gree

men

t

1969

Liin

amaa

I27

.3.19

681v

01.0

1.196

916

3.9

–re

mov

ing

inde

xte

rms

– ena

blin

g Ac

t of p

rices

and

rent

s con

trol

– sub

scrip

tion

colle

ctio

n ag

reem

ent

1970

Liin

amaa

II11.

9.196

91 v

01.0

1.197

0m

in. 1

.018

15.1

– sev

eran

ce p

ay sy

stem

– the

righ

t to

asse

mbl

y in

the

wor

kpla

ce

1971

UKK

-agr

eem

ent

8.12

.1970

15 m

onth

s01

.01.1

971

01.0

9.197

122 20

3.00

mk/

hour

3.20

mk/

hour

214

.3– m

inim

um w

ages

min

imum

wag

es– i

nfor

mat

ion

and

educ

atio

n ag

reem

ents

1972

HL-

agre

emen

t18

.3.19

721 v

01.0

4.19

7225

3.50

mk/

hour

37.7

– ret

urni

ng fr

om a

nnua

l lea

ve –p

ay ro

se to

10 %

of a

nnua

l lea

ve p

ay– i

mpr

ovin

g sic

k le

ave

bene

fits

1973

Unio

n-le

vel a

gree

men

ts50

–65

11.1

1974

Lind

blom

1st

pha

se19

.3.19

74

22 m

onth

s01

.04.

1974

01.0

9.197

455 20

4.90

mk/

hour

1.211.

3– t

ax re

liefs

– i

ncre

asin

g ch

ild a

llow

ance

s, 7-

mon

th

m

ater

nity

leav

e– w

age

deve

lopm

ent g

uara

ntee

1975

2nd p

hase

Liin

amaa

insp

ectio

n26

.2.19

75To

tal a

fter

insp

ectio

n10

mon

ths

01.0

4.19

7501

.09.1

975

01.0

4.19

75

01.0

4.19

75

min

. 4.0

min

. 5.0

50 15

10–2

5

75–9

0

5.60

mk/

hour

6.30

mk/

hour

6.30

mk/

hour

1.5 0.2 1.7

8.7

– inc

reas

ing

child

allo

wan

ces

– sep

arat

e ta

xatio

n– h

ousin

g be

nefit

refo

rm

cont

.2.

1 L

ABO

UR-

MA

RKET

SET

TLEM

ENTS

1969

–20

09

2 L

ABO

UR

MA

RKET

6 7

Year

Agr

eem

ent

perio

dof

valid

-ity

Incr

ease

ef

fect

ive

from

Gen

eral

In

crea

se

%

p

/h

Min

imum

an

d lo

w-p

ay

arra

nge-

men

ts

Bran

-ch

wic

e m

argi

n %

Aver

age

incr

ease

(in

dust

rial-

wor

kers

) %

Refo

rms R

elat

ed to

Cen

tral

ised

A

gree

men

t

1976

Mie

ttune

n m

ediat

ion

12.2

.1976

10 m

onth

s01

.02.1

976

min

. 3.5

606.9

0 m

k/ho

ur1.5

7.2– G

roup

life

insu

ranc

e– p

artia

l disa

bilit

y pe

nsio

n

1977

Liin

amaa

re

com

men

datio

n 9.

3.197

71st

pha

se

2 ye

ar01

.03.1

977

min

. 3.4

450.

85.

5– w

inte

r lea

ve

– wag

e de

velo

pmen

t gua

rant

ee– s

afeg

uard

aga

inst

dev

alua

tion

1978

2nd p

hase

31.3

.78In

crea

ses a

fter

tran

smiss

ion

and

deva

luat

ion

nego

tiatio

ns

01.0

3.197

801

.10.19

78

01.0

5.197

801

.09.1

978

min

. 3.0

2.5 1.5

min

. 3.0

40 (=22)

40

0,1%

1 )

0.4

5.4

1979

Som

erto

-Oiv

io

agre

emen

t26

.1.197

9

1 yea

r01

.02.1

979

01.12

.1979

1.0 1.0

30 (=17)

0.1%

1 )0.

4

0.5

4.9

– ind

ex te

rm, w

age

deve

lopm

ent g

uara

ntee

– ext

endi

ng th

e wi

nter

leav

e rig

ht,

em

ploy

men

t re

com

men

datio

ns– e

xten

sion

of th

e sic

k lea

ve p

aym

ent p

erio

d

1980

Unio

n–le

vel

agre

emen

ts01

.03.1

980

01.10

.1980

3.0

9011.

3

1981

Pekk

anen

9.3.1

981

1st p

hase

2 ye

ar01

.03.1

981

01.0

9.198

13.

32.

6m

in. 2

.5

(65)

(50)

0.5

7.0– r

efor

m o

f the

pay

men

t bas

is of

sic

knes

s ben

efits

and

mat

erni

ty p

ay– i

ncom

e tr

end

arra

ngem

ent

cont

6 7

Year

Agr

eem

ent

perio

dof

valid

-ity

Incr

ease

ef

fect

ive

from

Gen

eral

In

crea

se

%

p

/h

Min

imum

an

d lo

w-p

ay

arra

nge-

men

ts

Bran

-ch

wic

e m

argi

n %

Aver

age

incr

ease

(in

dust

rial-

wor

kers

) %

Refo

rms R

elat

ed to

Cen

tral

ised

A

gree

men

t

1982

2nd p

hase

01.0

3.198

201

.10.19

822.

23.

0(4

5)0.

4% 1 )

0.4

8.4

inde

xatio

n cl

ause

(sal

ary

adju

stm

ent i

ndex

)

1983

Unio

n-le

vel

agre

emen

ts01

.03.1

983

01.10

.1983

3.15

2.25

5.6

1984

Pekk

anen

28

.3.19

841st

pha

se2

yea

r01

.03.1

984

3.2

0.4%

1 )4.

0– i

ndex

atio

n cl

ause

– rev

ised

unem

ploy

men

t ben

efit s

ecur

ity sc

hem

e

1985

2nd p

hase

01.0

3.198

53.

63.

8– w

orki

ng ti

me

redu

ced

by 3

2 ho

urs/

year

1986

VH

S-se

ttle

men

t 16

.3.19

861st

pha

se

2 y

ear

01.0

3.198

6m

in. 1

.5(5

5)0.

3% 1 )

0.3

2.8

– ind

exat

ion

claus

e, e

arni

ngs d

evel

opm

ent

gua

rant

ee– w

orki

ng ti

me

redu

ced

by 16

hrs

/yr.,

1988

16 h

rs/y

r., 19

89 16

hrs

/yr.,

1990

20

hrs/

yr.

1987

2nd

pha

se01

.03.1

987

min

. 1.7

(64)

0.3%

1 )0.

33.

4– s

tate

supp

ort p

acka

ge, i

nclu

ding

tax

cuts

1988

Union

-leve

l agr

eeme

nts

2 y

ear

01.0

3.198

8 9

8–14

55.

3

1989

Com

bine

d ec

onom

ic a

nd

inco

mes

pol

icy

sett

lem

ent

1 ye

ar01

.03.1

989

min

. 140

0.1%

2 )3.

6– e

mpl

oyee

s’ re

al d

ispos

able

inco

me

to b

e in

crea

sed

by

2.5

%– e

arni

ngs d

evel

opm

ent g

uara

ntee

of 7

0 p

abov

e

the

agre

ed in

crea

se p

aid

in a

dditi

on to

the

gene

ral a

nd e

qual

ity ra

ise

cont

.

8 9

Year

Agr

eem

ent

perio

dof

valid

-ity

Incr

ease

ef

fect

ive

from

Gen

eral

In

crea

se

%

p

/h

Min

imum

an

d lo

w-p

ay

arra

nge-

men

ts

Bran

-ch

wic

e m

argi

n %

Aver

age

incr

ease

(in

dust

rial-

wor

kers

) %

Refo

rms R

elat

ed to

Cen

tral

ised

A

gree

men

t

1990

Kalli

o15

.01.1

990

2 ye

ar01

.03.1

990

01.10

.1990

min

. 0.7

min

. 0.7

30 300.

4% 2 )

0.3

5.4

– sta

te m

easu

res,

incl

udin

g ta

x re

visio

n– t

arge

t for

gro

wth

in e

mpl

oyee

s’ re

al d

ispos

able

i

ncom

es 19

90 -

91 4

.5%– e

arni

ngs d

evel

opm

ent g

uara

ntee

III/8

9 - I

II/90

4% a

bove

agr

eed

incr

ease

1991

2nd p

hase

15.11

.1990

01.0

5.199

1m

in. 0

.950

0.3%

2 )1.7

– ind

exat

ion

clau

se, t

ax-p

olicy

mea

sure

s– s

hop

stew

ards

agr

eem

ent

– wor

king

time

issue

s– a

dult

educ

atio

n, h

ousin

g an

d so

cial p

olicy

mea

sure

s

1992

Ihal

aine

n–Ka

hri

28.11

.1991

2 ye

arPr

esen

t ag

reem

ent

prol

onge

d to

31.1

1.199

3

00

00

0.2

– ind

exat

ion

clau

se– fi

nanc

ing

of e

mpl

oym

ent p

ensio

ns

and

the

empl

oyee

s’ co

ntrib

utio

n– d

evel

opm

ent o

f agr

eem

ents

’ sys

tem

– gov

ernm

ent m

easu

res i

nclu

ding

mai

ntai

ning

the

le

vel o

f une

mpl

oym

ent b

enefi

ts

1993

Ihal

aine

n–Ka

hri

2nd p

hase

30.

11.19

920

00

00

1994

Unio

n-lev

el ag

reem

ents

1 yea

r1.1

1.199

33.

2

1995

Unio

n-lev

el ag

reem

ents

1-2 y

ear

5.2

1996

Econ

omic-

, Em

ploy

men

t an

d La

bour

Mar

ket

Polic

y Agr

eem

ent

1996

- 97 2

9.9.19

951st

pha

se

2 ye

ar1.1

1.199

5

1.10.

1996

min

. 1.8

min

. 1.3

105

650.

3 3 )

02.1 1.7

– ind

exat

ion

clau

se– e

arni

ngs d

evel

opm

ent g

uara

ntee

1996

and

1997

– wor

king

life

dev

elop

men

t– s

tate

mea

sure

s i.e

. con

cern

ing

taxa

tion

and

unem

ploy

men

t sec

urity

cont

.

8 9

Year

Agr

eem

ent

perio

dof

valid

-ity

Incr

ease

ef

fect

ive

from

Gen

eral

In

crea

se

%

p

/h

Min

imum

an

d lo

w-p

ay

arra

nge-

men

ts

Bran

-ch

wic

e m

argi

n %

Aver

age

incr

ease

(in

dust

rial-

wor

kers

) %

Refo

rms R

elat

ed to

Cen

tral

ised

A

gree

men

t

1990

Kalli

o15

.01.1

990

2 ye

ar01

.03.1

990

01.10

.1990

min

. 0.7

min

. 0.7

30 300.

4% 2 )

0.3

5.4

– sta

te m

easu

res,

incl

udin

g ta

x re

visio

n– t

arge

t for

gro

wth

in e

mpl

oyee

s’ re

al d

ispos

able

i

ncom

es 19

90 -

91 4

.5%– e

arni

ngs d

evel

opm

ent g

uara

ntee

III/8

9 - I

II/90

4% a

bove

agr

eed

incr

ease

1991

2nd p

hase

15.11

.1990

01.0

5.199

1m

in. 0

.950

0.3%

2 )1.7

– ind

exat

ion

clau

se, t

ax-p

olicy

mea

sure

s– s

hop

stew

ards

agr

eem

ent

– wor

king

time

issue

s– a

dult

educ

atio

n, h

ousin

g an

d so

cial p

olicy

mea

sure

s

1992

Ihal

aine

n–Ka

hri

28.11

.1991

2 ye

arPr

esen

t ag

reem

ent

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2.2 tRadE union dEnSitY in SoME Eu countRiES 2008

SwedenDenmark

finlandbelgium

LuxembourgItaly

IrelandAustria

unitedkingdomgreece

PortugalCzechRepublic

germanyNetherlands

hungarySlovakia

PolandSpain

France

0 20 40 60 80

Source: OECD

%

12 13

Employed 2 447 000 92%

Year totalnumberofdisputes

Workersaffected Workingdayslost

numberx1000

percentageofemployed

numberx1000

perworkeraffected

1990 455 245 9,9 935 3,81991 284 167 7,1 458 2,71992 168 104 4,8 76 0,71993 124 23 1,1 17 0,71994 171 71 3,5 526 7,51995 112 127 6,3 869 6,81996 94 43 2,1 20 0,51997 91 28 1,3 104 3,71998 98 35 1,6 133 3,81999 65 15 0,7 19 1,3

2000 96 84 3,6 254 3,02001 84 22 1,0 61 2,82002 76 71 3,0 75 1,12003 112 92 3,9 66 0,72004 84 25 1,0 42 1,72005 365 107 4,4 673 6,32006 97 48 2,0 85 1,82007 91 90 3,7 95 1,12008 92 16 0,6 16 1,02009 139 50 2,1 92 1,8

Source: Statistics Finland

2.3 labouR diSputES 1990–2009

Manufacturing and Construction560 000 23%

Total population 5 375 000 100%

Working age population (15–74 y)

4 043 000 75%

Under 15 years 888 000 17%Over 74 years 436 000 8%

Labour force 2 672 000 66%

Outside the labour force 1 372 000 34%

Unemployed224 000 8%

Acriculture and Forestry115 000 5%

Services1 762 000 72%

3 POPULATION3.1 population of finland 2010


12 13

country 1000000people

Eu-27 501,1Euroarea 329,6Austria 8,4belgium 10,8bulgaria 7,6Cyprus 0,8CzechRepublic 10,5Denmark 5,5Estonia 1,3finland 5,4France 64,7germany 81,8greece 11,3hungary 10,0Ireland 4,5Italy 60,3Latvia 2,2Lithuania 3,3Luxembourg 0,5Malta 0,4Netherlands 16,6Poland 38,2Portugal 10,6Romania 21,5Slovakia 5,4Slovenia 2,0Spain 46,0Sweden 9,3unitedkingdom 62,0

Source: Eurostat

3.2 population in Eu-countRiES 1.1.2010

14 15

Year Workingage

population(15-74years)

labourforce

Employed unemployed outsidethelabour

force

unemploy-ment

rate,%

1996 3850 2490 2127 363 1360 14,61997 3862 2484 2169 314 1379 12,71998 3878 2507 2222 285 1371 11,41999 3890 2557 2296 261 1333 10,22000 3901 2589 2335 253 1312 9,82001 3909 2605 2367 238 1304 9,12002 3918 2610 2372 237 1308 9,12003 3926 2600 2365 235 1327 9,02004 3935 2594 2365 229 1342 8,82005 3948 2621 2401 220 1327 8,42006 3963 2648 2443 204 1315 7,72007 3981 2675 2492 183 1306 6,92008 4004 2703 2531 172 1301 6,42009 4025 2678 2457 221 1347 8,22010 4043 2672 2447 224 1372 8,42011** 4059 2695 2490 205 1364 7,62012** 4073 2707 2512 195 1366 7,2

Source: Statistics Finland, Ministry of Finance

4.1 labouR foRcE 1996–2012 (1 000 pERS.)

4 LABOUR FORCE, EDUCATION

Year agricultureandforestry

Manu-facturing

construction Services unknown

1996 7,5 21,7 5,5 65,0 0,31997 7,1 21,3 6,0 65,3 0,31998 6,5 21,4 6,3 65,6 0,41999 6,3 21,3 6,5 65,7 0,32000 6,1 21,1 6,4 66,1 0,32001 5,7 21,0 6,1 66,8 0,32002 5,4 20,7 6,2 67,4 0,32003 5,1 19,9 6,4 68,3 0,32004 4,9 19,4 6,3 69,1 0,32005 5,0 18,3 6,6 69,8 0,22006 4,8 18,1 6,7 70,2 0,22007 4,7 17,9 7,0 70,1 0,22008 4,7 17,5 7,3 70,0 0,52009 4,8 16,5 7,1 71,2 0,42010 4,7 16,1 7,1 71,6 0,52011* 4,7 16,2 7,1 71,3 0,42012** 4,6 16,2 7,2 71,4 0,4

since 2009 TOL 2008 Source: Statistics Finland, Ministry of Finance

4.2 EMploYEd bY SEctoR 1996–2012 (pERcEntagE)

14 15

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010Employed 2504 2099 2335 2401 2447EmployerPrivatesector 1793 1469 1692 1744 1774Municipality 482 463 486 506 510State 226 162 151 147 153unknown 3 5 6 3 10


4.3 EMploYMEnt accoRding to EMploYER 1990–2010 (1 000 pERS.)

4.4 labouR SupplY and dEMand 1996–2012

2000

2200

2400

2600

2800

96 97

1000 persons

98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11* 12**

Labour supply

Unemployment

Labour demand


16 17

4.5 EMploYMEnt RatE 1996–2012

4.6 unEMploYMEnt RatE 1996–2012

55,0

60,0

65,0

70,0

75,0

96 97

%

98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11* 12**

Finland EU-27Source: Eurostat, Ministry of Finance

0

5

10

15

20

96 97

%

98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11* 12**

Finland EU-27Source: Ministry of Finance, Eurostat

16 17

4.7 EMploYMEnt RatES1) in Eu-countRiES 2009, %

country total Men WomenEu-27 64,6 70,7 58,6Euroarea 64,7 71,2 58,3Austria 71,6 76,9 66,4belgium 61,6 67,2 56,0bulgaria 62,6 66,9 58,3Cyprus 69,9 77,6 62,5CzechRepublic 65,4 73,8 56,7Denmark 75,7 78,3 73,1Estonia 63,5 64,1 63,0finland 68,7 69,5 67,9France 64,1 68,4 60,0germany 70,9 75,6 66,2greece 61,2 73,5 48,9hungary 55,4 61,1 49,9Ireland 61,8 66,3 57,4Italy 57,5 68,6 46,4Latvia 60,9 61,0 60,9Lithuania 60,1 59,5 60,7Luxembourg 65,2 73,2 57,0Malta 54,9 71,5 37,7Netherlands 77,0 82,4 71,5Poland 59,3 66,1 52,8Portugal 66,3 71,1 61,6Romania 58,6 65,2 52,0Slovakia 60,2 67,6 52,8Slovenia 67,5 71,0 63,8Spain 59,8 66,6 52,8Sweden 72,2 74,2 70,2unitedkingdom 69,9 74,8 65,0

1) Percentage of persons aged 15–64Source: Eurostat, Labour Force Survey

18 19

country %


Source: Eurostat 1) Percentage of persons aged 15–64

4.8 unEMploYMEnt RatES1) in Eu-countRiES 2010

18 19

4.9 long-tERM unEMploYMEnt* 1996–2010

4.10 actiVation RatE* 1990–2010

*Unemployed for over a yearSource: Ministry of Employment and the Economy

*The share of people in labour market policy measures of the number of unemployed people and people in measuresSource: Ministry of Employment and the Economy

0

10

20

30

40

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

%

0

20 000

40 000

60 000

80 000

100 000

120 000

140 000

160 000

96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

henk.persons

20 21

Year Emp-loyeestotal

permanentwork fixedtermworktotal propor-

tionofemploy-ees%

Workinghours total Workinghoursfull-timework

part-timework1)

full-timework

part-timework1)

2000 2016 1685 83,5 1519 166 332 256 762001 2060 1719 83,5 1554 165 340 259 812002 2068 1733 83,8 1557 176 334 251 822003 2061 1723 83,6 1544 179 337 257 802004 2064 1730 83,8 1542 188 334 250 842005 2098 1750 83,4 1561 189 347 262 852006 2129 1779 83,6 1580 199 349 260 892007 2178 1830 84,0 1625 205 348 261 872008 2207 1874 85,0 1678 196 332 248 842009 2123 1811 85,4 1610 201 310 229 812010 2120 1790 84,5 1581 209 329 244 85

1) Employees describing themselves as part-time workersSource: Statistics Finland

4.11 diffEREnt tYpES of EMploYMEnt RElationShipS 2000–2010 (1 000 pERSonS)

4.12 public EXpEndituRE in labouR MaRKEt pRogRaMMES 2008

Active = e.g. education, employment assistance, rehabilitation, start-up grant Passive = e.g. unemployment benefit Source: OECD, Employment Outlook

DenmarkNetherlands

finlandIrelandFrance

germanyAustria

PortugalSweden

ItalyLuxembourg

PolandSlovakiahungarygreece

SloveniaCzechRepublic

Estonia

0 1 2 30,5 1,5 2,5%ofgbP

Activemeasures

Passivemeasures

20 21

4.13 paRt-tiME EMploYMEnt in Eu-countRiES 2009

Source: Eurostat

Eu-27Euroarea

NetherlandsSweden

germanyunitedkingdom

DenmarkAustria

belgiumIreland

LuxembourgFrance

Italyfinland

SpainPortugal

MaltaSloveniaEstonia

RomaniaLatvia

PolandCyprus

Lithuaniagreece

hungaryCzechRepublic

Slovakiabulgaria

0,0 20,0 40,0 60,010,0 30,0 50,0

%ofemployed

22 23

4.14 tEMpoRaRY contRactS in Eu-countRiES 2009

Source: Eurostat

Eu-27Euroarea

PolandSpain

PortugalNetherlands

SloveniaSwedenfinland

germanyFranceCyprus

ItalygreeceAustria

Denmarkhungary

CzechRepublicIreland

belgiumLuxembourg

unitedkingdomMalta

bulgariaSlovakia

LatviaEstonia

LithuaniaRomania

0,0 10,0 20,05,0 15,0 25,0

%ofemployed

30,0

22 23

4.15 aVERagE annual houRS actuallY WoRKEd pER pERSonS EMploYEd 2009

Source: OECD, Employment Outlook

hungaryPoland

CzechRepublicItalyuSA

Portugaljapan

SlovakiaSpain

finlandunitedkingdom

AustriaSweden

LuxembourgDenmark

FrancebelgiumIreland

germanyNetherlands

0 1000 2000500 1500 2500

hours/year

24 25

5.1 balancE bEtWEEn SupplY and dEMand1) 2008–2012

2010* 2008 2009 2010 2011** 2012**billion€ changeinvolume,%

grossdomesticproductatmarketprices 180 0,9 -8,2 3,1 3,6 2,7

Importsofgoodsandservices 65 6,5 -17,6 2,6 6,7 4,7

Totalsupply 245 2,5 -11,0 3,0 4,4 3,3Exportsofgoodsandservices 70 6,3 -20,1 5,1 7,8 5,5Consumption 142 1,9 -1,2 1,9 1,8 1,4

private 97 1,7 -2,1 2,6 2,0 1,8public 44 2,4 1,0 0,4 1,2 0,6

grossformationoffixedcapital 33 -0,4 -14,6 0,8 7,1 4,6private 29 -0,3 -17,4 0,9 8,3 5,2public 5 -0,7 6,2 0,1 -0,1 1,0

Totaldemand 245 2,5 -11,0 3,0 4,4 3,3domesticdemand(incl.statisticaldiscrepancy) 176 0,6 -6,0 2,4 2,8 2,3

1) Figures are based on the revised method of calculating national accounts.Source: Statistics Finland, Ministry of Finance

5.2 gRoSS doMEStic pRoduct 1996–2012

Source: Statistics Finland, Ministry of Finance, Eurostat

5 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Finland EU-27

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08* 09* 10* 11** 12**

Change in volume, %

24 25

country %

Eu-27 1,7Euroarea 1,5Austria 1,7belgium 1,8bulgaria 2,6Cyprus 1,5CzechRepublic 2,3Denmark 1,9Estonia 4,4finland 3,6France 1,6germany 2,2greece -3,0hungary 2,8Ireland 0,9Italy 1,1Latvia 3,3Lithuania 2,8Luxembourg 2,8Malta 2,0Netherlands 1,5Poland 3,9Portugal -1,0Romania 1,5Slovakia 3,0Slovenia 1,9Spain 0,7Sweden 3,3unitedkingdom 2,2

Source: Eurostat

5.3 gRoSS doMEStic pRoduct in Eu-countRiES 2011* % changE

26 27

5.4 gRoSS doMEStic pRoduct1) pER capita in Eu-countRiES 2009

* adjusted by purchasing power paritySource: Eurostat

Eu-27Ea-16

LuxembourgNetherlands

IrelandAustria

DenmarkSweden

germanybelgiumfinland

unitedkingdomFrance

ItalySpain

Cyprusgreece

SloveniaCzechRepublic

MaltaPortugalSlovakiahungaryEstoniaPoland

LithuaniaLatvia

Romaniabulgaria

0 100 20050 150 250

Eu-27=100

300

26 27

5.5 finland’S foREign dEbt 1996–20121)

Year centralgovernmentdebt EMu-debtofgeneralgovernment gdp€billion %ofgdp €billion %ofgdp €billion

1996 66,1 66,7 56,5 57,0 99,11997 69,8 65,0 57,9 53,9 107,31998 69,8 59,9 56,4 48,4 116,51999 68,1 55,7 55,9 45,7 122,22000 63,4 48,0 57,9 43,8 132,12001 61,8 44,4 59,1 42,5 139,22002 59,3 41,3 59,6 41,5 143,52003 63,3 43,5 64,8 44,5 145,42004 63,8 41,9 67,6 44,4 152,12005 60,0 38,2 65,7 41,7 157,32006 58,9 35,6 65,7 39,7 165,62007 56,1 31,2 63,2 35,2 179,72008* 54,4 29,5 63,0 34,1 184,22009* 64,3 37,5 75,0 43,8 171,22010* 75,2 41,7 87,2 48,4 180,32011** .. 43,9 .. 50,1 ..2012** .. 45,6 .. 51,3 ..

1) markka values for the period before 1.1.1999 has been changed, into Euros at a fixed rate of the Euro,1 Euro = 5.94573 FIM. Source: Statistics of Finland, Ministry of Finance

5.6 cEntRal goVERnMEnt nEt lEnding 1996–2012

Source: Statistics of Finland, Ministry of Finance

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11** 12**

% of GDP

28 29

country %ofgdp


Source: European Commission, Eurostat

5.7 gEnERal goVERnMEnt gRoSS dEbt in Eu-countRiES 2010

28 29

country %ofgdp

Eu-27 -6,8Euroarea -6,3Austria -4,3belgium -4,8bulgaria -3,8Cyprus -5,9CzechRepublic -5,2Denmark -5,1Estonia -1,0finland -3,1France -7,7germany -3,7greece -9,6hungary -3,8Ireland -32,3Italy -5,0Latvia -7,7Lithuania -8,4Luxembourg -1,8Malta -4,2Netherlands -5,8Poland -7,9Portugal -7,3Romania -7,3Slovakia -8,2Slovenia -5,8Spain -9,3Sweden -0,9unitedkingdom -10,5

Source: European Commission, Eurostat

5.8 gEnERal goVERnMEnt financial balancE in Ratio to gdp in thE Eu-countRiES (EMu) 2010

30 31

5.9 inVEStMEntS to and fRoM finland 1995–2009

1995 2000 2005 2006 2007* 2008* 2009*€billion

directinvestments,investmentstockFinnishinvestmentsabroad 11,0 56,0 69,4 73,1 79,9 83,4 87,4ForeigninvestmentsinFinland 6,2 26,1 46,5 53,6 62,2 59,7 61,4

Securitiesinvestments,investmentstockFinnishinvestmentsinforeignsecurities 2,6 54,9 130,8 162,4 173,9 129,2 166,9ForeigninvestmentinFinnishsecurities 50,9 272,3 195,2 219,8 257,9 177,5 203,5

*preliminary knowledge Source: Statistics Finland

6 FOREIGN TRADE

6.1 cuRREnt account 1996–2012


0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08* 09* 10* 11** 12**

% BKT:sta%ofgDP

30 31

6.2 foREign tRadE accoRding to REgionS 2010

Source: Board of Customs

EXpoRtSEU-countries

55,0%

Other Europe16,0%

Asia14,8%

North America8,2%

Other countries6,0%

EU-countries55,0%

Other Europe22,2%

Asia14,3%

North America4,1%

Other countries4,4%

iMpoRtS

32 33

7 PAY AND LABOUR COSTS

7.1 EMploYEES’ noMinal and REal EaRningS and houSEholdS’ REal diSpoSablE incoME 1996–2012

Yearnegotiated

payindex

Wagedrift indexofWageandSalaryearnings1)

Realearnings

changefrompreviousyear,%1990 5,5 3,7 9,2 3,01991 4,0 2,4 6,4 1,91992 0,9 1,0 1,9 -0,71993 0,0 0,8 0,8 -1,41994 0,7 1,3 2,0 0,91995 3,6 1,1 4,7 3,71996 3,1 1,1 4,2 3,61997 1,3 1,1 2,4 1,21998 2,7 0,8 3,5 2,11999 1,8 1,0 2,8 1,62000 2,8 1,2 4,0 0,62001 3,3 1,2 4,5 1,92002 2,3 1,2 3,5 1,92003 2,9 1,1 4,0 3,12004 2,4 1,4 3,8 3,62005 2,5 1,4 3,9 3,02006 1,7 1,3 2,9 1,32007 2,1 1,3 3,4 0,92008 4,2 1,3 5,5 1,42009 3,6 0,4 4,0 4,02010* 2,0 0,5 2,5 1,3

1) without the returning from annual leave –paySource: Evaluation Committee for Incomes and Costs

7.2 EMploYEES’ nEgotiatEd paY, WagE dRift and REal EaRningS 1990 - 2010


-5

0

5

10

96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11** 12**

Change, %

Real disposable incomeNominal earningsReal earnings

32 33

YearQuarter Men

€Women

€total

€changefrom

previousyear,%

Womens’earningsasapercentageof

mens’2000 II 11,48 9,67 11,05 4,1 84,2

Iv 11,68 9,79 11,24 4,7 83,82001 II 12,08 10,16 11,65 5,3 84,1

Iv 12,20 10,24 11,76 4,6 83,92002 II 12,48 10,50 12,04 3,4 84,1

Iv 12,56 10,57 12,12 3,0 84,22003 II 12,92 10,90 12,48 3,7 84,4

Iv 12,99 10,92 12,55 3,5 84,12004 II 13,27 11,19 12,38 2,7 84,3

Iv 13,38 11,33 12,91 3,2 84,72005 II 13,46 11,42 13,03 1,6 84,8

Iv 13,85 11,76 13,38 3,6 84,92006 II 13,92 11,77 13,49 3,5 84,6

Iv 14,27 12,13 13,80 3,2 85,02007 II 14,25 12,07 13,83 2,6 84,7

Iv 14,86 12,61 14,37 4,1 84,92008 II 14,87 12,57 14,43 4,3 84,5

Iv 15,56 13,18 15,04 4,7 84,72009 II 15,62 13,14 15,17 5,1 84,1

Iv 15,90 13,49 15,41 2,5 84,82010 II 15,82 13,36 15,39 1,5 84,5

Iv 16,17 13,77 15,70 1,8 85,2Source: Statistics Finland, Confederation of Finnish Industries

7.3 houRlY WagES foR REgulaR WoRKing tiME in ManufactuRing 2000 –2010

YearQuarter Men

€Women

€total

€changefrom

previousyear

Womens’earningsasapercentage

ofmens’2000 II 11,33 8,50 11,26 5,8 75,0

Iv 11,68 8,82 11,61 5,9 75,52001 II 11,93 8,92 11,85 5,2 74,8

Iv 12,10 9,19 12,02 3,5 76,02002 II 12,30 9,25 12,22 3,1 75,2

Iv 12,46 9,57 12,40 3,1 76,82003 II 12,65 9,63 12,57 2,9 76,1

Iv 12,78 9,78 12,71 2,5 76,52004 II 12,97 9,83 12,89 2,6 75,8

Iv 13,20 10,15 13,12 3,1 76,92005 II 13,38 10,30 13,29 3,0 77,0

Iv 13,70 10,72 13,62 3,7 78,22006 II 13,89 10,82 13,80 3,8 77,9

Iv 14,19 11,11 14,10 3,6 78,32007 II 14,45 11,36 14,35 4,0 78,6

Iv 14,89 11,70 14,79 4,9 78,62008 II 15,46 12,15 15,36 7,0 78,6

Iv 15,64 12,45 15,55 5,1 79,62009 II 16,23 13,02 16,13 5,0 80,2

Iv 16,19 13,25 16,11 3,6 81,82010 II 16,21 13,04 16,11 -0,1 80,4

Iv 16,50 13,19 16,40 1,8 79,9Source: Statistics Finland, Confederation of Finnish Industries

7.4 houRlY WagES foR REgulaR WoRKing tiME in conStRuction 2000–2010

34 35

7.5 total labouR coStS in ManufactuRing 2009* pRoduction WoRKERS

Source: Svenskt Näringsliv, Bank of Finland

DenmarkSwitzerland

SwedenLuxembourg

belgiumFrance

finlandNetherlands

Austriaunitedkingdom

germanySpain

CyprusSloveniaPortugal

CzechRepublicMalta

hungaryPolandEstonia

SlovakiaLatvia

LithuaniaRomaniabulgaria

0 10 20 30

Euro/h

40

Payfortimeworked

Otherlabourcosts

34 35

Year government Municipalsector€ change/year% € change/year%

1996 2000 - 1825 -1997 2016 0,8 1813 -0,71998 2081 3,2 1874 3,41999 2148 3,2 1914 2,12000 2235 4,1 1986 3,82001 2350 5,1 2054 3,42002 2449 4,2 2140 4,22003 2548 4,0 2205 3,02004 2643 3,7 2296 4,12005 2737 3,6 2407 4,82006 2871 4,9 2482 3,12007 3003 4,6 2571 3,62008 3218 7,2 2715 5,62009 3321 3,2 2801 3,2

1) markka values for the period before 1.1.1999 has been changed into Euros at a fixed rate of the Euro, 1 Euro = 5.94573 FIM.Source: Statistics Finland

7.6 total aVERagE SalaRiES of EMploYEES in thE public SEctoR 1996–20091) (Monthly-salaried,full-time)

YearQuarter Men Women total annualchange,%

2000 II 9,88 9,10 9,85 4,8Iv 9,85 9,11 9,82 2,4

2001 II 10,15 9,43 10,12 2,7Iv 10,15 9,50 10,12 3,1

2002 II 10,47 9,69 10,43 3,1Iv 10,60 9,78 10,57 4,4

2003 II 10,97 10,12 10,93 4,8Iv 11,04 10,33 11,01 4,2

2004 II 11,23 10,43 11,19 2,4Iv 11,31 10,56 11,27 2,4

2005 II 11,82 11,12 11,79 5,4Iv 11,99 11,32 11,95 6,0

2006 II 12,06 11,14 12,02 2,0Iv 12,20 11,38 12,16 1,8

2007 II 12,41 11,53 12,36 2,8Iv 12,57 11,69 12,53 3,0

2008 II 13,23 12,35 13,19 6,7Iv 13,44 12,57 13,40 6,9

2009 II 14,07 13,19 14,02 6,3Iv 14,34 13,48 14,29 6,6

2010 II 14,45 13,57 14,40 2,7Iv 14,55 13,72 14,51 1,5

Source: Statistics Finland, The Confederation of Finnish Industries EK

7.7 houRlY WagES foR REgulaR WoRKing tiME foR autoMobilE tRaffic WoRKERS 2000–2010 (hourlywagesforregularworkingtime,€)

36 37

Year Managers€

Salespersons

€

Warehousepersonel

€

officestaff

€

hotelsandrestaurants,

workers€

2000 2009 1409 1534 1961 14592001 2095 1490 1625 2022 15212002 2202 1542 1674 2128 15582003 2245 1593 1717 2162 15972004 2325 1625 1762 2236 16402005 2403 1669 1819 2326 16842006 2490 1711 1878 2424 17322007 2589 1896 1962 2549 18122008 2769 1978 2050 2685 18812009 2850 2056 2119 2755 19492010 2910 2130 2159 2853 1978

Source: Confederation of Finnish Industries

7.8 aVERagE MonthlY SalaRiES foR REgulaR WoRKing tiME in thE SERVicE SEctoR 2000–2010

Year non-manualtechnicalpersonnel

€

upper-levelsalariedemployees

€

Salariedemployeestotal

€2000 2122 3256 26742001 2158 3257 27102002 2237 3386 28332003 2319 3544 29652004 2402 3683 31002005 2498 3821 32332006 2568 3923 33392007 2681 4116 34902008 2835 4305 36712009 2910 4373 37542010 2979 4456 3832

Source: Confederation of Finnish Industries1) For regular working time

7.9 aVERagE MonthlY EaRningS1) of SalaRiEd EMploYEES in ManufactuRing 2000–2010

36 37

7.10 annual nEt EaRningS in ManufactuRing induStRiES in Eu-countRiES 2009

1) Year 2008, 2) Year 2007Single parent without children

Source: Eurostat

Eu-27Euroarea

LuxembourgIreland

DenmarkNetherlands

unitedkingdomfinlandAustria1)

Swedengermany

FrancebelgiumCyprus2)

Spaingreece

ItalyMalta

PortugalSlovenia1)

CzechRepublicEstonia1)

SlovakiaPolandLatvia

Lithuaniahungary

Romania1)

bulgaria

0 10000 20000 30000 40000

euro

38 39

8 PRICES

8.1 pRicE indicES 2001–2010

Year concumerpriceindex

2000=100

producerpriceindexformanufactured

products2000=100

buildingcost

index2000=100

importpriceindex

2000=100

Exportpriceindex

2000=1002001 102,6 97,8 102,5 97,1 95,52002 104,2 94,7 103,3 94,2 90,42003 105,1 92,8 105,2 93,7 86,52004 105,3 93,1 107,8 97,1 87,02005 106,2 95,0 111,7 103,4 88,62006 108,1 99,6 115,9 111,2 92,22007 110,8 102,5 122,8 113,9 94,42008 115,3 106,3 127,5 117,8 95,52009 115,3 100,3 126,1 104,4 86,72010 116,7 105,2 127,5 111,3 90,4


7.11 EMploYEES’ REal diSpoSablE incoME 1991–2011

Source: Evaluation Committee for Incomes and Costs

-10

-5

0

5

10

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10* 11**

Muutos %Change%

38 39

Eu-27Euroarea

Romaniagreece

hungaryunitedkingdom

bulgariaLuxembourg

PolandEstoniaCyprus

belgiumDenmarkSlovenia

SpainMalta

SwedenFranceAustriafinland

ItalyPortugal

germanyCzechRepublic

LithuaniaNetherlands

SlovakiaLatvia

Ireland

8.2 annual changE in conSuMER pRicES in Eu-countRiES 2010

Source: Eurostat

-2 -1 7

%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

40 41

8.3 pRicE lEVElS, januaRY 2011

Source: OECD, Main Economic Indicators

SwitzerlandNorway

Denmarkjapan

SwedenfinlandIreland

LuxembourgFrance

belgiumunitedkingdom

IcelandAustria

Netherlandsgermany

Spaingreece

ItalyPortugal

uSASloveniaEstonia

CzechRepublicSlovakiahungary

Poland

0 40 8020 60 100

Finland=100

140120

40 41

8.4 long-tERM intERESt RatES in SoME Eu-countRiES 2010

Source: OECD

Irelandgreece

PortugalSlovakia

PolandCzechRepublic

ItalySpain

NetherlandsSlovenia

germanyAustriaFrance

finlandbelgiumSweden

Denmarkunitedkingdom

0 2 4 6 8

%

42 43

8.5 intERESt RatES in finland 1997:1–2010:12

0

2

4

6

8

97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

Euribor 3-months 1) Finnish government bonds, 10-year

%

1) 1997-98 Helibor Source: Bank of Finland

8.6 hElSinKi StocK indEX (oMX hElSinKi) 1997:1–2010:12

Source: Bank of Finland

0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

42 43

Year governmentsubsidized

€/m2

nonsubsidized

€/m2

total

€/m2

change

%1)

1995 5,42 5,99 5,72 2,11996 5,58 6,26 5,95 3,219972) 6,11 6,78 6,46 5,31998 6,09 7,03 6,59 3,41999 6,24 7,28 6,81 3,12000 6,39 7,67 7,10 3,72001 6,64 7,99 7,42 3,82002 6,92 8,21 7,66 3,72003 7,16 8,50 7,94 1,32004 7,37 8,60 8,07 1,92005 7,54 8,81 8,27 2,12006 7,68 8,93 8,37 2,02007 7,96 9,35 8,72 3,02008 8,38 9,73 9,04 3,42009 8,93 10,07 9,48 4,02010 9,28 10,40 9,86 2,7

1) Same dwellings2) Since 1997, a different method has been used for computing the average rent. Therefore the data is not comparable with earlier years.Source: Statistics Finland

8.7 dWEllingS With cEntRal hEating: aVERagE MonthlY REnt pER SQuaRE MEtER 1995–2010

Year Wholecountry€/m2

greaterhelsinkiarea€/m2

Restoffinland€/m2

avaregeinterestrateofhousingloans%

1995 866 1123 723 7,991996 927 1239 773 6,371997 1097 1527 895 6,151998 1206 1703 974 5,631999 1313 1910 1040 5,022000 1299 1916 976 6,492001 1292 1907 970 5,272002 1400 2112 1028 4,742003* 1489 2247 1093 3,552004 1596 2386 1185 3,372005 1705 2535 1271 3,222006 1853 2783 1368 4,192007 1978 3004 1443 4,992008 1943 2929 1429 4,832009 2017 3071 1542 2,122010 2134 3276 1619 2,05

*) Calculating system has changed. Source: Statistics Finland, Bank of Finland

8.8 aVERagE dEbt-fREE SElling pRiSE pER SQuaRE MEtER of flatS and aVERagE RatE of houSing loanS 1995–2010

44 45

9 DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME

9.1 diStRibution of diSpoSablE incoME of houSEholdS 1995–2009 (breakdownofincome,%)

decile 1995 2000 2005 2009I 4,5 3,9 3,7 3,6

II 6,3 5,5 5,4 5,4III 7,2 6,4 6,4 6,5Iv 8,0 7,3 7,4 7,5v 8,8 8,2 8,4 8,5vI 9,7 9,2 9,3 9,5vII 10,6 10,2 10,4 10,6vIII 11,8 11,5 11,8 11,9IX 13,4 13,4 13,8 14,0X 19,7 23,4 23,5 22,6Total 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0


9.2 factoR incoMES accoRding to SouRcE of incoME 1999, 2007–2009

EuR/household change% change%1999 2007 2008 2009 1999-2009 2008-2009

Wagesandsalaries 24292 28466 28880 28366 16,8 -1,8Incentivestockoptions 0 165 96 55 -42,7

Entrepreneurialincome 2541 2757 2571 2253 -11,3 -12,4Agriculturalentrepreneurialincome 509 454 441 410 -19,4 -7,0Forestryentrepreneurialincome 496 542 430 270 -45,6 -37,2Otherentrepreneurialincome 1535 1760 1700 1572 2,4 -7,5

Propertyincome 2715 4148 3370 2843 4,7 -15,6Dividendincome 843 1399 1427 1294 53,5 -9,3gains 1330 1871 1057 640 -51,9 -39,5

otherpropertyincome 159 451 448 450 183,0 0,4FactorIncomes 29548 35371 34821 33462 13,2 -3,9

ginicoefficient, persentagepoint

persentagepoint

%,FactorIncomes 49,9 49,8 48,9 49,4 -1,0 1,0Source: Statistics Finland

44 45

9.3 incoME diffEREncES dEVElopMEnt 1966–2009 houSEholdS diSpoSablE incoME1)

Year 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990

gini-coefficient 31,8 27,0 21,6 20,5 20,5 19,9 20,3 20,5 20,4

Year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999


Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008


Year 2009

gini-coefficient 27,6Household disposable income= wages and salaries + enterpreneurial income + property income + current transfers received - current transfers paid.The higher value the Gini coefficient gets, the more unequally revenues are distributed.1) Calculating system has changed –1993Source: Statistics Finland

9.4 diStRibution of national incoME 2007–20122010* 2007 2008 2009* 2010* 2011** 2012**

percentage change%

Wagesandsalaries 48,0 6,1 6,6 -1,3 1,9 4,5 4,1

Employers’socialcontributions

11,5 5,2 7,0 -3,3 1,3 5,3 4,7

households’entrepreneurialincome

8,3 -0,2 -6,8 20,1 14,1 -2,5 -0,5

fromagriculture 0,5 22,5 -29,1 -4,9 -8,2 5,0 2,0

fromforestry 1,1 69,9 -2,3 -27,3 16,7 2,0 -1,0

fromothersources 3,5 -13,2 -4,2 37,1 13,4 7,0 4,0

Propertyandotherentrepreneurialincome

26,5 16,4 -4,5 -19,8 17,3 6,1 7,7

Taxesonproductionandimportsminussubsidies 14,0 3,4 1,5 -3,6 3,9 11,5 4,4

Nationalincome 100,0 7,4 2,6 -7,0 5,8 6,0 5,2

Disposableincome 7,4 2,5 -7,2 6,0 5,9 5,2Source: Statistics Finland, Ministry of Finance, ETLA

46 47

9.5 incoME diffEREncES in Eu-countRiES 2009

The higher value the Gini coefficient gets, the more unequally revenues are distributed. Source: Eurostat

Eu-27Euroarea

LatviaLithuaniaPortugalRomaniabulgariagreece

unitedkingdomSpain

ItalyPolandEstoniaFrance

Luxembourggermany

IrelandCyprus

MaltaNetherlands

DenmarkbelgiumfinlandAustria

CzechRepublicSwedenSlovakiahungarySlovenia

0 5 20 30 40

ginicoefficient

10 15 25 35

46 47

9.6 WagES and SalaRiES aS a pERcEntagE of national incoME 1996–2012


50

55

60

65

96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08* 09* 10* 11** 12**

%

10 TAXATION AND CURRENT TRANSFERS10.1 taX RatE 1996–2012

Source: OECD, Ministry of Finance

% of GDP

40

42

44

46

48

50

96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11** 12**

48 49

10.3 taX REVEnuES on incoME and pRopERtY 1990–2009, € bn

Year incomeand

propertytax

Municipaltax

churchtax

nationalpension

insurancepremium

healthinsurancepremium

taxincrease

taxesand

leviestotal

1990 7045 8356 580 607 773 23 173621991 5947 8161 561 610 912 19 161911992 5777 8288 540 1408 1208 17 172211993 5470 7913 523 854 1141 56 159001994 5984 8755 570 791 1351 59 174511995 6839 9492 619 349 1440 55 187401996 7624 10037 654 - 1444 41 197601997 8352 10660 697 - 1311 34 210211998 9437 11159 722 - 1141 29 224581999 11298 12219 730 - 1076 26 253232000 13312 13155 766 - 1066 28 283002001 11214 12915 767 - 1062 29 259562002 11605 12553 790 - 1006 33 259872003 11795 12728 805 - 966 35 263282004 12100 13023 821 - 984 32 269602005 12421 13655 849 - 1019 29 279732006 12984 14545 896 - 1492 25 299422007 14047 15800 953 - 1539 27 323662008 12346 16345 964 - 1542 32 312442009 9504 16497 957 - 1610 29 28597

Source: National Board of Taxes

10.2 local goVERnMEnt taX RatE 1991–2011

Source: The Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities

16,0

16,5

17,0

17,5

18,0

18,5

19,0

19,5

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11*

%

48 49

10.4 taX REVEnuES on incoME and pRopERtY 2009 acRoSS taXpaYER gRoupS

taxpayergroup taxesandleviestotal

Year-on-yearchange%

%–distributionoftaxes

individualstotal 24245 -5,9 84,8Employees 17237 -6,0 60,3Pensioners 3439 -0,8 12,0Farmers 1257 -13,7 4,4Personscarryingonatrade 1253 -7,3 4,4Otherindividuals 985 -1,9 3,4Decent’sestates 75 -48,6 0,3corporateenterprisesandothercorporations

4352 -20,5 15,2

jointstockcompanies 4110 -21,2 14,4Co-operativesocieties 107 -25,7 0,4Associations,institutions,funds 49 32,4 0,2housingcorporations 10 0,0 0,0Othercorporations1) 76 8,6 0,3total 28597 -8,5 100,0

1) Incl. foreign corporations, unicorporated government enterprisesSource: National Board of Taxes

10.5 taX RatES in SoME countRiES 2009

*) 2008 Source: OECD, Revenue Statistics

DenmarkSweden

ItalybelgiumfinlandAustriaFrance

NorwayNetherlands*

hungarySlovenia

LuxembourggermanyPortugal*

CzechRepublicunitedkingdom

Poland*Iceland

Spaingreece

SlovakiaIreland

uSA

0TotaltaxrevenueasapercentageofgDP

10 20 30 40 50

50 51

10.7 EMploYEES’ contRibutionS to Social inSuRancE 1995–2011

Year nationalpensioninsurance,%oftaxableincome

nationalsicknessinsurance,%oftaxableincome

contributiontoemploymentpensions

under53over53

unemploymentinsurance,

%ofwages1995 0,55 1,90-3,80 4,00 - 1,871996 - 1,90-3,35 4,30 - 1,501997 - 1,90-2,35 4,50 - 1,501998 - 1,50-1,95 4,70 - 1,401999 - 1,50 4,70 - 1,352000 - 1,50 4,70 - 1,002001 - 1,50 4,50 - 0,702002 - 1,50 4,40 - 0,402003 - 1,50 4,60 - 0,202004 - 1,50 4,60 - 0,252005 - 1,50 4,60 5,80 0,502006 - 2,10 4,30 5,40 0,582007 - 2,03 4,30 5,40 0,582008 - 1,91 4,10 5,20 0,342009 - 1,98 4,30 5,40 0,202010 - 2,40 4,50 5,70 0,402011 - 2,01 4,70 6,00 0,60

10.6 incoME taX aS a pERcEntagE of ManufactuRing WoRKER’S aVERagE gRoSS incoME in SoME countRiES 2009

Includes employees’ sosial security contributions. Example: a single person with no childrenSource: OECD, Taxing Wages

belgiumgermanyDenmarkhungary

AustriaNetherlands

ItalyfinlandFrance

Luxembourgunitedkingdom

SwedengreecePoland

uSAPortugal

CzechRepublicSlovakiaIrelandjapanSpain

0%ofgrossearnings

10 20 30 40 455 15 25 35

50 51

10.8 EMploYERS’ contRibutionS to Social inSuRancE 1996–2011, % of WagES and SalaRiES

Year averagepension

insurance

Sosialprotection

Employ-ment

accidentinsurance

unemploy-ment

insurance

grouplife

insurance

total

min max min max min max1.1.1996 16,8 4,00 6,50 1,2 1,00 4,00 0,10 23,10 28,601.1.1997 16,7 4,00 6,50 1,4 1,00 4,00 0,09 23,19 28,691.1.1998 16,8 4,00 6,50 1,4 0,90 3,90 0,08 23,18 28,681.1.1999 16,8 4,00 6,50 1,3 0,90 3,90 0,08 23,08 28,581.1.2000 16,8 4,00 6,50 1,3 0,90 3,45 0,09 23,09 28,141.7.2000 16,8 3,60 6,50 1,3 0,90 3,45 0,09 22,69 28,141.1.2001 16,6 3,60 6,50 1,2 0,80 3,10 0,095 22,295 27,4951.3.2002 16,7 2,95 6,05 1,1 0,70 2,70 0,085 21,535 26,6351.1.2003 16,8 2,964 6,064 1,0 0,60 2,45 0,081 21,445 26,3951.1.2004 16,8 2,964 6,064 1,0 0,60 2,50 0,08 21,444 26,4441.1.2005 16,8 2,966 6,066 1,1 0,70 2,80 0,08 21,646 26,8461.1.2006 16,7 2,958 6,058 1,1 0,75 2,95 0,08 21,588 26,8881.1.2007 16,7 2,951 6,051 1,0 0,75 2,95 0,08 21,481 26,7811.1.2008 16,8 2,771 5,871 1,0 0,70 2,90 0,07 21,341 26,6411.1.2009 16,8 2,0 5,1 1,0 0,65 2,70 0,07 20,52 25,671.1.2010 16,9 2,23

2,121,0 0,75 2,95 0,07 20,95 23,15

1.1.2011 17,1 1,0 0,80 3,20 0,07 21,09 23,49

10.9 REcipiEntS of unEMploYMEnt bEnEfitS 1995–2009Year unemployed

job-seekers,1000

Recipientsofbasic

unemploymentallowance

Recipientsoflabourmarket

subsidy

Recipientsofearnings-relatedunemployment

allowance

unemploymentpensioners

End-of-monthaverage 31.12.1995 466010 76540 142690 241800 391501996 447990 28770 178300 235250 414101997 408960 25520 173560 206650 448601998 372430 19170 180460 167050 493901999 348140 16730 175940 149390 522402000 321120 15900 159620 135370 542902001 302180 15840 153530 121760 580202002 293970 17220 150650 117730 575902003 288840 19080 144420 122430 557102004 288400 20570 141880 126120 529002005 275320 19820 134200 123680 509002006 249520 18030 121610 113430 476702007 216870 15560 105200 98950 502602008 203760 15790 94050 92280 507702009 265831 25589 102992 131113 46602

Source: Social Insurance Institution

52 53

10.10 Social pRotEction pER inhabitant * in thE Eu-countRiES 2008

*According to purchasing power paritySource: Eurostat

Eu-27Eu-15

LuxembourgNetherlands

SwedenDenmark

AustriaFrance

belgiumgermany

finlandIreland

Italyunitedkingdom

greeceSpain

SloveniaPortugalCyprus

CzechRepublichungary

MaltaSlovakia

PolandEstonia

LithuaniaLatvia

Romaniabulgaria

0 2000 8000 12000 16000

euro

4000 6000 10000 14000

52 53

10.11 Social pRotEction in functionS 1995–2009, EuR Million

1995 2000 2005 2007 2008 2009Sicknessandhealth 6144 7637 10528 11683 12654 13078Disability 4394 4467 5262 5570 5947 6244Oldage 8480 10233 13697 15451 16301 17989Survivors 1144 1276 1470 1549 1591 1666Familyandchildren 3920 4007 4705 5101 5414 5687unemployment 4220 3372 3770 3430 3346 4147housing 441 467 437 431 778 852Other 615 671 813 984 1054 1234Administration 843 1011 1318 1415 1485 1530Total 30200 33142 42001 45615 48572 52427

%ofgdp 31,5 25,1 26,7 25,4 26,3 30,6Source: National Institute for Health and Welfare

10.12 financing of Social pRotEction EXpEndituRE, 1995–2009, %

1995 2000 2005 2007 2008 2009State 29,1 24,1 24,6 24,1 24,6 26,9Municipalities 16,7 19,1 19 18,7 18,2 18,1Employers 33,7 37,7 38,1 37,6 37,6 37,3Insuredpersons 13,7 12,1 11,3 11,7 10,9 11,2Otherincome 6,9 7,1 7,0 7,9 8,7 6,5total 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0

Source: National Institute for Health and Welfare

54 55

10.13 thE aVERagE REtiREMEnt agE on an occupational pEnSion 1996–2009

Year age1996 57,21997 57,31998 57,51999 57,4

2000 57,52001 57,72002 57,62003 57,52004 57,82005 58,62006 58,42007 58,42008 58,82009 59,5

Source: ETK

10.14 childREn in full oR paRt tiME daY caRE (Municipal and pRiVatE daY caRE and faMilY daY caRE) 1996–2009

Year full-timedaycare part-timedaycare1996 342910 925741997 354870 487721998 359772 777481999 358558 725142000 296828 1051882001 296452 988462002 290662 969342003 289744 926362004 284988 876822005 287001 861482006 296292 836342007 308844 833502008 323314 826462009 321998 82734

Source: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Sotkanet

54 55

10.15 total nuMbER of pEnSionERS 1990–2009 (1000persons)1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 2009

Oldagepension 737,2 804,1 869,7 940,0 1005,3 1048,4Disablitypensions 300,9 309,5 276,3 269,4 272,9 272,3unemploymentpensions 55,5 39,1 54,3 50,9 50,8 46,6Survivors’pensions 223,2 260,2 281,3 287,5 287,4 287,1Specialpensions 40,8 51,0 65,4 64,9 57,0 54,2Total 1161,0 1219,7 1284,1 1365,3 1414,2 1443,2

N.B. One person may receive pension benefits from several pension categories.Source: ETK

10.16 old agE dEpEndEncY Ratio 2015–20602015 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060

Eu-27 28,3 31,1 38,0 45,4 50,4 53,5Austria 27,4 29,2 38,1 46,0 48,3 50,7belgium 28,2 30,6 37,6 42,3 43,9 45,8bulgaria 28,2 31,1 36,3 43,6 55,4 63,5Cyprus 19,9 22,3 27,4 30,8 37,7 44,5CzechRepublic 26,5 31,1 35,7 42,7 54,8 61,4Denmark 29,1 31,9 37,9 42,7 41,3 42,7Estonia 26,7 29,2 34,4 39,0 47,2 55,6finland 31,7 36,8 43,9 45,1 46,6 49,3France 29,3 32,8 39,0 44,0 44,7 45,2germany 32,2 35,3 46,2 54,7 56,4 59,1greece 30,6 32,8 38,5 48,3 57,o 57,1hungary 26,3 30,3 34,1 40,1 50,8 57,6Ireland 18,4 20,2 24,6 30,6 40,4 43,6Italy 33,6 35,5 42,5 54,1 59,2 59,3Latvia 26,2 28,1 34,6 40,7 51,2 64,5Lithuania 24,0 26,0 34,7 42,8 51,1 65,7Luxembourg 22,3 24,2 30,8 36,3 37,8 39,1Malta 26,7 31,3 39,1 41,7 49,8 59,1Netherlands 27,1 30,7 40,0 46,8 45,6 47,2Poland 21,9 27,2 36,0 41,3 55,7 69,0Portugal 28,6 30,7 36,6 44,6 53,0 54,8Romania 22,5 25,7 30,3 40,8 54,0 65,3Slovakia 19,2 23,9 32,3 40,0 55,5 68,5Slovenia 26,3 31,2 40,8 49,4 59,4 62,2Spain 25,8 27,4 34,3 46,4 58,7 59,1Sweden 31,5 33,7 37,4 40,8 41,9 46,7unitedkingdom 27,1 28,6 33,2 36,9 38,0 42,1

Source: Eurostat

56 57

11 ELECTIONS

11.1 political paRtiES SuppoRt in local goVERnMEnt ElEctionS 2000, 2004 and 2008, %

2000 2004 2008NationalCoalitionParty 20,8 21,8 23,5SocialDemocraticParty 23,0 24,1 21,2CentreParty 23,8 22,8 20,1greenLeague 7,7 7,4 8,9LeftWingAlliance 9,9 9,6 8,8TrueFinns 0,7 0,9 5,4SwedishPeople’sParty 5,1 5,2 4,7ChristianLeague 4,3 4,0 4,2Other 4,8 4,3 3,1


11.2 polical paRtiES SuppoRt in paRliaMEntaRY ElEctionS 2007 and 2011

2007 2011% seats % seats

NationalCoalitionParty 22,3 50 20,4 44SocialDemocraticParty 21,4 45 19,1 42TrueFinns 4,1 5 19,1 39CentreParty 23,1 51 15,8 35LeftWingAlliance 8,8 17 8,1 14greenLeague 8,5 15 7,3 10SwedishPeople’sParty 4,6 9 4,3 9ChristianLeague 4,9 7 4 6Other 2,5 1 2 1


11.3 political paRtiES SuppoRt in EuRopEan paRliaMEnt ElEctionS 2004 ja 2009, %

2004 2009NationalCoalitionParty 23,7 23,2CentreParty 23,4 19,0SocialDemocraticParty 21,2 17,5greenLeague 10,4 12,4TrueFinns 9,8SwedishPeople’sParty 5,7 6,1LeftWingAlliance 9,1 5,9Other 6,5 6,1


11.4 thE candidatES SuppoRt in SEcond Round of pRESidEntialElEction 29.1.2006

29.1.2006Tarjahalonen/SocialDemocraticParty

51,8

SauliNiinistö/NationalCoalitionParty

48,2


56 57

11.4 thE candidatES SuppoRt in SEcond Round of pRESidEntialElEction 29.1.2006

29.1.2006Tarjahalonen/SocialDemocraticParty

51,8

SauliNiinistö/NationalCoalitionParty

48,2


MonEtaRY conVERSion to thE 2010 caShYear afactor

calculatedfrom

consumerpriceindex

afactorcalculatedfromindex

ofwageandsalary

earnings

Year afactorcalculated

fromconsumerpriceindex

afactorcalculatedfromindex

ofwageandsalary

earnings1954 0,029 0,098 1983 0,340 0,5891955 0,029 0,091 1984 0,318 0,5381956 0,027 0,081 1985 0,301 0,4961957 0,024 0,077 1986 0,290 0,4641958 0,022 0,073 1987 0,280 0,4331959 0,022 0,070 1988 0,267 0,3981960 0,021 0,066 1989 0,250 0,3651961 0,021 0,062 1990 0,236 0,3341962 0,020 0,058 1991 0,227 0,3141963 1,912 5,299 1992 0,221 0,3081964 1,732 4,677 1993 0,216 0,3061965 1,654 4,306 1994 0,214 0,3001966 1,592 4,013 1995 0,212 0,2871967 1,510 3,689 1996 0,211 0,2761968 1,389 3,323 1997 0,208 0,2701969 1,357 3,094 1998 0,205 0,2611970 1,321 2,854 1999 0,203 0,2541971 1,243 2,531 2000 0,196 0,2441972 1,159 2,268 2001 0,191 0,2341973 1,037 1,965 2002 1,120 1,3431974 0,884 1,642 2003 1,110 1,2921975 0,751 1,347 2004 1,108 1,2441976 0,656 1,172 2005 1,098 1,1981977 0,582 1,080 2006 1,080 1,1631978 0,541 1,011 2007 1,054 1,1241979 0,505 0,908 2008 1,012 1,0661980 0,452 0,811 2009 1,012 1,0261981 0,404 0,719 2010 1,000 1,0001982 0,370 0,650

Introducing Euro year 2002 and currency reform year 1963

ANNEX 1

58 59

58 59

60 61

60 61

62 63

62 63

64

Economy & Finance

Statistics about Finland 2011